The document discusses the separation of substances, defining key terms such as matter, mixtures, and pure substances. It describes various methods of separation including hand picking, sieving, sedimentation, decantation, filtration, evaporation, and using a separating funnel. The document emphasizes the necessity of separation for obtaining pure substances and removing unwanted impurities from mixtures.

1. SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

2. WHAT THINGS ARE MADE OF
Material
Thing Atom
Matter

3. Mixture
Compound
Element Heterogeneous
Mixture
Pure Substances
Matter
Homogeneous
Mixture

4. HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
Alloy Mixture of
salt and water
Air

5. HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
Ice cubes in
soft drink
Muddy water
Pizza

6. WHY SEPARATION IS NECESSARY
Stone pieces from rice or wheat
To remove harmful or unwanted components from a
mixture.
Harmful impurities from water

7. WHY SEPARATION IS NECESSARY
Obtaining butter and cream from
milk or curd
To obtain useful constituents from a mixture.
Obtaining petrol and diesel from
crude oil

8. WHY SEPARATION IS NECESSARY
Obtaining gold from nugget
To obtain pure substances from a mixture.

9. METHODS OF SEPARATION
Threshing
SEPARATING SOLIDS
FROM OTHER SOLIDS
This method is used to separate wheat / rice
grains from the stalks.
This method is used to separate grains
from the chaff.
Winnowing

11. METHODS OF SEPARATION
Hand Picking
SEPARATING SOLIDS
FROM OTHER SOLIDS
This method is used to separate undesirable
substances such as pieces of stones in pulses.
This method is used to separate bigger
particles in wheat floor with the help of a sieve.
Sieving

12. METHODS OF SEPARATION
Sedimentation
SEPARATING INSOLUBLE
SOLIDS FROM LIQUIDS
It is a process in which particles heavier than
water settle down.
It is a process of pouring out the liquid
without disturbing the sediment.
Decantation

13. METHODS OF SEPARATION
Filtration
SEPARATING INSOLUBLE
SOLIDS FROM LIQUIDS
Bigger particles do not pass
through the holes of strainer.
Loading is the process which speeds up the
sedimentation.
Loading

14. METHODS OF SEPARATION
Evaporation
SEPARATING SOLUBLE
SOLIDS FROM LIQUIDS
Water evaporates in the Sun, leaving salt
behind in shallow ponds.
Water is evaporated, cooled and collected in
receiving tank.
Distillation

15. METHODS OF SEPARATION
Using separating
funnel
SEPARATING LIQUIDS
FROM LIQUIDS
A separating funnel is used to
separate a mixture of two
immiscible liquids. It has a
stopper which is used to drain
out the liquid at the bottom.

16. HOW WILL YOU SEPARATE A MIXTURE
CONTAINING SAND AND WATER ?
Filtration Evaporation

17. KEEP LEARNING