fight against germs

1. STI/STD
OBGYN LUMHS
Jamshoro.

2. STI/STD
• Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
are infections transmitted from an infected
person to an uninfected person through sexual
contact.
• STI stands for sexually transmitted infection.
• Sometimes an STI is referred to as an STD, a
sexually transmitted disease.
• An STI is a disease that is passed from one person
to another through sexual activity.
• Some STIs can be transmitted through nonsexual
means as well.

3. causes of STI
• STIs, like other diseases, are caused by
microscopic organisms that are not normally
in your body.
• They can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or
parasites.

4. Importance of STI
• STIs can cause a variety of symptoms, from
discomfort, to permanent bodily damage, to
death.
• AIDS, an STI, is the leading cause of death
worldwide among those age 15-59.
• STIs can be passed from a pregnant mother to
her child.

5. Bacterial STIs

6. Chlamydia
• Caused by the bacterium Chlamydia
trachomatis. (note: bacterium is the singular
form of bacteria)
• Symptoms (primarily in males, appear 1-3
weeks after infection):
– genital discharge
– painful urination.
• Can be cured with antibiotics.

7. Chlamydia
• Can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease,
which can cause infertility in women.
• 3 million new cases a year (the most common
bacterial STI).
This is a picture of the bacteria that cause chlamydia, taken using a
light microscope.

8. Gonorrhea
• Caused by the bacterium Neisseria
gonorrhoeae.
• Symptoms (primarily in males, appear 1 to 14
days after infection):
– genital discharge
– painful urination.
• Can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, which
can cause infertility in women.
• Can be cured with antibiotics.

9. Gonorrhea
This is a picture of the bacteria that cause gonorrhea, taken using an electron
microscope.

10. Syphilis
• Caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.
• Develops in three stages over several years:
1. (3-4 weeks after infection) a sore forms near genitalia or near
the mouth.
2. (2-6 months after infection) a red rash forms on the face
hands, or feet.
3. (later) serious brain and heart complications.
• Can be cured with antibiotics, but any damage
done to the body cannot be reversed.

11. Syphilis
These images show symptoms associated with the various stages of syphilis.
The picture on the left shows a sore associated with primary syphilis. The
picture in the middle shows a rash associated with secondary syphilis. The
picture on the right shows damage to the leg resulting from tertiary (late stage)
syphilis.

12. Viral STIs

13. AIDS
• Caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
• Symptoms (do not emerge for several years):
– Fatigue
– rapid weight loss
– night sweats
– whitish coating on the tongue
– purplish growths on the skin.
• HIV attacks the immune system, makes susceptible
to other infections and diseases.
• Antiviral drugs can slow the progress of the disease,
but they cannot cure an infected person.

14. AIDS
• The patient has oral hairy leukoplakia, which is
caused by a different virus. People with AIDS
becoem more succeptible to this and other
infections, because AIDS attacks their immune
systems.

15. Genital Herpes
• Caused by herpes simplex virus type 2.
• Symptoms include blisters and sores in the
genital region that last for 1 or 2 weeks.
• Symptoms can disappear for long periods, but
the virus never leaves the body.
• Antiviral drugs can help control outbreaks of
symptoms, but cannot cure an infected
person.

16. • Caused by the hepatitis B virus.
• Symptoms:
– yellow skin
– Fever
– loss of appetite
– Tiredness
– joint pain.
• Can cause severe liver damage.
• Can be prevented with a vaccine.
Hepatitis B

17. Hepatitis B
• About 90% of adults who are infected with
hepatitis will have no symptoms and will be
cured automatically.
• The other 10% develop a chronic infection
that cannot be cured.

18. Hepatitis B
The patient on the right has a distended abdomen
from a chronic hepatitis B infection.

19. Human papillomavirus
• Caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).
• Some strains can lead to genital warts
(symptoms usually do not emerge for 1-3
months).
• Some strains can lead to certain cancers.
• Warts are treated by applying a drug to the
skin or by freezing the warts.

20. Parasitic STIs

21. Pubic Lice
• Caused by the insect Phthirus pubis.
• Symptoms:
– itching in the genital region
– visible lice or eggs.

22. Scabies
• Caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei (related
to the spider)
• Symptoms:
– Itching
– rash.
• Cured with insecticides

23. Trichomoniasis
• Caused by the parasitic protozoan
Trichomonas vaginalis.
• Symptoms (usually occur only in females):
– genital discharge
– itching.
Can be cured with drugs.

24. Are all STIs be cured?
• No. If an STI is caused by a bacterium or a
parasite, it can usually be cured. If it is caused
by a virus, though, it cannot usually be cured.

25. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Sores or bumps on the genitals or in the oral or rectal
area
• Painful or burning urination
• Discharge from the penis
• Unusual or odorous vaginal discharge
• Unusual vaginal bleeding
• Pain during sex
• Sore, swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the groin but
sometimes more widespread
• Lower abdominal pain
• Fever
• Rash over the trunk, hands or feet

26. Risk Factor
• Having unprotected sex
• Having a history of sexual contact with
multiple partners.
• Misuse of alcohol or use of recreational drugs.
• Injecting drugs
• Teenage

27. DIAGNOSIS
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
• Urine test for males and females
• If symptoms present, swabs may be done
Trichomoniasis
• Diagnosed by taking a sample of vaginal discharge
Genital warts (HPV)
• Diagnosed by visual examination
Herpes
• Usually diagnosed by sight, and by history
• A swab of the lesion can be taken to confirm virus
Hepatitis B, C, Syphilis and HIV
• Diagnosed by blood tests

28. COMPLICATIONS
• Because many people in the early stages of
an STD or STI experience no symptoms, screening
for STIs is important to prevent complications.
• Possible complications include:
• Pelvic pain
• Pregnancy complications
• Eye inflammation
• Arthritis
• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Infertility
• Heart disease
• Certain cancers, such as HPV-associated cervical and
rectal cancers

29. What is the 100 %
effective way of
preventing STI’s pregnancy

30. ABSTINENCE

31. Abstinence
• Sexual abstinence means to abstain from
different levels of sexual activity.
• Stay with one uninfected partner.
• Get vaccinated.
• Don't drink alcohol excessively or use drugs.
• Consider male circumcision. there's evidence
that circumcision can help reduce the risk of
acquiring HIV from a woman with HIV by as much
as 60%. Male circumcision may also help prevent
transmission of genital HPV and genital herpes.