The document provides an overview of information systems and networking concepts. It discusses client/server architecture and how processing is shared between clients and servers. It also describes the network layer model and how data is packaged and routed. Additionally, it covers local area networks, wireless networks, and the Internet as a network of networks that connects computers globally.

1. Information Systems: Creating Business Value by Mark Huber, Craig Piercy, and Patrick McKeown Field Guide C: The Details of Networking

6. Three-Tiered Architecture

7. Types of Servers Server Type Purpose File Provides both software and data files to users Database Handles queries to a large database and returns matching records Application Handles high speed processing Web Handles requests for Web pages Mail Sends and receives e-mail for entire organization Fax Sends and receives faxes for entire organization

8. Servers on a Network

9. Client/Server Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages Computing burden can be shared among servers and clients Programming relationship between clients and servers is more complex Servers can be specialized to one particular type of task System upgrades require that all clients and servers be upgraded regardless of location Upgrading system can be done in small steps Loss of client does not stop other clients from accessing server

11. Comparing Client/Server and Peer-to-Peer Networks

12. Network Layer Model

17. Sending Data Between Computers on the Internet

19. Copper Wire Compared to Fiber Optics

20. Data Component Media 2 2 Source: Jerry Fitzgerald and Alan Dennis, Business Data Communications and Networking , 8th ed., p. 85, New York: John Wiley, 2005. Media Cost Error Rates Speed Twisted Pair Low Low Low-high Coaxial Cable Moderate Low Low-high Fiber Optics High Very Low High - very High Radio Low Moderate Low Infrared Low Moderate Low Microwave Moderate Low- Moderate Moderate Satellite Moderate Low- Moderate Moderate

22. Baseband Compared to Broadband

23. Maximum Data Rates Transmission Method Maximum Data Rate Comments Standard telephone service 56 Kbps Available everywhere Digital Subscriber line (DSL) 6 Mbps in; 640 Kbps out Becoming more available. Does not slow down as more people sign up. Cable As high as 55 Mbps but averages between 200 Kbps and 2 Mbps Cable must support two-way communication; available in many locations but slows down as more people use it in a specific location T-1 to T-4 1.544 Mbps - 274 Mbps Leased lines used for commercial telecommunication

27. Laptops Connected to a Wireless LAN

31. Connecting to the Internet

33. Top Level Domains Type of Organization Designation Example Commercial company .com www.ebay.com (eBay Auctions) Educational institution .edu www.uga.edu (The University of Georgia) Nonprofit organization .org www.redcross.org (The Red Cross) Network provider .net www.netscape.net (Netscape) Government .gov www.ustreas.gov (U.S. Treasury Department) Military .mil www.usmc.mil (The U.S. Marine Corps) Aerospace organizations* .aero www.ba.aero (British Airways) Businesses* .biz www.webmaster-resource.biz (Webmaster-Resource.biz, an e-commerce company) Cooperatives* .coop www.credit-cooperatif.coop (Crédit Coopératif Group in France) Various* .info www.lanka.info (Information on Sri Lanka) Museums* .museum mhp.moscow.museum (Moscow House of Photography in Russia) Various* .name www.yourname.name Professionals* .pro www.broadway.pro (Broadway theater shows)

34. Internet Operations Internet Operations Purpose E-mail Asynchronously exchange electronic messages with other Internet users FTP Download files (software, documents, or data) from or upload files to a server located on the Internet Newsgroups Participate in a wide variety of online discussion groups Telnet Work on a computer elsewhere on the Internet Internet Relay Chat Synchronously exchange electronic messages with other Internet users World Wide Web Transfer text, images, video, and sound to your computer; search for information on Internet

35. Use of an FTP client

36. Using Telnet

37. Newsgroups

40. A Web Page and Source Code

41. Web Pages vs. Physical Pages Characteristics Web Page Physical Page Form Electronic Ink on paper Amount of information Can extend beyond single screen Restricted to single piece of paper Types of information Can include text, images, audio, and video information Restricted to text and images Links to other pages Can be linked to other pages through hypertext Can be linked only through a separate index Creation Can be created with HTML and saved to a server Can be created using word processor and printer

42. Web Addresses

43. Internet Protocols Protocol Purpose http Retrieve Web pages file Retrieve files from local hard disk telnet Log on to a remote computer connected to the Internet ftp Download or upload files from an Internet FTP server mailto Send outgoing e-mail news Display news group

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