The document provides an introduction to a course on mobile communication networks. It outlines the course topics which include an overview of wireless systems and fundamentals, WiFi, WiMAX, Bluetooth, 2G, 3G and 4G mobile networks. It also discusses the evolution of mobile communication technologies from 1G to 5G networks and the transition from analog to digital systems. The assessment criteria includes a final exam, midterm exam and individual coursework assignments.
This document provides an overview of the ECE5XX course on Principles of Digital Communications Systems. The course aims to provide a comprehensive coverage of digital communication theory and design at a graduate level. The first half will cover theoretical foundations, and the second half will cover advanced techniques. Key topics include optimal receiver design, signaling, multiple access techniques like CDMA and OFDM, and MIMO systems. Students are expected to understand digital communication principles and design optimal receivers. Evaluation will be based on exams, assignments, a project, and a paper presentation.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and the Internet. It discusses how networks allow computers to communicate and exchange information. It describes different types of computer networks like local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and personal area networks (PANs). The document also explains how the Internet functions as a network of networks that connects millions of devices worldwide using common protocols. It provides details on how data is encapsulated and transmitted across the different layers of the TCP/IP protocol stack from physical to application layers.
The document provides an overview of information systems and networking concepts. It discusses client/server architecture and how processing is shared between clients and servers. It also describes the network layer model and how data is packaged and routed. Additionally, it covers local area networks, wireless networks, and the Internet as a network of networks that connects computers globally.
Early Mobile Telephone System Architecture.docxPaulMuthenya
This document discusses several key aspects of cellular network architecture and technology:
- Traditional mobile networks used one powerful transmitter, while cellular networks use many low-power transmitters divided into cells to increase capacity and allow handoffs between transmitters.
- Modern networks divide both rural and urban areas into cells using specific deployment guidelines.
- Mobile networks employ different multiple access techniques including FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA to allow multiple users to access the network simultaneously.
Wireless communication technologies allow for mobility and flexibility through radio signals rather than wired connections. They include technologies like Bluetooth, WiFi, wireless LANs and MANs that enable applications such as video conferencing, telemedicine, and distance learning. Common wireless standards are IEEE 802.11 for WiFi and IEEE 802.16 for WiMax. Wireless networks face challenges of limited spectrum availability, lower bandwidth and higher delays compared to wired networks. Emerging wireless technologies are expanding connectivity and access to services for more users.
Lec 1(Introduction to Computer Networks & internet)maamir farooq
This document provides an overview of a Computer Networks course. It discusses key topics that will be covered, including addressing, protocols, routing, and error detection. It lists required textbooks and reference books. The course will include quizzes, assignments, midterms and a final exam. Students must attend at least 75% of lectures and read materials before each class. Passing requires a minimum 40% score and an A+ requires a 75% or higher overall.
This document provides an overview of a lecture on data communication and computer networks. It defines key concepts like data communication, components of a communication system, transmission modes (simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex), characteristics of networks, types of networks (LAN, MAN, WAN), applications of networks, and a brief history of the Internet and World Wide Web. The document is presented as part of a lecture on introduction to computer networks.
This document provides an overview of the ECE5XX course on Principles of Digital Communications Systems. The course aims to provide a comprehensive coverage of digital communication theory and design at a graduate level. The first half will cover theoretical foundations, and the second half will cover advanced techniques. Key topics include optimal receiver design, signaling, multiple access techniques like CDMA and OFDM, and MIMO systems. Students are expected to understand digital communication principles and design optimal receivers. Evaluation will be based on exams, assignments, a project, and a paper presentation.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and the Internet. It discusses how networks allow computers to communicate and exchange information. It describes different types of computer networks like local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and personal area networks (PANs). The document also explains how the Internet functions as a network of networks that connects millions of devices worldwide using common protocols. It provides details on how data is encapsulated and transmitted across the different layers of the TCP/IP protocol stack from physical to application layers.
The document provides an overview of information systems and networking concepts. It discusses client/server architecture and how processing is shared between clients and servers. It also describes the network layer model and how data is packaged and routed. Additionally, it covers local area networks, wireless networks, and the Internet as a network of networks that connects computers globally.
Early Mobile Telephone System Architecture.docxPaulMuthenya
This document discusses several key aspects of cellular network architecture and technology:
- Traditional mobile networks used one powerful transmitter, while cellular networks use many low-power transmitters divided into cells to increase capacity and allow handoffs between transmitters.
- Modern networks divide both rural and urban areas into cells using specific deployment guidelines.
- Mobile networks employ different multiple access techniques including FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA to allow multiple users to access the network simultaneously.
Wireless communication technologies allow for mobility and flexibility through radio signals rather than wired connections. They include technologies like Bluetooth, WiFi, wireless LANs and MANs that enable applications such as video conferencing, telemedicine, and distance learning. Common wireless standards are IEEE 802.11 for WiFi and IEEE 802.16 for WiMax. Wireless networks face challenges of limited spectrum availability, lower bandwidth and higher delays compared to wired networks. Emerging wireless technologies are expanding connectivity and access to services for more users.
Lec 1(Introduction to Computer Networks & internet)maamir farooq
This document provides an overview of a Computer Networks course. It discusses key topics that will be covered, including addressing, protocols, routing, and error detection. It lists required textbooks and reference books. The course will include quizzes, assignments, midterms and a final exam. Students must attend at least 75% of lectures and read materials before each class. Passing requires a minimum 40% score and an A+ requires a 75% or higher overall.
This document provides an overview of a lecture on data communication and computer networks. It defines key concepts like data communication, components of a communication system, transmission modes (simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex), characteristics of networks, types of networks (LAN, MAN, WAN), applications of networks, and a brief history of the Internet and World Wide Web. The document is presented as part of a lecture on introduction to computer networks.
The document discusses 3G vs 4G mobile technology. It provides an overview of 1G and 2G networks, and then defines 3G as the third generation of wireless technology focused on faster services like voice, fax and internet. It outlines some key differences between 1G, 2G and 3G. The document then discusses benefits and issues with 3G, before defining 4G as the successor to 3G focused on being entirely packet-switched with higher bandwidth up to 100Mbps. Key features of 4G networks are listed such as being IP-based and supporting new multimedia services. Challenges to deploying 4G like accessing different networks and providing terminal mobility are also summarized.
This document outlines the topics that will be covered in a wireless communications and networks course. The course will begin with an overview of network models and physical layer concepts. It will then cover data transmission methods, multiplexing, and transmission media. The data link layer, wireless communications introduction, and wireless networking protocols will also be discussed. Later sections will focus on wireless communication technology, including antennas, signal encoding, spread spectrum, and coding/error control. The document concludes by detailing the topics that will be covered relating to wireless local area networks, standards, and Internet/web resources.
Your healthcare provider usually diagnoses goiter when they perform a physical examination and feel that you have an enlarged thyroid. However, the presence of a goiter indicates that there’s an issue with your thyroid gland. They’ll need to figure out what the issue is.
Your provider can use several tests to diagnose and evaluate goiter, including the following:
Physical exam: Your provider may be able to tell if your thyroid gland is enlarged by feeling your neck area for nodules and signs of tenderness.
Thyroid blood test: This blood test measures thyroid hormone levels, which reveal if your thyroid is working properly.
Antibody test: This blood test looks for certain antibodies that are produced in some forms of goiter. An antibody is a protein made by white blood cells. Antibodies help defend against invaders (for example, viruses) that cause disease or infection in your body.
Thyroid ultrasound: Ultrasound is a procedure that sends high-frequency sound waves through body tissues. The echoes are recorded and transformed into video or photos. Your provider can “see” your thyroid to check its size and if it has nodules.
rule out cancer.
Thyroid uptake and scan: This imaging test provides information on the size and function of your thyroid. In this test, a small amount of radioactive material is injected into a vein to produce an image of your thyroid on a computer screen. Providers don’t order this test very often, since it’s only useful in certain circumstances.
CT scan or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of your thyroid: If the goiter is very large or spreads into your chest, a CT scan or MRI is used to measure the size and spread of the goiter.
Management and Treatment
Do goiters go away on their own?
A simple goiter may happen for only a short time and may go away on its own without treatment.
Many goiters, such as multinodular goiter, are associated with normal levels of thyroid hormone. These goiters usually don’t require any specific treatment after your healthcare provider has diagnosed it. However, you may be at risk of developing hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism in the future.
If you have an enlarged thyroid gland, it’s still important to see your healthcare provider since goiters have multiple possible causes — some of which require treatment.
How is goiter treated?
Treatment for goiter depends on how large your thyroid has grown, symptoms and what caused it. Treatments include:
No treatment/"watchful waiting": If the goiter is small and isn’t bothering you, your healthcare provider may decide that it doesn’t need to be treated. However, they’ll carefully monitor your thyroid for any changes.
Medications: Levothyroxine (Levothroid®, Synthroid®) is a thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Your provider will likely If you have an enlarged thyroid gland, it’s still important to see your healthcare provider since goiters have multiple possible causes — some of which require treatment.
How is goiter treated?
Treatment for goiter depend
This document provides an overview of topics related to data communication and computer networks that will be covered in an upcoming lecture. It discusses the network edge including different types of access networks like DSL, cable, wireless, and enterprise networks. It also discusses physical media used to transmit data like twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and radio. The document outlines the structure of the network core and how packets are routed from node to node through packet switching. Key concepts covered include transmission rates, store-and-forward routing, and end-to-end delay calculations.
Multi-hop Wireless Networks (MHWNs):
It is defined as a collection of nodes that communicate with each other wirelessly by using radio signals with a shared common channel.
Introduction to Computer Networking CYSE230killerbladex15
The document provides an overview of topics to be covered in an introduction to computer networking course, including what the Internet is, network protocols, the structure of the network edge and core, performance metrics, layering and security. It outlines key concepts like hosts, access networks, packet switching, and routing. The goal is to help students understand networking terminology and approach the topics by using the Internet as a main example.
The document summarizes networking and telecommunication topics, including:
1) The basics of computer networks including hardware, software, and people connecting computers locally and remotely.
2) Common network components like network interface cards, modems, and protocols that establish communication standards.
3) Types of networks including local area networks (LANs) within a building and wide area networks (WANs) connecting multiple sites over long distances.
4) Interpersonal communication technologies like email, teleconferencing, and instant messaging that allow synchronous and asynchronous interactions.
5) Converging technologies including online services, fax, voice mail, video conferencing, and digital payment systems.
The document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It discusses the evolution of networking from ARPANET to the modern Internet. It then covers networking terminology like bandwidth, data transfer rates, wired and wireless transmission media. The document also describes common network devices, topologies, protocols and standards like TCP/IP, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, LAN, WAN etc. It provides details on network switching techniques, email protocols, and other fundamental concepts in computer networking.
- The document discusses key concepts in wireless technologies including wireless transmission fundamentals, global cellular networks, broadband wireless, Bluetooth, and future trends such as WiMAX, Mobile-Fi, ZigBee, and Ultrawideband.
- It covers analog and digital signaling and transmission, channel capacity, advantages and disadvantages of wireless communication, and types of wireless communication systems including Bluetooth applications and usage.
Management information system. Computer network , network in large companies. TCP/IP , functions of the modem, types of network , client server vs peer to peer. the internet and the internet technology ,
The document discusses computer networks and network types. It defines a computer network as a set of connected nodes like computers and devices that share resources for communication purposes. Networks allow file sharing, information sharing, and use of shared hardware/software. The document then discusses different types of networks including wired networks using technologies like Ethernet, and wireless networks using technologies like infrared, radio waves, microwave, and satellite communication. It also discusses network devices, switching techniques, and data communication terminologies.
Mobile computing allows users to access computer networks and services while on the move. It enables connectivity anywhere and anytime using portable devices like laptops, smartphones and tablets that have wireless network connections. Mobile computing builds on wireless networking infrastructure to provide network access and remote computational services to users regardless of location. It involves various technologies and standards like GSM that support user and network mobility through wireless cellular networks.
We are living in the smart era of the Internet.
It is achieved through development in data communication, telecommunication and networking.
Collaboration between networking and telecommunication gave birth to the Internet.
Here is a presention about networking and telecommunication.
Wireless communications is a type of data communication that is performed and delivered wirelessly. This is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
↓↓↓↓ Read More:
Watch my videos on snack here: --> --> http://sck.io/x-B1f0Iy
@ Kindly Follow my Instagram Page to discuss about your mental health problems-
-----> https://instagram.com/mentality_streak?utm_medium=copy_link
@ Appreciate my work:
-----> behance.net/burhanahmed1
Thank-you !
A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices that can communicate with each other to share resources and information. These devices can include computers, servers, routers, switches, printers, and more. Networks can vary in size and complexity, from small local networks within a home or office to vast global networks like the internet.
Computer Network its application & network typesMolayChakraBorty
This document is a homework submission for the Computer Networks course. It contains answers to questions about computer networks, their goals, applications, components, and types. The main types discussed are personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). PANs connect devices within 10 meters, LANs within 1 kilometer, MANs cover towns and cities within 50 km, and WANs are used for business, government, and education across large distances.
The document discusses digital footprints and the evolution of communication technologies. It begins by defining a digital footprint as the trail of data left through interactions in the digital world. It then discusses how personal data is collected through various technologies like TVs, phones, internet use, and sensors. This data is dispersed across databases and used for purposes like targeted advertising. The document outlines how communication technologies have evolved from 1G analog networks to 2G digital networks to current 4G networks. It also discusses how communication cells have decreased in size over time to increase bandwidth and user localization as networks transitioned to use smaller microcells, picocells and femtocells. The future may include an all-IP 5G network with shared infrastructure and the
This document provides an overview of wireless communication technologies. It discusses wireless standards including Bluetooth, WiFi, and WiMAX. It describes key concepts such as wireless network architectures, frequency bands, modulation techniques, and multiple access methods. Generations of cellular networks are defined along with their associated data rates. Examples of wireless devices and services are given to illustrate real-world applications of these technologies.
This document provides an introduction to wireless technologies. It discusses wireless communication standards, computer networks, and reference models for network architecture. It covers frequencies and regulations, wireless communication technologies like signals, bandwidth, modulation, and propagation. It describes analog versus digital transmission and examples of each. It also summarizes key wireless systems over time like cellular generations, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WiMAX and wireless telephony. Finally, it discusses electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic spectrum, and considerations around signal propagation and analysis.
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.
The document discusses 3G vs 4G mobile technology. It provides an overview of 1G and 2G networks, and then defines 3G as the third generation of wireless technology focused on faster services like voice, fax and internet. It outlines some key differences between 1G, 2G and 3G. The document then discusses benefits and issues with 3G, before defining 4G as the successor to 3G focused on being entirely packet-switched with higher bandwidth up to 100Mbps. Key features of 4G networks are listed such as being IP-based and supporting new multimedia services. Challenges to deploying 4G like accessing different networks and providing terminal mobility are also summarized.
This document outlines the topics that will be covered in a wireless communications and networks course. The course will begin with an overview of network models and physical layer concepts. It will then cover data transmission methods, multiplexing, and transmission media. The data link layer, wireless communications introduction, and wireless networking protocols will also be discussed. Later sections will focus on wireless communication technology, including antennas, signal encoding, spread spectrum, and coding/error control. The document concludes by detailing the topics that will be covered relating to wireless local area networks, standards, and Internet/web resources.
Your healthcare provider usually diagnoses goiter when they perform a physical examination and feel that you have an enlarged thyroid. However, the presence of a goiter indicates that there’s an issue with your thyroid gland. They’ll need to figure out what the issue is.
Your provider can use several tests to diagnose and evaluate goiter, including the following:
Physical exam: Your provider may be able to tell if your thyroid gland is enlarged by feeling your neck area for nodules and signs of tenderness.
Thyroid blood test: This blood test measures thyroid hormone levels, which reveal if your thyroid is working properly.
Antibody test: This blood test looks for certain antibodies that are produced in some forms of goiter. An antibody is a protein made by white blood cells. Antibodies help defend against invaders (for example, viruses) that cause disease or infection in your body.
Thyroid ultrasound: Ultrasound is a procedure that sends high-frequency sound waves through body tissues. The echoes are recorded and transformed into video or photos. Your provider can “see” your thyroid to check its size and if it has nodules.
rule out cancer.
Thyroid uptake and scan: This imaging test provides information on the size and function of your thyroid. In this test, a small amount of radioactive material is injected into a vein to produce an image of your thyroid on a computer screen. Providers don’t order this test very often, since it’s only useful in certain circumstances.
CT scan or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of your thyroid: If the goiter is very large or spreads into your chest, a CT scan or MRI is used to measure the size and spread of the goiter.
Management and Treatment
Do goiters go away on their own?
A simple goiter may happen for only a short time and may go away on its own without treatment.
Many goiters, such as multinodular goiter, are associated with normal levels of thyroid hormone. These goiters usually don’t require any specific treatment after your healthcare provider has diagnosed it. However, you may be at risk of developing hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism in the future.
If you have an enlarged thyroid gland, it’s still important to see your healthcare provider since goiters have multiple possible causes — some of which require treatment.
How is goiter treated?
Treatment for goiter depends on how large your thyroid has grown, symptoms and what caused it. Treatments include:
No treatment/"watchful waiting": If the goiter is small and isn’t bothering you, your healthcare provider may decide that it doesn’t need to be treated. However, they’ll carefully monitor your thyroid for any changes.
Medications: Levothyroxine (Levothroid®, Synthroid®) is a thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Your provider will likely If you have an enlarged thyroid gland, it’s still important to see your healthcare provider since goiters have multiple possible causes — some of which require treatment.
How is goiter treated?
Treatment for goiter depend
This document provides an overview of topics related to data communication and computer networks that will be covered in an upcoming lecture. It discusses the network edge including different types of access networks like DSL, cable, wireless, and enterprise networks. It also discusses physical media used to transmit data like twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and radio. The document outlines the structure of the network core and how packets are routed from node to node through packet switching. Key concepts covered include transmission rates, store-and-forward routing, and end-to-end delay calculations.
Multi-hop Wireless Networks (MHWNs):
It is defined as a collection of nodes that communicate with each other wirelessly by using radio signals with a shared common channel.
Introduction to Computer Networking CYSE230killerbladex15
The document provides an overview of topics to be covered in an introduction to computer networking course, including what the Internet is, network protocols, the structure of the network edge and core, performance metrics, layering and security. It outlines key concepts like hosts, access networks, packet switching, and routing. The goal is to help students understand networking terminology and approach the topics by using the Internet as a main example.
The document summarizes networking and telecommunication topics, including:
1) The basics of computer networks including hardware, software, and people connecting computers locally and remotely.
2) Common network components like network interface cards, modems, and protocols that establish communication standards.
3) Types of networks including local area networks (LANs) within a building and wide area networks (WANs) connecting multiple sites over long distances.
4) Interpersonal communication technologies like email, teleconferencing, and instant messaging that allow synchronous and asynchronous interactions.
5) Converging technologies including online services, fax, voice mail, video conferencing, and digital payment systems.
The document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It discusses the evolution of networking from ARPANET to the modern Internet. It then covers networking terminology like bandwidth, data transfer rates, wired and wireless transmission media. The document also describes common network devices, topologies, protocols and standards like TCP/IP, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, LAN, WAN etc. It provides details on network switching techniques, email protocols, and other fundamental concepts in computer networking.
- The document discusses key concepts in wireless technologies including wireless transmission fundamentals, global cellular networks, broadband wireless, Bluetooth, and future trends such as WiMAX, Mobile-Fi, ZigBee, and Ultrawideband.
- It covers analog and digital signaling and transmission, channel capacity, advantages and disadvantages of wireless communication, and types of wireless communication systems including Bluetooth applications and usage.
Management information system. Computer network , network in large companies. TCP/IP , functions of the modem, types of network , client server vs peer to peer. the internet and the internet technology ,
The document discusses computer networks and network types. It defines a computer network as a set of connected nodes like computers and devices that share resources for communication purposes. Networks allow file sharing, information sharing, and use of shared hardware/software. The document then discusses different types of networks including wired networks using technologies like Ethernet, and wireless networks using technologies like infrared, radio waves, microwave, and satellite communication. It also discusses network devices, switching techniques, and data communication terminologies.
Mobile computing allows users to access computer networks and services while on the move. It enables connectivity anywhere and anytime using portable devices like laptops, smartphones and tablets that have wireless network connections. Mobile computing builds on wireless networking infrastructure to provide network access and remote computational services to users regardless of location. It involves various technologies and standards like GSM that support user and network mobility through wireless cellular networks.
We are living in the smart era of the Internet.
It is achieved through development in data communication, telecommunication and networking.
Collaboration between networking and telecommunication gave birth to the Internet.
Here is a presention about networking and telecommunication.
Wireless communications is a type of data communication that is performed and delivered wirelessly. This is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
↓↓↓↓ Read More:
Watch my videos on snack here: --> --> http://sck.io/x-B1f0Iy
@ Kindly Follow my Instagram Page to discuss about your mental health problems-
-----> https://instagram.com/mentality_streak?utm_medium=copy_link
@ Appreciate my work:
-----> behance.net/burhanahmed1
Thank-you !
A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices that can communicate with each other to share resources and information. These devices can include computers, servers, routers, switches, printers, and more. Networks can vary in size and complexity, from small local networks within a home or office to vast global networks like the internet.
Computer Network its application & network typesMolayChakraBorty
This document is a homework submission for the Computer Networks course. It contains answers to questions about computer networks, their goals, applications, components, and types. The main types discussed are personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). PANs connect devices within 10 meters, LANs within 1 kilometer, MANs cover towns and cities within 50 km, and WANs are used for business, government, and education across large distances.
The document discusses digital footprints and the evolution of communication technologies. It begins by defining a digital footprint as the trail of data left through interactions in the digital world. It then discusses how personal data is collected through various technologies like TVs, phones, internet use, and sensors. This data is dispersed across databases and used for purposes like targeted advertising. The document outlines how communication technologies have evolved from 1G analog networks to 2G digital networks to current 4G networks. It also discusses how communication cells have decreased in size over time to increase bandwidth and user localization as networks transitioned to use smaller microcells, picocells and femtocells. The future may include an all-IP 5G network with shared infrastructure and the
This document provides an overview of wireless communication technologies. It discusses wireless standards including Bluetooth, WiFi, and WiMAX. It describes key concepts such as wireless network architectures, frequency bands, modulation techniques, and multiple access methods. Generations of cellular networks are defined along with their associated data rates. Examples of wireless devices and services are given to illustrate real-world applications of these technologies.
This document provides an introduction to wireless technologies. It discusses wireless communication standards, computer networks, and reference models for network architecture. It covers frequencies and regulations, wireless communication technologies like signals, bandwidth, modulation, and propagation. It describes analog versus digital transmission and examples of each. It also summarizes key wireless systems over time like cellular generations, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WiMAX and wireless telephony. Finally, it discusses electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic spectrum, and considerations around signal propagation and analysis.
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...Transcat
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
This document provides basic guidelines for imparitallity requirement of ISO 17025. It defines in detial how it is met and wiudhwdih jdhsjdhwudjwkdbjwkdddddddddddkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwioiiiiiiiiiiiii uwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwhe wiqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq gbbbbbbbbbbbbb owdjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj widhi owqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq uwdhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhwqiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiw0pooooojjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj whhhhhhhhhhh wheeeeeeee wihieiiiiii wihe
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Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...pvpriya2
Includes the testing of induction motor to draw the circle diagram of induction motor with step wise procedure and calculation for the same. Also explains the working and application of Induction generator
Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surfaceIndrajeet sahu
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
2. 2
Lecturer
Dr. Eng. Yousef Hamouda:
Associate Professor in Electronic Engineering and
Computer Science
Chair of Scientific Committee for PICICT 2021
Head of Information Technology Center
Manager of Networking and Infrastructure Department
Chair of MSc. in Cyber Physical System,
Email: ye.hamouda@alaqsa.edu.ps
Meeting: Centre of Information Technology and by
appointment only (use the email)
Discussion: Could be in the meeting or after lectures
3. 3
Do and Don’t
Don’t
No mobile phones in class
No noises and talking in class, unless you are
asked to contribute
No late attendees (>10 minutes)
No eating or drinking during lectures
Do
Study and concentrate in class
Ask for repeat
Ask questions
4. 4
Supporting Information
Source of Information
Lecture Notes
Test Books
Additional Resources: web links, paper, etc.
and more…
5. 5
Text Books
William Stallings, Wireless Communications and
Networks, Prentice Hall.
K. Pahlavan and P. Krishnamurthy, Principles of
Wireless Networks: A Unified Approach,
Prentice Hall.
Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data Communications
and Networking”, McGraw-Hill Forouzan
Networking Series
6. 6
Assessment
Final Examination: 50%
Mid Term Examination: 20%
Written Coursework (individual): 30%
Written Research Paper (6 pages) (It can be
joint with real products, implementation or
Labs): 20%
Oral Presentation / Demonstration with
Discussion: 10%
7. 7
Course Main Topics:
Introduction
Review and Fundamentals of Wireless Systems.
WLAN/WPAN/WWAN
WiFi (802.11)
WiMAX (IEEE802.16)
BT (802.15)
Wireless Mobile Networks: 2G (GSM and CDMA),
3G and Beyond
Internet and Communication Networks
Mobile IP and Advanced topics
8. 8
Evolution of Mobile Communication
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
(DECT): A digital wireless communication
standard for telephone used for home and
businesses, which is primarily used for creating
cordless phone systems
Named Cordless Phone or Portable Phone
It replaces the handset cord with a radio link
Range (inside building): 50m
Range (open area): 300m
Frequency: 1880MHz to 1900MHz
Connected to: Public Switching Telephone
Network (PSTN)
1G portable phone
Analogue Voice Only
Mobile
Handset
Base
Station
PSTN
1988
9. 9
Evolution of Mobile Communication
Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS):
A first-generation (1G) cellular technology
An analog mobile phone system standard
Only voice communication (2.4 Kbps)
Low frequency: 150 MHz (High coverage
Hight latency and battery consumption)
Digital AMPS (D-AMPS):
It uses existing AMPS channels.
A digital mobile system.
It considers 2G mobile phone systems.
1979
10. 10
Evolution of Mobile Communication
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM):
A second generation (2G) digital cellular networks
used by mobile phones.
Uses TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access).
Each user is assign different time slot in given RF
channel
Frequency: 900 MHz
Data, SMS and Voice Communication (14.4 Kbps)
Interim Standard 95 (IS-95):
A second generation (2G) digital cellular networks
Uses CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), a multiple
access scheme for digital radio, to send voice, data and
signaling data (such as a dialed telephone number)
between mobile telephones and cell sites.
Each user is assigned a PN sequence code
1991
11. 11
Evolution of Mobile Communication
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
A packet-switched mobile data service (Internet) on the 2G.
GPRS is a best-effort service, implying variable throughput
and latency that depend on the number of other users
sharing the service concurrently
GPRS provides data rates of 53.6 kbps DL / 26.8 Kbps UL
12. 12
Evolution of Mobile Communication
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) (Cont.)
2G cellular technology combined with GPRS is
sometimes described as 2.5G, that is, a technology
between the 2G and 3G generations of mobile telephony .
GPRS usage is charged based on volume of data
transferred, which is billed per minute of connection time .
GPRS data can sold either as part of a bundle (e.g. up to
5 GB per month for a fixed fee) or on a pay-as-you-use
basis .
Usage above bundle cap is charged per MB or
disallowed.
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE): It is
2.75G and known as Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS). It
provides a data rate of 236.8 kbps DL / 59.2 Kbps UL.
13. 13
Evolution of Mobile Communication
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS( and
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA):
It is a third generation mobile cellular system (3G) .
It provide several bearer services, real-time and non-real
time services, circuit and packet switched transmission,
and many different data rates.
It is broadband based
transmission of text, digitized
voice, video calling, Mobile Internet,
Streaming and multimedia
Speed: (384 Kbps (Moving) - 2Mbps (Non-Moving))
Frequency: 2100/1900/850 MHz
1998
14. 14
Evolution of Mobile Communication
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA): It is 3.5G mobile
communications protocol. The standard allows bit-rates
5.76 Mbps Uplinks and 14.4 Mbps in the Downlink.
High Speed Packet Access+ (HSPA+): It is 3.75G mobile
communications protocol using MIMO .The standard
allows bit-rates 22 Mbps Uplinks and 168 Mbps in the
Downlink.
15. 15
Evolution of Mobile Communication
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
Orthogonal Frequency Multiple Access (MIMO)
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
2009
17. 17
Evolution of Mobile Communication
5G Overview
It is a new global wireless standard
5G enables a new kind of network that is designed to
connect virtually everyone and everything together including
machines, objects, and devices.
Massive Internet-of-Things (IoT)
19. 19
Evolution of Mobile Communication
5G Various Target
eMBB: High Speed applications
mMTC: Many Devices applications
URLLC: Low Latency applications
26. CORE: Mostly wired and fixed components such as:
Servers
Switches
Databases
Routing
Internetworking
Operation and maintenance
network management
Call control
mobility management
ACCESS: Provision of mobile access to services over
core networks; Mobile terminal access, roaming, traffic
delivery, etc.
Core and Access Networks
28. Satellite: Wide coverage and High Mobility
Cellular Networks: High Mobility
Wireless LANs such as WiFi, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) such as
WiMax: Low/None Mobility
Wireless Networks – Infrastructure
29. Applications:
Disaster recovery
Smart office and home
Battlefield
Rapid Deployment
infrastructure
Wireless: cabling
impractical
Ad-Hoc: no advance
planning and can be
random deployment
Wireless Networks – Ad Hoc
30. Wireless Link Mobility and Portability
(Anywhere and any time)
Challenges:
High data rate (multimedia traffic)/greater capacity
Networking (seamless connectivity)
Resource allocation (quality of service - QoS)
Manifold physical impairments
Mobility (rapidly changing physical
channel)
Portability (battery life)
Privacy/security (encryption)
Attributes of Wireless Access
32. 32
Writing Skills
Be clear:
• Make sure your sentences make sense and are to
the point.
• Keep your sentences short and express your ideas
simply.
• Make sure your writing is specific (Start with big
window, smaller, smaller and then be very specific)
• Every thing should be referenced. Do not assume
the reader believe what your are writing without
proves.
• Do not use words like I, we, they. Instead use the
author, the researchers,….
• If you have something you believe, use the author
think. Not always.
33. 33
Writing Skills
Be coherent:
• Make a plan before you start writing to not wander from
one idea to another then back to the first one.
• Make sure your ideas are grouped together in
paragraphs
• Once a set of ideas has been discussed start a new
paragraph.
• Linked paragraphs together to guide the reader through
your thought process (Logical structure and flow of
ideas)
• Clear layout of headings and well presented diagrams
• Pay extra attention to your references. Incomplete or no
references will be strongly penalized.
English: Grammar, Spelling, Vocabulary, Punctuation,
Verbs, Capital letters.
34. 34
Writing Skills
Writing:
• Assessing students’ thinking.
• A method for developing your thinking.
• Allows to structure your ideas by building one idea
upon another.
Requirements:
• Hard work and a large amount of research and reading.
• Make sure you select relevant material.
• To learn to keep your research and your notes
organized.
• To use an academic style in your written English.
• To achieve the right presentation.
• Avoid research risks.
35. 35
Writing Skills
Rule # 1: Analysis = Thinking
• If you do not analyze the material you have read then
all you are doing is showing that you have done a lot of
groundwork.
• You are not showing your ability to think.
Rule # 2: Structuring your ideas = your plan
• The basic unit is the paragraph.
• Plan your writing paragraph by paragraph.
• Start a paragraph with the main idea, and then
develop it.
• One idea per paragraph: each section or paragraph
must be internally consistent.
• The result will be your plan.
37. 37
Plagiarism
Plagiarism: is the use of the work of another person,
including another student, as your own without
acknowledging the source.
Avoiding Plagiarism
• Use direct quotations and references (Not always)
• Acknowledge the sources of your information
(references)
• Providing evidence to support your arguments
• Write By your Own Words
Plagiarism Checker: Less than 10% is acceptable.
Penalties for Plagiarism: Very Harmful !!