Semi solid medicinal preparations

1. Semi-solid medicinal
preparations
Exercise from Special pharmacology

2. EMULSIONS (EMULSIONES)
 Viscous, homogeneous, liquid medicinal preparations for
external and internal use.
 They consist of two liquid phases that do not mix with each
other (water and oil) and an emulsifier.
 Emulsifiers: gelatin, cellulose derivatives, polysorbates, agar,
alginates, etc.
 The active substance (emulgent) is dissolved in the vehicle.
 They are issued with the note 'Shake well before use.'"

3. Example:
Rp.
Benzyl benzoat, emulsio
Occlusionem praeformatam
NoI (unam)
D.S. Externally. Shake well
before use. Apply soaked gauze
to the entire body except the
head. Repeat the process for
three consecutive days. Bathe
24 hours after the last
application. All family members
should undergo treatment. Boil
and iron clothing, as well as
bedding."
 ***INDICATION:
Benzyl benzoate is primarily
used as an external
treatment for scabies, a skin
infestation caused by the
mite Sarcoptes scabiei.
Scabies is characterized by
intense itching and a rash,
and it is a contagious
condition.

4. SUSPENSIONS
(SUSPENZIONES)
 Liquid medicinal preparations intended for internal or external
use.
 They contain finely ground solid particles (medicinal
substance) suspended in a liquid vehicle and auxiliary
substances that enable suspension.
 Preservatives and modifiers may be added as needed.
 They must not contain drugs of very strong action!
 Why?

5. RULES
 SUBSCRIPTIO: Da ad
vitrum collo amplo!
 SIGNATURA: Shake well
before use!
Rp.
Gelusil, suspensio 2,0
Da scatulam originalem
NoI (unam)
 S. Drink the contents of
one sachet 2 times per day,
one hour after meals."


6. PASTAE AQUOSAE
 Aqueous pastes (liquid powders) are dense, liquid forms of
medicines intended for external use. They consist of a solid
powdery phase (medicinal substance + inert powder) and a
liquid phase (water, glycerol, ethanol).
 Medicinal preparations that can be in the form of
suspensions include lotions, ointments, pastes,
suppositories, vaccines, and injections.
 Suspensions can be prescribed as IPP, officinals, and RMP.

7. EXAMPLE:
Rp.
Zincy oxydi
Tritici amyli
Glyceroli aa 20,0
Aquae purificatae ad 200,0
Misce fiat suspensio
Da ad vitrum collo amplo
S. Externally, shake well before use, and apply to the
affected areas.

8. UNGUENTA
 Semi-solid medicinal preparations for external use (skin,
mucous membranes, wounds).
 They contain medicinal substances dissolved, suspended, or
emulsified in a suitable base. Pharmacologically inert
auxiliary substances, such as emulsifiers, stabilizers, etc.,
may be added as needed.
 There are three types of medicinal ointments: ointments of
the solution type, suspension type, and emulsion type.
 Ointments are intended for local or systemic action

9. Bases for medicinal ointments:
1. White wax (Cera alba)
2. Yellow wax (Cera flava)
3. Lanolin (Cera lanae)
4. Cetaceum (Cetaceum)
5. Liquid paraffin (Parrafinum liquidum)
6. Solid paraffin (Parafinum solidum)
7. Yellow vaseline (Vaselinum flavum)

10. RULES
 SUBSCRIPTIO:
Da ad ollam, Da ad scatulam,
Da tubam originalem
SIGNATURA: Externally...
Rp. Nystatin, unguentum
Da tubam originalem NoI
(unam)
S. Externally, apply to
skin changes three times a
day

11. Example:
Rp.
Acidi salicylici 1,0
Vaselini flavi ad 10,0
Misce fiat unguentum
Da ad ollam
S. Externally, apply on corns on the skin.

12. OCULENTA
 Sterile medicinal semi-solid preparations intended for the
application of the medicine in the conjunctival sac or on the
edges of the eyelid.
 They melt at body temperature and spread easily.
 They contain medicinal substances dissolved, suspended, or
emulsified in a suitable base.
 Preservatives and other auxiliary substances may be added
as needed.

13. Example:
Rp.
Chloramphenicol, oculentum 1%
Tubam originalem NoI (unam)
D.S. Externally, apply a amount of ointment the size of a
wheat grain to the everted lower eyelid three times a day."

14. MEDICINAL CREMS (CREMOR)
Rp.
Canesten, krem
Occlusionem praeformatam NoI (unam)
D.S. Externally, twice per day gently apply on the affected
area.

15. MEDICINAL GELS
 External use preparations, soft consistency, easily spread
and rubbed onto the skin and scalp.
 Bases for gels are made from water, glycerol, propylene
glycol, and gelling substances such as gelatin, starch,
cellulose derivatives, polymers, and Mg-Al silicate.

16. Example:
Rp.
Xylocaine, gel 2%
Occlusionem praeformatam No I (unam)
D.S. Ad manum medici
-We prescribe them like RMP!

17. PASTAE
 Preparations for external use of semi-solid consistency.
 They contain large quantities of finely ground inert powdery
substances uniformly suspended in a suitable fatty base.
 Inert substances such as talc, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate,
and corn starch are used.

18. Example:
Rp.
Zinci oxydi pastae 30,0
Da ad scatulam
S. Externally, apply on the affected area.

19. LOTIONES
 Liquid medicinal preparations containing medicinal
substances mixed with a base in the form of an emulsion.
 They are used for local treatment and applied to intact skin
without rubbing, especially on the scalp and other hairy parts
of the body.
 Primarily used for the treatment of scabies, lice infestation,
and eczema

20. EXAMPLE:
Rp.
Gamex, lotio
Lagenam originalem NoI (unam)
D.S. Externally. Shake well before use. Adults affected by
scabies, after bathing, apply lotion to the entire body,
excluding the head and neck. The lotion is then removed by
bathing with warm water the next day, and the process is
repeated two more times on the third and fifth days from the
start of treatment. In children, the preparation is removed
after three hours, not the next day.