Staphylococcus epidermidis was presented on. It is a common bacterium that is part of normal human skin flora but can cause infections in immunocompromised or hospitalized patients. It is particularly known to form biofilms on catheters and other implants. While usually not pathogenic, it can cause infections in at-risk patients. Treatment involves removing infected devices when possible and using antibiotics like vancomycin, sometimes combined with rifampin.

1. Name:
SEEMAL SAROOJ.
CMS#
16797
Topic of Presentation:
STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS
Presented to:
SIR UMAIR.

2. Kingdom : Bacteria
Phylum : Firmicutes
Class : Bacilli Order:Bacillales
Family : Staphylococcaceae
Genus : Staphylococcus
Species : S. epidermidis

3. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a Gram-positive
bacterium. It is part of the normal human flora,
typically the skin flora, and less commonly the
mucosal flora. Although S. epidermidis is not
usually pathogenic, patients with
compromised immune systems are at risk of
developing infection. These infections are
generally hospital-acquired. S. epidermidis is a
particular concern for people with catheters or
other surgical implants because it is known to
form bio films that grow on these devices.

4. Discovery
Friedrich Julius Rosenbach distinguished S.
epidermidis from S. aureus in 1884, initially
naming S. epidermidis as S. albus. He
chose aureus and albus since the bacteria formed
yellow and white colonies, respectively.

5.  The normal practice of detecting
S. epidermidis is by using appearance
of colonies on selective media
 Bacterial morphology by light microscopy.
 Sensitivity to desferrioxamine can also be used to
distinguish it from most other staphylococci.

6.  S. epidermidis is part of the human normal
flora, it has developed resistance to many
common antibiotics such as methicillin,
novobiocin, clindamycin, and benzyl
penicillin.
 Resistant organisms are most commonly
found in the intestine, but organisms living
freely on the skin can also become resistant
due to routine exposure to antibiotics
secreted in sweat.

7.  As mentioned above, S. epidermidis causes bio films to
grow on plastic devices placed within the body.
 It also causes endocarditis, most often in patients with
defective heart valves. In some other cases, sepsis can
occur in hospital patients.
 Antibiotics are largely ineffective in clearing bio films.
The most common treatment for these infections is to
remove or replace the infected implant, though in all
cases, prevention is ideal. The drug of choice is
often vancomycin, to which rifampin or amino
glycoside can be added. Hand washing has been shown
to reduce the spread of infection.
 Preliminary research also indicates S. epidermidis is
universally found inside affected acne vulgaris pores,
where Propionibacterium acnes is normally the sole
resident.

8.  Most staphylococcus infections that are visible usually have a
reddish, swollen, itchy, and/or tender area at the site of infection.
 Often the site oozes pus or has some crusty covering with drainage.
 Sites of infection can be small like a pimple on someone's face or
even in the nose, a boil on an extremity, or large like a carbuncle.
 Cellulitis (it most commonly appears on the legs) often shows
redness and swelling of the involved area without pus,
but impetigo shows a crusty weeping rash with an occasional
blister.
 Deep abscesses, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, and most other
internal infections are only seen by X-ray and other imaging
techniques or are not visible at all (for example, toxic shock,food
poisoning) although nausea,vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain,
chills, and fever may be present.

9.  Vancomycin or rifampin is used to treat an
infection.
 Hand washing has been shown to reduce the
spread of infection.

10. THANK YOU