this is important helpful materiel for engineering students.

1. A
Practical Training Seminar
submitted
in partial full fill
for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology
in Department of Electrical Engineering
Submitted To:- Submitted By:-
DEVENDRA KUMAR KHAIRIYA
Roll No.: 10ELDEE009
Electrical Department
Department of Electrical Engineering
Laxmi Devi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Alwar
Rajasthan Technical University
Academic Session: 2013-14
220 KV GRID SUB STATION, KISHANGARH BAS

2. CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION:
•Introduction
• Bird view of Sub-station
• 220-KV Sub-station of kishangarh bas
• Definition Of Sub-station
•Parts of 220kv gss of kishangarh bas
•Functions of substation equipments

3. This project includes study of yard,
administration block, bus bars, circuit breakers,
relays, isolators, various types of transformers
such as power transformers, capacitor voltage
transformer, current transformer, lighting
arresters and grounding system of sub-station.

4. BIRD VIWE OF SUBSTATION

5. INCOMING FEEDERS AT 220KV
GSS K G BAS
• KHUSHKHERA
• ALWAR
OUTGOING FEEDER AT 220 KV
GSS K.G. BAS
• TIJARA (132 KV)
• MUNDAWAR (132 KV)
• PUR-KOTKASIM (132 KV)
• KHAIRTHAL (33 KV)
• K G BAS (33 KV)
• HARSOLI (33 KV)
• CHIKANI (33 KV)
220 KV SUBSTATION OFKISHANGARH BAS:
THERE ARE TWO INCOMING OF 220KV , AND SEVEN OUTGOING
OF 132KVAND 33KV

6. Sub-station is a subsidiary station of an
electricity generation, transmission and
distribution system where voltage is transformed
from high to low or low to high voltage using
transformers and other helping equipments. It
consist yard and administration block.

7. THERE ARE TWO PART OF THE 220 KV K G BAS GSS:
1. YARD:- In K.G. Bas the yard contains two transformer of 100MVA, which
step down voltage from 220 kv to 132 kv. There are four bus-bars in 220 kv
yard .Yard also contain air blast circuit breakers, isolators, insulator, current
transformer ,potential transformer, lightning arrestor’s etc. Some auxiliary
equipment like compressor, oil filters, wave trap for plcc are also provided in
the yard
YARD

8. 2. ADMINISTRATION ROOM:-
ADMINISTRATION ROOM

9.  LIGHTNING ARRESTER
 CURRENT TRANSFORMER
 ISOLATOR
 CIRCUIT BREAKER
 POWER TRANSFORMER
 CAPACITOR VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
 CAPACITOR BANK
 INSULATOR
 BUS BAR SYSTEM
 WAVE TRAPE

10. A LIGTNING ARRESTER IS A PROTECTIVE DEVICE WHICH CONDUCT THE
HIGH VOLTAGE SURGE ON THE POWER SYSTEM TO THE GROUND.

11. Current transformer is a instrument transformer which is mainly used for measuring
current where very high currents are flowing.
ACTUAL VIEW

13. A circuit breaker is an equipment which can open or close a circuit under
normal as well as fault condition.
MAINLY CIRCUIT BREAKER USED ARE
 ABCB(AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKER)
 SF6(SULPHUR HEXA FLOURIDE) CIRCUIT BREAKER
SF6 GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER

14. POWER TRANSFORMER
A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers energy by inductive
coupling between its winding circuits. A varying current in the primary winding
creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a varying
magnetic flux through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic flux
induces a varying electromotive force (emf) or voltage in the secondary winding.
IDEAL TRANSFORMER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

15. Consider the ideal, lossless, perfectly-coupled transformer shown in the circuit
diagram at right having primary and secondary windings with NP and NS turns,
respectively.
The ideal transformer induces secondary voltage ES =VS as a proportion of the
primary voltage VP = EP and respective winding turns as given by the equation, ,
where,
-VP/VS = EP/ES = a is the voltage ratio and NP/NS = a is the winding turns ratio,
-the value of these ratios being respectively higher and lower than unity for step-
down and step-up transformers,
-- VP designates source impressed voltage,
-VS designates output voltage, and,
- - EP & ES designate respective emf induced voltages.

16. ,
Any load impedebce ZL connected to the ideal transformer's secondary winding
causes current to flow without losses from primary to secondary circuits, the
resulting input and output apparent power therefore being equal as given by the
equation
The load impedance ZL is defined in terms of secondary circuit voltage and
current as follows
The apparent impedance z’L of this secondary circuit load referred to the
primary winding circuit is governed by a squared turns ratio multiplication factor
relationship derived as follows

17. IDEAL TRANSFORMER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

19.  MAIN TANK
 CONSERVATOR TANK
 RADIATORS
 RADIATOR FANS
 SILICA GEL BREATHERS
 BUCHHOLZ RELAY

20. conservator tank is also used for OLTC (on load tap changer). OLTC also
needs oil for its smooth working and for cooling purpose as for transformer .
conservator actually works for oltc
CONSERVATOR TANK FIGURE

21. Radiators are heat exchanger used to transfer thermal energy from one
medium to another for the purpose of cooling and heating.
RADIATOR FIGURE

22. Silica Gel Breather is used to dehydrate the air and remove dust particles of
the air breathed in by the transformer and make sure that the air entering
into the transformer is free from moisture and dust particles
SILICA GEL BREATHER FIGURE

23. In the field of electric power distribution and transmission, a Buchholz
relay is a safety device mounted on some oil-filled power transformers and
reactors, equipped with an external overhead oil reservoir called
a conservator. The Buchholz Relay is used as a protective device sensitive
to the effects of dielectric failure inside the equipment
BUCHHOLZ RELAY FIGURE

24. Radiator fans are used for cooling internal combustion engines.

25. CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER(C.V.T.)
A capacitive voltage transformer (CVT), or capacitive coupled voltage
transformer (CCVT) is a transformer used in power systems to step
down extra high voltage signals and provide a low voltage signal, for
measurement or to operate a protective relay
capacitive voltage transformer

26. An electrical insulator is a material whose internal electric charges do not
flow freely Insulators are used in electrical equipment to support and
separate electrical conductors without allowing current through themselves.
Main insulators used in gss k.g. bas are:
1.Pin type
2.Suspension type

27. CAPACITOR BANK USED FOR POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT

28. A VIEW OF BUS-BAR ARRENGEMENT IN K G BAS GSS :

29. Wave trap is used to communicate between two G.S.S. It traps the
frequency of desired level for communication and sends it to P.L.L.C.
department
WAVE TRAPE FIGURE

30. DC is require in sub station for the operation of various protection and
control system, such as for the operation of relays. The DC voltage require is
generally obtained by converting ac into dc with the use of rectifier ,but for
the continuity of this supply when AC is not available for sometime ,a battery
room is installed at the substation. The battery keeps floating, so in case of
failure of AC the DC supply is not interrupted.
BATTERY ROOM FIGURE