For diploma in pharmacy, Nursing

1. MATOSHRI EDUCATION SOCIETY’S
M.A.B.D DIPLOMA COLLEGE OF
PHARMACY,
Babhulgaon, tal.- Yeola, Dist.- Nashik, Maharashtra,423401
HECP
EPIDEMIOLOGY
By-
Prof. Mr. A.B. Deore
M. Pharm (Pharmaceutics)

2. EPIDEMIOLOGY
 Definition of EPIDEMIOLOGY.
Epidemiology is the study of frequency, distribution and
determinants of health related states and events and disease
in human population.
Greek word
Epi- up on
Demion- Population or people
Logy- Study

3. EPIDEMIOLOGY
 Epidemiology triad.

4. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Aim of Epidemiology
1. To describe analyze disease occurrence and distribution.
2. To identify the etiology factors in the pathogenesis of
disease.
3. To provide the data essential for the planning
implantation of services.

5. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Goals of epidemiology
1. To eliminate health issues.
2. To reduce health issue.
3. To promote awareness in public regarding health.
4. To promote tech. of prevention.

6. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Component of epidemiology
They three main component. (3D)
1. Disease frequency.
2. Distribution of disease.
3. Determination of disease.

7. EPIDEMIOLOGY
1. Disease frequency.
To measure the frequency of disease, disability or death.
Mostly in the form of rate, ratio, and proportion.
2. Distribution of disease.
Health event occurs in pattern in community. This pattern
varies from community to community.
Distribution of event are base on time, place, and person.
We study the variation of pattern disease to control or
prevent them.
3. Determinants disease.
Epidemiology help in identifying causative agent or
risk/predeposing factors of disease.

8. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Uses on epidemiology.
1. To study the health history of population and their disease
trends. This helps in identifying health problems.
2. To arrive at community diagnosis. This is necessary for
initiating preventive and control measures.
3. To plan and evaluate health services.
4. Evaluation of risk and changes of single individual.
5. Searching for cause and risk factors.
6. Identify the disease syndromes.

9. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Mode of transmission.
1. Direct contact.
2. Indirect contact.
3. Air bones.
4. Source of water.
5. Source of food.

10. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Incubation period.
Incubation period can be defend as the time interval
between invasion by an infectious agent and the appearance
of the sign or symptoms of diseases.

11. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Immunity and Immunization.
Immunity- immunity can be defined as the resistance
against an infecting agent organism. The immune mechanism
of the body is capable of recognizing, destroying, and
eliminating in factious micro organism. The immune
mechanism is due to antibodies produces in the body.
Antigen- an antigen is the foreign protein. When an antigen
is introduced into the body, it stimulate the production of
specific antibody.
Antibodies- It is a protein substance produces in the body in
response to an antigen. The antibodies recognizes the
disease producing organism and destroying it.

12. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Types of immunity.
1. Natural Immunity.
2. Artificial Immunity.
(a) Active immunity.
(b) Passive immunity.

13. EPIDEMIOLOGY
1. Natural immunity- Birth itself.
2. Artificial immunity- e.g. vaccine.
(a) Active immunity- it involves the stimulation of the body to
produce its own antibodies.
(b)Antibodies produce in one body body to another body.

14. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Vaccines
Vaccine is the preparation containing an antigen which
stimulate the production of specific antibody.
Classification of vaccines.
1. Live vaccine.
2. Killed vaccine.
3. Toxoids.
4. Mixed vaccines.

15. EPIDEMIOLOGY
1. Live vaccines- live vaccine are prepared from live
attenuated or organism. E.g. small pox, oral polio.
2. Killed vaccines- they contain organism which are killed by
heat or chemicals. E.g. Cholera, thypoid, rabies etc.
3. Toxoid- they are obtaine from by detoxicating the
exotoxins produce by microorganism. E.g Tetanus toxoid.
4. Mixed vaccines- the vaccines contain more than one type
of immunizing agent. e.g Triple vaccines

16. EPIDEMIOLOGY

17. EPIDEMIOLOGY

18. REFERENCES
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2zZlbiNgfU
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOiVl375l4Y&t=357s
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0unz5bv4fU
4. N. Murugesh, Health Education and community Pharmacy, Satya publication,
4th edition, 208-224.
5. https://niraeducationstorage.blob.core.windows.net/wwwroot/img/3573497.
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6. https://image.shutterstock.com/image-vector/thank-you-poster-spectrum-
brush-260nw-1153070891.jpg1