For diploma in pharmacy and B.pharmacy, M.Pharmacy

2.  Content
1. Definition of ointment.
2. Classification of ointment.
3. Definition of base.
4. Ideal properties of base.
5. Classification of base.
6. Method of preparation of ointment.
7. Additives used in ointment.
8. Storage, containers and labeling of
ointment.

3. OINTMENT
 Definition of ointment-
Ointment can be defined as ointment is semisolid
dosage form meant for external application to the
skin or mucous membrane. They usually contain in
medicament or medicaments dissolved, suspended,
or emulsified in an ointment base. They may contain
a suitable antimicrobial preservative.
The ointments are mainly used as protective or
emollient for the skin is called as ointment.

4.  Classification of ointment.
1. According to their therapeutic
properties based on penetration.
2. According to their therapeutic uses.

5.  According to their therapeutic properties
based on penetration.
1. Endodermic ointment.
2. Epidemics ointment.
3. Diadermic ointment.

6.  According to their therapeutic uses.
1. Antibiotic ointment.
2. Antifungal ointment.
3. Anti-inflammatory ointment.
4. Antipruritic ointment.
5. Astringent ointment.
6. Antieczematous ointment.
7. Keratolytic ointments.

7. 8. Counter-irritant ointment.
9. Ointment used for dandruff treatment.
10. Ointments for psoriasis treatment.
11. Parasiticide ointment.
12. Protectant ointments.

8.  Ointment bases- the ointment bases can
be defined as ointment base is a
substance or part of an ointment, which
serves as carrier or vehicle for the
medicament is called as ointment.

9.  Ideal properties of Base
1. High penetration.
2. Compatible.
3. Miscible with skin secretions.
4. Smooth and pourable.
5. Chemical stable.
6. Easily washable.

10.  Classification of ointment bases.
1. Oleaginous base.
2. Absorption base.
3. Emulsion base.
4. Water soluble base.

11.  Oleaginous base
1. Soft paraffin.
2. Hard paraffin.
3. Liquid paraffin.

12.  Absorption base
1. Wool fat.
2. Wool alcohol.
3. Cholesterol.
4. Bees wax.

13.  Emulsion base
1. W/O.
2. O/W.

14.  Water soluble base
1. Polyethylene glycol (PEG).
2. Glycerol monostearate.

15.  How to select proper base
Dermatologically
1. Absorption and penetration.
2. Effect on skin function.
3. Miscibility with skin secretions.
4. Freedom from ittitant effect.
5. It should have emollient properties.

16.  How to select proper base
Pharmaceutically
1. It should be pharmaceutical stable.
2. Solvent properties.
3. Emulsifying properties.
4. Consistency.

17.  Method of ointment preparation.
1. Fusion method.
2. Trituration method.
3. Chemical method.
4. Emulsification method.

18.  Additives used in ointment.
1. Preservatives.
2. Antioxidant.
3. Chelating agent.
4. Perfumes.

19.  Containers, Storage and labeling
1. Containers- jars, collapsible tube (tin),
glass.
2. Storage- well closed container, cool
place, away from light.
3. Labeling- “FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY”

20. 1. R. M. Mehta, Pharmaceutics-II, vallabh
prakashan, 4th edition, page no.- 170-
183.
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7z
kOjyFA92g.