This document provides an overview of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including definitions, common STIs caused by viruses and bacteria, and their symptoms and treatment. It discusses STIs like herpes, HPV, HIV/AIDS, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. The conclusion emphasizes practicing safer sex, having mutually monogamous relationships, knowing your limits, not drinking/doing drugs before sex, and getting tested regularly if at higher risk.

1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) By Abby Siek EDU 160 Human Growth and Development Fall 2011

2. Presentation Outline Definitions Overview of STDs or STIs STIs Caused by Virus STIs Caused by Bacteria Conclusion

3. Definitions Sexually Transmitted infection is a disease that is contracted primarily through sex "Having sex" means any consensual behavior between two or more individuals involving genital contact and bodily penetration. That means oral sex, anal sex, and vaginal sex are all "sex.” All these types of sexual contact can cause an STI Other infrequent transmissions of virus or bacteria

4. Overview of STDs or STIs Among the most common infectious diseases reported in U.S. (19 million infected per year) Affect men, women and kids of all ages or SES Increasingly common due to people becoming sexual active at a younger age, having more partners, and taking fewer preventative methods People can have and transmit without symptoms Long term consequences can be very severe

5. STIs Caused By Virus Genital Herpes Genital Warts or Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

6. Properties Of Virus Obligate parasite; infects other cells to replicate; hijacks host enzyme systems Very small, 20 to 450 nm long Proteins form a protective ‘shell’ called a capsid surrounding genetic core (either RNA or DNA) Cannot synthesize proteins and lack enzymes for most metabolic processes, rely on host cell Minor infections (Rhinovirus = common cold) Major infections (Enterovirus = Polio)

7. Virus Structure Influenza Virus HPV

8. Genital Herpes 44 million infections with 22% of Population (+) 500,000 new cases reported each year Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 Recurrent sores on the skin, mouth, lips, eyes, and genitals. Can transmit to fetus: Neonatal Herpes Latency in dorsal root ganglia (nerve cells) Contagious even when asymptomatic Symptom treatment is with antivirals, but no cure Condoms will not always protect you

9. Genital Herpes

10. Genital Warts or HPV More than 60 serotypes, some linked with cancer (i.e. cervical cancer), 50% population Most people have NO symptoms, immune system clears Wart is a hyperplasia (finger-like projections) Approx. 1 million new cases each year Treatment is with antivirals Recommendation for new HPV vaccines to protect against cancer-causing strains Girls: Age 11-12 or 13-26, Boys: Age 9-26

11. AIDS and HIV Immune system’s ability to control infectious or malignant disorders is destroyed Relentless production of HIV proteins, elimination of host cells, destruction of i.s., and death Onset: mild flu like symptoms, Latent: 8-10 or more years w/o symptoms, Final: AIDs appears ARC: AIDs related complex AIDs cocktail: Combo of 3 enzyme inhibitors Prevention: Condoms, Education and Vaccine

12. STIs Caused By Bacteria Gonorrheal Urethritis or ‘Gonorrhea’ Chlamydia Trachomatis or ‘Chlamydia’ Treponema Pallidum or ‘Syphilis’

13. Properties of Bacteria Prokaryotes = No nucleus, mostly unicellular Complex, with cell membrane and/or cell wall, organelles and extra cellular projections Variety of shapes, sizes and arrangements Cocci (round), bacilli (rod-like), and helical forms Bacteria are everywhere!! Ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body

14. Bacteria Structure Why the color difference? Staphylococcus Aureus Clostridium Botulinum

15. Gonorrhea Gonococcal Urethritis from N. Gonorrhoeae Urethritis = inflammation of urethra Males: Painful urination Females: Discharge, abnormal bleeding or pain Can lead to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Treat with antibiotics (Penicillin or Ciprofloxacin) Shows increasing antibiotic resistance Prevention with responsible sex practices and condom use

16. Neisseria Gonorrhoeae DIAGNOSTIC

17. Chlamydia Non-Gonorrhea Urethritis from C. Trachomatis Obligate intracellular bacteria, co-infection Asymptomatic carriers (50-67% of affected) Can lead to PID and/or infertility in women Clear discharge Less pain and irritation than Gonorrhea If positive, screen for Gonorrhea and vice versa Treatment with antibiotics

18. Chlamydia Diagnosis Positive Direct FA

19. Syphilis Caused by GN spirochete, Treponema Pallidum Cannot be cultured, elicits little immune response Stages Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Symptoms are sores (chancre), skin rash, malaise, fever, lesions Latency period can last years Quaternary syphilis can cause dementia or death Treatment with antibiotics (injection) Easy to treat in early stages Prevention with responsible sex practices and avoidance of direct contact with infected individual

20. Syphilis Chancre Secondary Syphilis

21. A Not So Funny Cartoon

22. Conclusions Practice Safer Sex Every Time You Have Sex Have Sex Only in Mutually Monogamous Relationships Note: You are having sex with everyone they are Know Your Limits and Be Comfortable Saying ‘No’ Don’t Drink or Use Drugs Before Having Sex Be Responsible for Your Own Protection and Education Get real about abstinence. 95% of Americans will engage in Premarital Sex with at least one partner If you are at higher risk, Get Tested Regularly, and Encourage Your Partners to Do the Same

23. Final Thought If you are Sexually Active, be Sexually Proactive ! Questions?