It is defined as a collection of nodes that communicate with each other wirelessly by using radio signals with a shared common channel.

1. Presented By: Krishna Vala
Reg.No:06-0196-2015
College of Agricultural Information Technology

2.  Introduction
 Ad-Hoc Networks:
 What is Transmission Standards
 Applications
 Ad-Hoc Wireless Media Access Protocols
 Ad-Hoc Routing Protocols
 Technical Challenges and Issues

3.  Multi-hop Wireless Networks (MHWNs):
 It is defined as a collection of nodes that communicate with each
other wirelessly by using radio signals with a shared common
channel.

4. •There are several names for MHWNs: It could be called packet
radio network or mobile network.
•Type of Multi-hop Wireless Networks (MHWNs)

5. It is a type of MHWNs.
Collection of wireless mobile (devices) nodes
The wireless hosts in such networks,
communicate with each other
 such networks without the existing of a fixed
infrastructure and without a central control.
Most of the Ad-Hoc networks use Industrial,
Scientific and Medical (ISM)
 A mobile ad-hoc network can be connected to other fixed
networks or to the Internet.

6. 1. Piconet
2. HomeRF (Radio Frequency)
3. Bluetooth SIG (Special Interest Group)
4 .IrDA (InfraRed Data Association)
5. IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN WG (Working Group)

7. 1. Piconet :
 A general purpose, low-owered, ad-hoc network
 The range is said to be reasonably short

8.  carries both voice and data traffic
 inter-operate with the PSTN-(Public Switched Telephone Network)
and the Internet
 the range covers typical home and yard
2. HomeRF

9.  The principles of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) are defined
in IEEE 802.11 standard
• It defines two different topologies:
 ad-hoc network and infrastructure network

10.  Effortless, instant wireless connections between a wide range of
communication devices in a small environment
 The environment to about 10 meters
 Used in virtually any mobile device like that can have Bluetooth
radios integrated into them

11.  based on technology similar to the remote control devic
 high-speed short rangedata transfer
• maturity and standardization activities advantage over radio
• line-of-sight requirement disadvantage

12.  Group of people with laptops and they want to exchange files and
data without having an access point.

13.  Incase if we need to exchange information and the network's
infrastructure has been destroyed.
 It is suitable for military communications at battlefield where there is no
network infrastructure.

14. Why do we need for a media access protocol?
 The medium is shared by all of the nodes.
 We can't have a central controller to manage the
transmission process, because every node can move at any
time.
 Therefore, we will choose from the medium access control
(MAC) protocols.

15.  Sender-Initiated MAC Protocols:
 Receiver-Initiated MAC Protocols:
 Dual Busy Tone Multiple Access (DBTMA)
 2. MACA-BI (By Invitation):

16. 1. Table-driven routing protocols try to keep
the last updated and stable routing
information
The update message indicates:
1. The destination.
2. The distance to the destination.
3. The predecessor of the destination.
4. List of all nodes who should acknowledge
the update.

17. Hidden-node problem:
Exposed-node problem:

18. • Limited wireless range.
• Hidden terminals.
• Packet losses.
• Routes changes.
Technical Challenges and Issues :