This document provides information about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including common types like chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HPV, hepatitis B, herpes, and HIV. It describes how each infection is transmitted and potential symptoms. Testing and treatment options are outlined for bacterial STDs which can generally be cured with antibiotics, and viral STDs which cannot be cured but can be managed with medication. The importance of preventing STDs through abstinence, monogamy, condom use, and getting tested is also discussed.
I Mr. Omkar B. Tipugade, Assistant Professor, Genesis Institute of Pharmacy, Radhanagari. This chapter notes as written as per MSBTE syllabus. Read all notes carefully and all the best for exam and future.
I Mr. Omkar B. Tipugade, Assistant Professor, Genesis Institute of Pharmacy, Radhanagari. This chapter notes as written as per MSBTE syllabus. Read all notes carefully and all the best for exam and future.
STI information with content knowledge of what is important relating to protecting oneself. This is targeted for 16yer old students as teaching support and may contain some graphic pictures.
Group of communicable diseases in which sexual contact is the most important mode of transmission.
Importance:
1. Increasing incidence worldwide.
2. The cost and difficulties in the treatment of the diseases and their complications.
3. It is a socioeconomic problem as well as behavioral one since it is linked to addiction, low level of religious values, increase age of marriage, etc.
Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis, which can damage a woman's reproductive organs. Even though symptoms of chlamydia are usually mild or absent, serious complications that cause irreversible damage, including infertility, can occur "silently" before a woman ever recognizes a problem. Chlamydia also can cause discharge from the penis of an infected man.
How common is chlamydia?Chlamydia is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States. In 2010, 1,307,893 chlamydial infections were reported to CDC from 50 states and the District of Columbia. Under-reporting is substantial because most people with chlamydia are not aware of their infections and do not seek testing. Also, testing is not often done if patients are treated for their symptoms. An estimated 2.8 million infections occur annually in the U.S. Women are frequently re-infected if their sex partners are not treated.
STD is an abbreviated form of Sexually transmitted diseases. The meaning of STD disease is that the disease is imparted to others through sexual contact. Apart from sexual transmission, sexually transmitted diseases are also transferred to other persons in various ways. These are- breastfeeding, sharing of infected needles, etc. There are many diseases under the class of STD, and these can be cured by maintaining proper sexual health and hygiene. The mass awareness of sexually transmitted diseases is necessary for preventing them. Social media, newspapers and journals, television broadcasting, internet sources, and medical campaigning are the ways through which the transmission, symptoms, prevention, and prospective cure of STDs are conveyed to the common people. Examples of sexually transmitted diseases are- AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, etc.
STI information with content knowledge of what is important relating to protecting oneself. This is targeted for 16yer old students as teaching support and may contain some graphic pictures.
Group of communicable diseases in which sexual contact is the most important mode of transmission.
Importance:
1. Increasing incidence worldwide.
2. The cost and difficulties in the treatment of the diseases and their complications.
3. It is a socioeconomic problem as well as behavioral one since it is linked to addiction, low level of religious values, increase age of marriage, etc.
Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis, which can damage a woman's reproductive organs. Even though symptoms of chlamydia are usually mild or absent, serious complications that cause irreversible damage, including infertility, can occur "silently" before a woman ever recognizes a problem. Chlamydia also can cause discharge from the penis of an infected man.
How common is chlamydia?Chlamydia is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States. In 2010, 1,307,893 chlamydial infections were reported to CDC from 50 states and the District of Columbia. Under-reporting is substantial because most people with chlamydia are not aware of their infections and do not seek testing. Also, testing is not often done if patients are treated for their symptoms. An estimated 2.8 million infections occur annually in the U.S. Women are frequently re-infected if their sex partners are not treated.
STD is an abbreviated form of Sexually transmitted diseases. The meaning of STD disease is that the disease is imparted to others through sexual contact. Apart from sexual transmission, sexually transmitted diseases are also transferred to other persons in various ways. These are- breastfeeding, sharing of infected needles, etc. There are many diseases under the class of STD, and these can be cured by maintaining proper sexual health and hygiene. The mass awareness of sexually transmitted diseases is necessary for preventing them. Social media, newspapers and journals, television broadcasting, internet sources, and medical campaigning are the ways through which the transmission, symptoms, prevention, and prospective cure of STDs are conveyed to the common people. Examples of sexually transmitted diseases are- AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, etc.
SEXUAL TRANSMITTED DISEASES by radhika kulvi , msc nursingRadhika kulvi
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) — or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) — are generally acquired by sexual contact. The bacteria, viruses or parasites that cause sexually transmitted diseases may pass from person to person in blood, semen, or vaginal and other bodily fluids. Sometimes these infections can be transmitted nonsexually, such as from mothers to their infants during pregnancy or childbirth, or through blood transfusions or shared needles. STIs don't always cause symptoms. It's possible to contract sexually transmitted infections from people who seem perfectly healthy and may not even know they have an infection.
DEFINITION: A disease caused by infection with certain bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms that can be passed from one person to another through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or other body fluids, during oral, anal, or genital sex with an infected partner. These diseases can also be spread through sharing needles, blood transfusions, breastfeeding, or from an infected mother to an infant during pregnancy and childbirth.
Global Medical Cures™ | Womens health - Sexually Transmitted InfectionsGlobal Medical Cures™
Global Medical Cures™ | Womens health - Sexually Transmitted Infections
Lowering risk of sexually transmitted infections, symptoms to look out for, understanding treatment, and dealing with diagnosis.
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
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2. Introduction
Sexually transmitted diseases (STD), also referred to
as sexually transmitted infections (STI) and venereal
diseases (VD), are illnesses that have a significant
probability of transmission between humans by means of
sexual behaviour, including vaginal intercourse, anal sex
and oral sex.
Some STIs can also be contracted by using drug needles
after their use by an infected person, as well as through
any incident involving the contact of a wound with
contaminated blood or through childbirth or
breastfeeding.
3. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
(STDs)
Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) are diseases
passed from one person to another during sexual
activity.
STDs can be serious, painful and may have long
term effects, especially if left undetected and
untreated.
They infect your sexual and reproductive organs.
4. The symptoms
Sores (either painful or painless)
Blood in urine
Burning sensation when urinating
Rashes
Itching
wart
Unusual discharge
5. Most common STDs:
Bacterial: STDs like chlamydia, gonorrhea and
syphilis, are relatively easy to cure with antibiotics if
detected and treated.
Viral: Genital herpes, genital warts, Hepatitis B and
HIV are viral infections that cannot be cured, but the
symptoms can be treated and managed.
Parasites: Crab louse- known as crabs or pubic lice.
7. What is it? How do
you get it?
How do you know
you have it?
Testing and
Treatment
A sexually transmitted
infection caused by the
bacteria Chlamydia
trachomatis.
You can get it through
unprotected oral, vaginal, or
anal sex.
70% of women and 10% of
men have no symptoms.
Women may notice: more
vaginal discharge or
itchiness, bleeding between
periods or during sex, lower
abdominal pain, or pain
during intercourse or while
urinating.
Men may notice: discharge
from the penis, burning
during urination, itching
around the opening of the
penis, or pain in the testicles.
You can be tested through a
simple urine test or a swab
taken during a Pap test
(females only).
Chlamydia is cured by one
dose of antibiotics, but takes
about 7days to clear the
infection. It is important not
to have sex while the cure is
working because you may
infect your partner or
become re-infected yourself.
Your partner(s) will need to
be tested and treated for
chlamydia also.
8.
9. What is it? How do
you get it?
How do you know
you have it?
Testing and
Treatment
A sexually transmitted
infection caused by the
bacteria Neisseria
gonorrhoeae.
You can get it through
unprotected oral, vaginal or
anal sex. It can infect the
penis, rectum, throat, eyes,
and cervix.
You may have this infection
and not even know it.
Women may notice an
increase in vaginal
discharge, bleeding between
periods, bleeding or pain
during sex, pain in the
abdomen or pain while
urinating.
Men may notice burning
while urinating, thick
greenish-yellow discharge
from the penis or pain in the
testicles.
You can be tested through a
simple urine test or a swab
taken during a Pap test
(females only).
It is cured by one dose of
antibiotics, but takes about
7days to clear the infection.
It is important not to have
sex while the cure is working
because you may infect your
partner or become re-
infected yourself. Your
partner(s) will need to be
tested and treated for
chlamydia also.
12. What is it? How do
you get it?
How do you know
you have it?
Testing and
Treatment
A sexually transmitted
infection caused by the
bacteria Treponema
palladium.
You can get it through
unprotected oral, vaginal or
anal sex.
The first symptom of syphilis
is a chancre (painless sore)
at the point of infection.
Stage two is usually a rash
on the body, especially on
the hands and feet.
Stage three may last 20-30
years and can cause
damage of the heart, brain,
and other organs, it may also
eventually cause death.
You can be tested through a
special blood test.
Syphilis is treated with
antibiotics, usually penicillin.
Once you have been
treated, you need to get a
blood test to make sure you
have been cured. Your
sexual partner(s) will also
need to be tested and
treated.
13. Syphilis
Contagious, STD caused
by spirochete –
Treponema pallidum
Primary, Secondary,
Tertiary
Neuropathy
Heart failure
Blindness
Memory loss
Insanity
Death
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
16. What is it? How do
you get it?
How do you know
you have it?
Testing and
Treatment
A sexually transmitted viral
infection caused by the
Human Papillomavirus.
It may cause genital warts or
lead to cervical cancer. You
can get it through
unprotected oral, vaginal, or
anal sex or from sexual
activities with skin-to-skin
contact.
You can pass on this virus
without even knowing that
you have it.
If infected, it may cause
warts on the genitals or
rectum that look like flesh
coloured cauliflower. It may
also cause itchiness,
discomfort and/or bleeding
during sex.
A doctor or nurse can
diagnose warts by looking at
them. The virus may cause
changes to the cervix and be
checked during a Pap test
(females).
Treatment includes burning,
freezing or surgically
removing the warts. A special
doctor (gynecologist) may
follow-up with you if there
are changes to your cervix
(females).
18. What is it? How do
you get it?
How do you know
you have it?
Testing and
Treatment
A viral infection that
damages the liver. It can be
transmitted through the
exchange of bodily fluids
(semen, vaginal fluid, blood).
You can get it through
unprotected oral, vaginal, or
anal sex or through exposure
to blood or blood products.
Hepatitis B infection may
cause you to feel tired or
have pain in your abdomen.
You may have nausea and
vomiting and/or fever and
chills.
You may also notice that
your skin or the whites of
your eyes look yellowish.
Your urine and stool may
look a strange colour.
You may also have no
symptoms at all.
You can be tested through a
special blood test.
Most people with this virus
can fight it off with rest and
healthy lifestyle changes
within 6 months. While you
are actively infected, you can
pass it on to others. After
your body has fought off the
infection, you are protected
from ever getting the virus
again and from passing it on
to others.
19.
20. What is it? How do
you get it?
How do you know
you have it?
Testing and
Treatment
This viral infection is caused
by the herpes simplex virus
(types 1 and 2).
You can get it through direct
oral, vaginal, or anal sex or
from skin-to-skin contact. If
infected you can get sores
that return weeks, months,
or years later. You may get
this virus in your eyes, mouth
or genitals.
Not all people infected with
herpes will develop
symptoms.
If symptoms do develop,
they will begin with a tingling
or burning sensation on the
skin, turning into blisters and
sores. During the outbreak,
you may also feel like you
have the flu with fever,
muscular pain and tender
lymph nodes.
A doctor or nurse can check
the sores and take swabs of
the fluid in the sores to
diagnose the infection.
A herpes infection cannot be
cured but it can be managed.
Medications (antivirals) can
help prevent outbreaks of
blisters and sores or reduce
the length of time that you
have them.
23. What is it? How do
you get it?
How do you know
you have it?
Testing and
Treatment
HIV is the virus that causes
AIDS and attacks your
immune system, leaving it
vulnerable to other
infections.
You can get the virus
through an exchange of
blood, vaginal fluid, semen
and breast milk. It cannot be
passed on through touching,
hugging, kissing or other
casual contact.
You may have this virus
without having any
symptoms for years. You
may develop mild flu-like
symptoms 2-4 weeks after
being infected.
Once the immune system is
weakened, you may develop:
frequent fever or sweats,
skin rashes, swollen glands,
sore throat, fatigue,
headaches, rapid
unexplained weight loss, and
nausea/vomiting and
diarrhea.
You can be tested through a
special blood test. However,
it takes 3 months for the
infection to be detectable.
HIV cannot be cured and
may lead to AIDS. Treatment
for the infection is different
for everyone, but includes
medications called
antiretrovirals and
medications to prevent other
infections from harming the
person.
24.
25.
26. Pubic Lice
Parasitic insects in genital area
Common and worldwide.
Spread through sex contact only.
Infection may indicate sexual activity.
27. Prevention Of STD’s And STI’s
1. Counseling and behavioral interventions offer primary
prevention against STIs (including HIV), as well as against
unintended pregnancies.
2. Comprehensive sexuality education, STI and HIV pre- and
post-test counseling.
3. Safer sex/risk-reduction counseling, condom promotion.
4. Think about your alcohol and drug use.
29. If an infection is detected, it is recommended that
the infected individual and their partner(s) abstain
from sexual activity until treatment is complete,
symptoms have subsided, and the infection is cured
(when applicable).
30. Remember:
3 million teens contract an STD each year
– some of which have no cure, are a
leading cause of cervical cancer or can
even lead to infertility.
31. Why should we worry on all these if
our sex partner is a healthy person?
A microbe non-pathogenic to a person may be
pathogenic on another.!
32. Why should we worry of all these, if we
use condoms?
33. Are condoms safe?
Absolutely NOT…!
Using condoms to
prevent AIDS is like
playing Russian
Roulette
According to US
Centre for Disease
Control, failure rate
is 10-30%
35. If sperms can escape, how much easier for
STDs and Viruses?
“The HIV virus is 50 times smaller than the
sperm and 50 times smaller than the voids in
rubber. Virus can easily pass through condom.”
- Dr. C.M. Ronanld, Editor, Rubber Chemistry and Technology
36.
37. If we know that if we start the car and it has a
50% chance of exploding and killing whoever is
inside, Will we start the engine?
What about 10% chance?
38. Teen Years
•A time to study and learn.
•Think about what I will do in the future.
•To develop friendship.
•To grow into the kind of person you want to
be in the future.