شرحت في هذا الملف نظرية ذات الحدين المتعلقة بإيجاد صيغة عامة لتبسيط أي مقدار جبري رياضي ذو حدين مرفوعين لأس معين.
أول واضع لهذه النظرية هو العالم المسلم (عمر خيام) المولود فيما بين 1038 و 1048 م، المتوفى فيها ما بين 1123 و 1124 م، بعمر ناهز 83 عاما، قضى اكتشافات رياضية كثيرة، لكن للأسف أن غالبها مفقود.
اسم النظرية بالإنجليزية: (Binomial theorem)
شرحت في هذا الملف نظرية ذات الحدين المتعلقة بإيجاد صيغة عامة لتبسيط أي مقدار جبري رياضي ذو حدين مرفوعين لأس معين.
أول واضع لهذه النظرية هو العالم المسلم (عمر خيام) المولود فيما بين 1038 و 1048 م، المتوفى فيها ما بين 1123 و 1124 م، بعمر ناهز 83 عاما، قضى اكتشافات رياضية كثيرة، لكن للأسف أن غالبها مفقود.
اسم النظرية بالإنجليزية: (Binomial theorem)
1. Physics is the branch of science that deals with the study of matter, energy, and their interaction. It includes various sub-fields like mechanics, electromagnetism, optics, nuclear physics, atomic physics, geophysics, astrophysics, and thermodynamics.
2. Fundamental physics quantities include length, mass, time, temperature, amount of substance, electric current, and luminous intensity. Derived quantities include speed, acceleration, force, work, power, momentum, and others.
3. Vectors represent physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction, while scalars only have magnitude. Vectors can be added and subtracted using the head-to-tail rule.
This document is the table of contents for a book on English grammar titled "Essentials of English Grammar" by Sanai Habib Muhammad. It lists 17 chapters that will cover topics such as parts of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives), tenses (present, past, future), conditional sentences, and more. The purpose of the book is to provide students with the necessary foundational knowledge of English grammar and vocabulary.
Pakistan is facing a serious electricity crisis as demand for electricity is growing at 9% annually while supply is only increasing at 7%. This is causing regular load shedding. The key causes of the crisis are theft and mismanagement of funds, aging equipment, failure to utilize domestic coal resources, wastage of energy, and high fuel costs. The effects include increased unemployment, impacts on education, and negative effects on industries. Proposed remedies include enforcing laws against theft and corruption, developing renewable energy sources, and promoting more efficient devices to reduce energy consumption.
This document describes a system to detect electrical power theft using GSM technology. It discusses using an Arduino, GSM modem, current transformer, and other hardware components to detect unauthorized electricity usage. If power theft is detected, the system will send an alert message via the GSM modem to notify authorities. The document provides details on the hardware implementation, including how each component works and is integrated into the system. The goal is to help reduce power losses and costs due to theft on the electrical distribution lines.
This document proposes two systems for detecting power theft: 1) In distribution lines, a relay system would detect theft by measuring currents and tripping a circuit if I1 does not equal I2+I3, indicating unauthorized tapping. 2) In domestic energy meters, two transformers connected to the supply and load could detect theft by measuring a voltage on their primaries only when an unauthorized load is connected before the meter. The goal is to provide a simple, real-time way to detect theft without human interference by monitoring current and voltage differentials.
This document provides an introduction to the topic of child labor in Tharparkar district, Sindh, Pakistan. It begins with background information on Tharparkar, describing its location, demographics, culture, and livelihoods which are dependent on rain-fed agriculture and livestock. It then outlines the structure of the research, which aims to study child labor on Tharparkar farms and khadi estates to determine if these activities violate children's rights. The introduction establishes the context for further investigation into the causes and impacts of child labor in the region.
Research On Water scarcity and other problems of water.Aneel-k Suthar
This document summarizes research on water scarcity and related problems in Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan. The key points are:
1. Tharparkar district has a population of over 900,000 people spread across 2,200 square kilometers and includes desert and semi-desert areas. Rainfall is limited and droughts occur every 4-5 years, putting pressure on water sources.
2. Groundwater is highly saline and many water sources are non-functional due to technical, social, and economic issues. Most residents spend 4-6 hours collecting water from dug wells.
3. The research objectives are to investigate sources of pure water, the effects of hand pump water,
NTDC 220kV Transmission gird station Internship reportAneel-k Suthar
This document provides an overview of Anil Kumar's internship report on the 220/132 kV grid station in Jamshoro-T.M. Khan Road. It includes acknowledgements, an executive summary, and sections on the grid station, one-line diagram, bus bar, switches, relays, transformers, and maintenance. The grid station regulates and controls power flow and supplies electricity to substations. It uses a double bus one and a half breaker scheme, which improves reliability over other schemes by allowing maintenance without power interruptions.
National Transmission And Dispatch Company (NTDC)Aneel-k Suthar
1. NTDC presented on its current transmission system, future plans, bottlenecks, and key performance indicators.
2. NTDC's transmission system has expanded significantly since 1980, with transmission line length and substation capacity growing each year to keep up with increasing electricity demand.
3. NTDC outlined numerous ongoing and planned transmission projects through 2020 to further expand the system and address future challenges of meeting rising peak demand projections. Key bottlenecks like insufficient generation capacity were also discussed.
This document contains a practical work book for a power system analysis course. It includes 10 experiments on topics like analysis of three phase star and delta connected systems under balanced and unbalanced loads, demonstration of the single phase equivalent of a three phase star connected network, simulation of three phase short circuits using MATLAB, selection of circuit breakers for three phase faults, and analysis of transients in power systems. The experiments are designed to help students learn and apply concepts related to power system modeling, analysis, and protection.
This document summarizes the internship experience of the authors at the Lucky Cement plant. It acknowledges those who helped make the internship possible, including managers who provided assistance and workers who shared their technical knowledge. The authors are grateful for the opportunity to gain practical experience that supplemented their university studies. They learned about various departments at the plant including limestone crushing, grinding, calcination, clinker production, coal grinding, cement milling, and packing.
3. CHAPTER # 01
SET: (CLASS OR AGREEMENT)
The concept of a set is fundamental in all branches of mathematics.
“The well-defined collection of distinct objects”.
Objects are called elements or members or points of a set.
Introduced by George cantor in 19 century.(to investigate the theory of infinite
series)
Capital letters of English alphabet are used to denote sets.
Small letters of English alphabet are used as element or member of a set.
The symbol
All members are closed n braces (Curly bracket { } ).
All members are separated by Comma “,”.
1. What is set?
A set is a well defined collection of distinct objects which are called elements.
The sets are usually denoted by capital letters A, B ,C……………X, Y, Z.
Elements are denoted by a, b, c ……x, y, z.
1.1 Some Important Set of Number
Following notation will be used for sets of numbers :
Set of Natural numbers : N= {1,2,3,…..}
Set of Whole numbers : W= {0,1,2,3,……}
Set of Integer :