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Server virtualization 2
This document provides an overview and lessons on installing and configuring the Hyper-V role in Microsoft Virtual Academy. It discusses installing the Hyper-V server role, managing Hyper-V, configuring Hyper-V settings, and Hyper-V host storage and networking. The lessons cover topics like Hyper-V architecture, storage and networking considerations, using Hyper-V Manager and PowerShell, resource pools, Storage Spaces, SMB 3.0, and network teaming.
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Server virtualization 2
- 1. Microsoft Virtual Academy Module2 Installing and Configuring the Hyper-V Role
- 2. Module Overview • Installingthe Hyper-V Role • Managing Hyper-V • Configuring Hyper-V Settings • Hyper-V Host Storage and Networking
- 3. Lesson 1: Installingthe Hyper-V Server Role • Server Platforms That Provide Hyper-V • Hyper-V and Virtual Machine Scalability • Hyper-V Architecture • Considerations for Disk and Storage • Considerations for Networking • Considerations for High Availability • Changes on the Host after Installing the Hyper-V Role
- 4. Server Platforms ThatProvide Hyper-V • Windows Server 2012 and newer Windows Server operating systems: • Include Hyper-V and other roles • GUI and command-line management • Licensed per processor, includes virtualization rights • Standard edition: two virtual machines with each Windows Server operating system • Enterprise edition: unlimited virtual machines with each Windows Server operating system • Hyper-V Server 2012 and newer: • Includes only the Hyper-V role • Command-line management only (if managed locally) • Free, virtual machines must be licensed separately • Windows 8 and newer Windows client 64-bit operating systems: • Client Hyper-V, does not include server-level features such as high availability or live migration
- 5. Hyper-V and VirtualMachine Scalability System Resource Windows Server 2012 R2 Server Logical processors 320 Physical memory 4 TB Virtual processors per server 2,048 Virtual machine Virtual processors per virtual machine 64 Memory per virtual machine 1 TB Running virtual machines per server 1,024 Virtual disk size 64 TB Failover cluster Nodes per failover cluster 64 Running virtual machines per cluster 8,000
- 6. Considerations for Diskand Storage • Hyper-V hosts can use • DAS • SAN • NAS (SMB 3.0) • Network shared folders (SMB 3.0) • Virtual Machines require storage for • Virtual hard disk files • Configuration • Checkpoints • Saved state
- 7. Considerations for Networking •Hyper-V host should have multiple NICs • Dedicated NIC for Hyper-V management • At least one NIC for virtual machine networks • Two NICs for shared storage • Dedicated NIC for failover clustering (private network) • At least one NIC for live migration • Use fast NICs • NIC teaming for redundancy and throughput • Bandwidth management
- 8. Considerations for HighAvailability • Hyper-V host-based failover clustering • Virtual machines are highly available • Virtual machine-based failover clustering • Cluster roles in virtual machines are highly available • Virtual machine-based NLB • Highly available and scale out web-based applications • Application-specific clustering • Applications are highly available
- 9. Changes on theHost after Installing the Hyper-V Role • Hyper-V is installed as A server role • Server Manager, Install-WindowsFeature, dism.exe • Restart required after installation • Hypervisor is added and starts automatically • Windows Server is moved into parent partition • Hyper-V management tools • Additional services • Performance Monitor counters • Applications and Services logs • Hyper-V Administrators group • Windows Firewall rules
- 10. Lesson 2: ManagingHyper-V • Overview of the Hyper-V Manager Console • Adding the Hyper-V Manager Console • Using Windows PowerShell to Manage Hyper-V • Managing Hyper-V in a Workgroup Environment • Hyper-V Best Practices Analyzer • Hyper-V Security Model
- 11. Overview of theHyper-V Manager Console Hyper-V servers Listing of virtual machines Hyper-V server actions Virtual machine actions
- 12. Adding the Hyper-VManager Console • Used for configuring Hyper-V • Also on Hyper-V Server • If adding the Hyper-V role by using Server Manager, Hyper-V Manager console is added automatically • Hyper-V Management Tool is a feature that you must enable • Windows Server - Add feature • Windows 8 - Turn on Windows Feature • Install RSAT and turn on Windows Feature (Windows 7) • If Hyper-V Manager console cannot run on a device • RDP
- 13. Using Windows PowerShellto Manage Hyper-V • Hyper-V module installed with Hyper-V role • Hyper-V can be managed entirely in Windows PowerShell • Get-Command -Module Hyper-V • Get-Help <cmdlet>, Get-Command *part* • Verb-Noun cmdlet name syntax • Get-, Set-, Disable-, Enable-, New-, Add-, … • Get-VMHost -ServerName LON-DC1, LON-SVR1 • Get-VM -HostName LON-HOST1 | Save-VM • Start-VM -Name *DC* -HostName LON-HOST1 • Get-VMHost -HostName LON-HOST1 | ft • Windows PowerShell ISE
- 14. Managing Hyper-V ina Workgroup Environment • Hyper-V can be a workgroup member • This has no effect on virtual machines running on the Hyper-V host • Domain membership simplifies management • To enable remote management in a workgroup • Enable Hyper-V firewall rules (Server Core only) • Create a local user with the same username and password • Add a local user to Hyper-V Administrators group • Grant administrative rights remotely to local users • Connect to the Hyper-V host in Hyper-V console • Use HVRemote to simplify configuration
- 15. Hyper-V Best PracticesAnalyzer • Best Practices are guidelines for typical deployment • Hyper-V BPA includes over 110 rules including: • Hyper-V should be the only enabled role • Server Core is recommended for Hyper-V servers • Domain membership is recommended for Hyper-V • BPA is available in Server Manager and Windows PowerShell • Can scan one or multiple roles locally or remotely • Can filter scan results • Compliance scan returns one of three levels: • Error, Warning, Information
- 16. Hyper-V Security Model •Authorization Manager controls Hyper-V security • Challenging to use, not suitable for complex security rules • Depreciated, but still available in Windows Server 2012 R2 • Many administrators use VMM • Simple Authorization is used on Server 2012 R2 • Hyper-V Administrators local and domain groups—are empty by default • Members have full access to Hyper-V • Hyper-V Administrators group is incorporated into Authorization Manager
- 17. Lesson 3: ConfiguringHyper-V Settings • Overview of Hyper-V Settings • What Is NUMA? • What Is RemoteFX? • What Is Enhanced Session Mode? • What Are Resource Pools?
- 18. Overview of Hyper-VSettings
- 19. What Is NUMA? •NUMA • Enables host to scale up CPUs and memory • Partitions CPUs and memory into NUMA nodes • Allocation and latency depends on relative CPU location • Hyper-V presents NUMA topology to virtual machines • Guest operating system can make decisions on how to use resources • Can minimize cross-node memory access • NUMA spanning enabled at host level • Virtual NUMA topology can be configured at virtual machine level • By default, virtual NUMA aligns with physical NUMA
- 20. What Is RemoteFX? •Provides a remote desktop experience that may be equivalent to a physical desktop environment • System Requirements • GPU • Second level address translation • RD Virtualization Host role service • RemoteFX 3D Video Adapter virtual machine hardware • RemoteFX features: • RemoteFX for WAN • RemoteFX Adaptive Graphics • RemoteFX Media Streaming • RemoteFX Multi-Touch • RemoteFX USB Redirection
- 21. What Is EnhancedSession Mode? • Remote Desktop over VMBus • Full Remote Desktop capabilities • Shared clipboard • Printers, smart cards, USB devices redirection • Folder redirection • Enabled at Hyper-V host • Guest operating system support required • Windows Server 2012 R2 • Windows 8.1 • Remote Desktop users
- 22. What Is EnhancedSession Mode? Hypervisor Applications Video / Keyboard / Mouse Driver VMBusVMBus Virtual Machine Management Service Virtual Machine Worker Process Applications ApplicationsVirtual machine connect Basic Experience
- 23. What Is EnhancedSession Mode? Hypervisor Applications VMBusVMBus Virtual Machine Management Service Virtual Machine Worker Process Applications ApplicationsVirtual machine connect Enhanced session mode Remote Desktop Services
- 24. What Are ResourcePools? • Resource pools are logical containers • Layer of abstraction between virtual machine and hardware • Virtual machine configured to use the pool • Virtual machine can use any resource from the configured pool • Helpful when moving virtual machines • Resource pools can be used for chargeback • Different resource pool types • Processor, Memory, Ethernet, VHD • Resource pools configured by Windows PowerShell • Get-VMResourcePool • New-VMResourcePool -Name "Contoso Network" - ResourcePoolType Ethernet
- 25. Lesson 4: Hyper-VHost Storage and Networking • Overview of Storage Spaces • Overview of Disk Deduplication • What Is Offloaded Data Transfer? • What Is SMB 3.0? • Hyper-V over SMB • Overview of Network Teaming
- 26. Clustered • What’s ina storage appliance? • x86/x64 Processors • Memory • Network Adapters • Storage HBAs “Back” “Front” Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, Parity etc. Presents interfaces: iSCSI, FC, FCoE, NFS, SMB Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, Parity etc. Presents interfaces: iSCSI, FC, FCoE, NFS, SMB Deploy two or more for a Scale Out CA Solution Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers SAS Ethernet: 1Gb/10Gb FC: 1/2/4/8/16 Gb Demystifying Storage Appliances
- 27. Clustered Windows Server 2012Spaces Windows Server 2012 File Server Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, etc. Presents interfaces: iSCSI, NFS, SMB Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, etc. Presents interfaces: iSCSI, NFS, SMB Deploy two or more for a Scale Out CA Solution Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers SAS SMB3/Ethernet: 1Gb/10Gb 40Gb/56 Gb RDMA Windows Server 2012 R2 File Server and Spaces
- 28. New Designs: Clusterin a Box Availability • At least one node and storage always available, despite failure or replacement of any component • Dual power domains Simplicity • Pre-wired, internal interconnects between nodes, controllers, and storage Flexibility • PCIe slots for flexible LAN options • External SAS ports for JBOD expansion • Office-level power, cooling, and acoustics to fit under a desk Server Enclosure Additional JBODs … B ports A ports x8 PCIe Server BServer A x8 PCIe x4 SAS External JBOD x8 PCIe x4 SAS x8 PCIe 1/10G E or Infiniband 1/10G E or Infiniband B ports A ports SAS Expander SAS Expander 23…10 NetworkNetwork 23…10 SAS Expander Storage Controller CPU SAS Expander Storage Controller CPU x4 SAS (through midplane) x4 SAS (through midplane) 1/10G Ethernet cluster connect (through midplane) DataOn – DNS 9220 http://www.dataonstorage.com
- 29. • Storage Tiering •Data deduplication • RAID resiliency groups • Pooling of disks • High availability • Persistent write-back cache • Copy offload • Snapshots • Storage Tiering (new with R2) • Data deduplication (enhanced in R2) • Flexible resiliency options (enhanced in R2) • Pooling of disks • High availability • Persistent write-back cache (new with R2) • SMB copy offload • Snapshots Traditional Storage with FC/iSCSI Storage Array Windows File Server Cluster with Storage Spaces Familiar Enterprise-Grade Capabilities
- 30. Storage Tiering Can “ HardDisk Drives Cold data
- 31. Overview of StorageSpaces • Storage pools – collection of physical disks • Storage Spaces – virtual disks on storage spaces • Storage Spaces features • Resiliency and integrity on standard disks • Continuous availability and CSV integration • Optimal storage use and storage tiering • Multitenancy and isolation Windows virtualized storage Physical storage (Shared) SAS, SATA or USB Storage Pool Storage Spaces Storage Pool Storage Spaces Storage Pool Storage Spaces
- 32. Overview of DiskDeduplication • Identifies and removes duplications within data • Without compromising data integrity • To store more data on less space • After data is stored (post-process) • Requires NTFS file system • Failover clustering and shared storage supported • CSV support added in R2 • Can significantly decrease space for VHD library • R2 adds support for live VHD deduplication for VDI • VHDs must be accessed on an SMB 3.0 network share • Deduplication of virtual machines that use local storage not supported
- 33. What Is OffloadedData Transfer? • Traditional data copy model • Server issues read request to SAN • Data is read and transferred into memory • Data is transferred and written from memory to SAN • Issues: CPU and memory utilization, increased traffic • Offload-enabled data copy model • Server issues read request and SAN returns token • Server issues write request to SAN using token • SAN completes data copy and confirms completion • Benefits: Increased performance, reduced utilization • SAN must support Offloaded Data Transfer
- 34. What Is OffloadedData Transfer? Intelligent Storage Array Storage array Storage array Actual data transfer Offload read Token Offload write Token
- 35. What Is SMB3.0? • SMB is network file sharing protocol • SMB protocol versions are backward compatible • SMB 3.0 features in Windows Server 2012 (R2) • SMB Transparent Failover • SMB Scale Out • SMB Multichannel • SMB Direct (SMB over RDMA) • SMB Encryption • VSS for SMB file shares • Managing SMB file shares by Windows PowerShell • SMB 3.0 is used only if both sides support it
- 36. Hyper-V over SMB •Hyper-V data files stored on network shares • Virtual machine configuration, VHD files, checkpoints • Hyper-V supports file shares over SMB 3.0 or newer • File Server and Hyper-V must be separate servers • They must be members of the same Active Directory • Running virtual machine data files can be deduplicated (VDI) • Reliability, availability, and performance as a SAN • Uses SMB 3.0 features • Benefits • Easier provisioning and management • Uses existing infrastructure