Seminario de biologia molecular
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This document discusses Pneumocystis jirovecii, an opportunistic fungus that causes pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. It observed a rise in cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) among kidney transplant recipients, prompting an investigation. The study used various methods including histopathology, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, multilocus sequence typing, and prophylaxis to prevent infection in at-risk patients. The conclusions determined Pneumocystis jirovecii commonly infects immunosuppressed kidney transplant patients and genetic differences between strains can impact infectivity.
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Seminario
This document summarizes a study on the role of the NRSF protein in ovarian cancer cell proliferation via the Hippo signaling pathway. The study found that knocking down NRSF inhibits cell proliferation in ovarian cancer cell lines and tissues by activating the Hippo pathway. Methods used in the study included PCR quantification, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry to evaluate NRSF expression and explore the mechanism of NRSF involvement in cell proliferation. Results are presented in figures that show NRSF expression is upregulated in ovarian cancer. The conclusions determined that NRSF can activate the Hippo pathway to enhance ovarian cancer cell proliferation, and inhibiting the Hippo pathway may be an effective treatment method for ovarian cancer.
Seminario Pablo Cardona Molina Tercer Semestre Medicina
Characterization of Phenotypic and Genotypic Traits
of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Lung Cancer Patients
with Respiratory Infection
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This document summarizes a mini symposium discussing the integration of transcriptomics and proteomics. It includes three presentations: 1) Cancer Proteogenomics by Prof. David Fenyö discussing novel approaches for tumor proteogenomics and biomarker identification. 2) Protein identification based on ribosome targeted mRNA fragments by Dr. Gerben Menschaert discussing integrating ribosome profiling and mass spectrometry to provide information on protein synthesis. 3) Improved MS/MS peptide identification through Machine Learning by Dr. Sven Degroeve showing how machine learning can use peak intensity information in MS2 spectra to improve peptide identification sensitivity and accuracy.
Tuberculoma
Tuberculoma is a non-cancerous mass caused by localized tuberculosis infection, most commonly in the brain and lungs. It presents with nonspecific symptoms like headache, nausea, and fever. Diagnosis involves CT or MRI imaging showing well-defined focal masses, and lab tests of CSF fluid and tissues. Treatment requires a minimum 9 months of anti-tuberculosis medications like isoniazid and rifampicin.
Adeno,Parvo,Polyoma Virus
The document discusses the structure, replication, pathogenesis, and treatment of three viruses:
1) Adenovirus has a medium sized double stranded DNA genome, naked capsid, and causes respiratory or gastrointestinal infections through direct cell damage. It is treated with live military vaccines.
2) Parvovirus has a small single stranded DNA genome, replicates in host cell nuclei and depends on host cell cycle, and causes fifth disease and aplastic crisis in children. No specific treatment exists.
3) Polyomavirus has a small circular double stranded DNA genome, replicates in host cell nuclei and depends on the host, can cause PML with immune compromise, and may be treated with cidofovir.
Viruses as oncogenes
in this ppt slide you study about oncogene and related viruses. they are very fatal because it responsible for tumor/cancer disease. so, all you read this
Mas laringea
A 62-year-old man with neurofibromatosis presented with stridor and airway obstruction. Examination revealed a pedunculated subglottic mass occupying 75% of the airway. The mass was surgically excised and found to be a cytomegalovirus (CMV) pseudotumor based on histopathology and immunostaining, which was unique as CMV pseudotumors usually occur in immunocompromised patients. Removal of the mass resolved the patient's symptoms without antiviral treatment. This represents the first reported case of a discrete CMV mass in the larynx causing significant airway obstruction.
Biochemistry: A pivotal aspects in forensic science
In the above presentation, you will know the importance of biochemistry in forensic science. Biochemistry is not all about the chemicals, it is about your life, your environment. Basically, it belongs to you.
in this presentation, you can know about the biochemical techniques which are majority used in forensic science and various research occurs in the field of forensic science which is related with biochemistry.
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Seminario
This document summarizes a study on the role of the NRSF protein in ovarian cancer cell proliferation via the Hippo signaling pathway. The study found that knocking down NRSF inhibits cell proliferation in ovarian cancer cell lines and tissues by activating the Hippo pathway. Methods used in the study included PCR quantification, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry to evaluate NRSF expression and explore the mechanism of NRSF involvement in cell proliferation. Results are presented in figures that show NRSF expression is upregulated in ovarian cancer. The conclusions determined that NRSF can activate the Hippo pathway to enhance ovarian cancer cell proliferation, and inhibiting the Hippo pathway may be an effective treatment method for ovarian cancer.
Seminario Pablo Cardona Molina Tercer Semestre Medicina
Characterization of Phenotypic and Genotypic Traits
of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Lung Cancer Patients
with Respiratory Infection
Mini symposium
This document summarizes a mini symposium discussing the integration of transcriptomics and proteomics. It includes three presentations: 1) Cancer Proteogenomics by Prof. David Fenyö discussing novel approaches for tumor proteogenomics and biomarker identification. 2) Protein identification based on ribosome targeted mRNA fragments by Dr. Gerben Menschaert discussing integrating ribosome profiling and mass spectrometry to provide information on protein synthesis. 3) Improved MS/MS peptide identification through Machine Learning by Dr. Sven Degroeve showing how machine learning can use peak intensity information in MS2 spectra to improve peptide identification sensitivity and accuracy.
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Tuberculoma is a non-cancerous mass caused by localized tuberculosis infection, most commonly in the brain and lungs. It presents with nonspecific symptoms like headache, nausea, and fever. Diagnosis involves CT or MRI imaging showing well-defined focal masses, and lab tests of CSF fluid and tissues. Treatment requires a minimum 9 months of anti-tuberculosis medications like isoniazid and rifampicin.
Adeno,Parvo,Polyoma Virus
The document discusses the structure, replication, pathogenesis, and treatment of three viruses:
1) Adenovirus has a medium sized double stranded DNA genome, naked capsid, and causes respiratory or gastrointestinal infections through direct cell damage. It is treated with live military vaccines.
2) Parvovirus has a small single stranded DNA genome, replicates in host cell nuclei and depends on host cell cycle, and causes fifth disease and aplastic crisis in children. No specific treatment exists.
3) Polyomavirus has a small circular double stranded DNA genome, replicates in host cell nuclei and depends on the host, can cause PML with immune compromise, and may be treated with cidofovir.
Viruses as oncogenes
in this ppt slide you study about oncogene and related viruses. they are very fatal because it responsible for tumor/cancer disease. so, all you read this
Mas laringea
A 62-year-old man with neurofibromatosis presented with stridor and airway obstruction. Examination revealed a pedunculated subglottic mass occupying 75% of the airway. The mass was surgically excised and found to be a cytomegalovirus (CMV) pseudotumor based on histopathology and immunostaining, which was unique as CMV pseudotumors usually occur in immunocompromised patients. Removal of the mass resolved the patient's symptoms without antiviral treatment. This represents the first reported case of a discrete CMV mass in the larynx causing significant airway obstruction.
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In the above presentation, you will know the importance of biochemistry in forensic science. Biochemistry is not all about the chemicals, it is about your life, your environment. Basically, it belongs to you.
in this presentation, you can know about the biochemical techniques which are majority used in forensic science and various research occurs in the field of forensic science which is related with biochemistry.
Presentacio¦ün nicole 2
My first proposal, Everyone knows a person that have or had Cancer. We know that Cancer dosen't have a cure an yet the therapies for it, sometimes, do more harm to the person because the therapy do not choose what kind of cell is going to destroy. But if we can develop a new kind of treatment, a less agresive and more effective one, we will increase the survival chances and minimizes the secondary efects.
MRR_Harris_JC_20100217
This IS my first power-point presentation, presenting at the Journal Club Harris et al's paper from Science entitled: "Evolution of MRSA During Hospital Transmission and Intercontinental Spread" Many thanks to Dr. Ramy A. for the choice and the fulltext and Dr. Tamer I. for the opportunity, encouragement and great help.
Wegener granulomatosis
This document summarizes Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), a rare autoimmune disease that involves the respiratory tract and kidneys. It has historically been known as WG but is now called granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). GPA is a necrotizing vasculitis that commonly affects the upper respiratory tract, lungs, and kidneys. While it can involve any organ, the disease manifestations and severity vary widely between patients. Diagnosis can be challenging due to nonspecific symptoms and a lack of pathognomonic features on biopsy. Treatment involves immunosuppressive drugs like cyclophosphamide combined with corticosteroids.
Adenovirus parvovirus polyomavirus
- Adenovirus, parvovirus, and polyomavirus are DNA viruses that cause respiratory illnesses and other diseases.
- Adenovirus has a medium sized dsDNA genome and causes respiratory illness, conjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis. Parvovirus has a small ssDNA genome and targets erythroid cells, causing fifth disease. Polyomavirus has a small dsDNA genome and establishes kidney persistence, with potential reactivation and progression to PML.
- The viruses replicate in the nucleus and spread locally or via viremia. Immunity is important for control of adenovirus and parvovirus.
Bts micobacterias no_tbc
This document provides guidelines for managing opportunistic mycobacterial infections. It discusses the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of these infections. For pulmonary disease caused by M. kansasii in HIV-negative patients, the guidelines recommend treatment with rifampicin and ethambutol for 9 months based on prospective studies showing high cure rates without relapse. For patients with compromised immunity, treatment should continue for 15-24 months or until sputum cultures are negative for 12 months. Relapses should be retreated with rifampicin and ethambutol for 15-24 months, adding prothionamide and streptomycin for non-responders.
CLINICAL RADIOLOGY CEREBRAL TUBERCULOSIS
By Dr Piyush Ojha , DM Resident, GMC Kota
under guidance of Prof. Dr Vijay Sardana (HOD,Neurology)
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1) The document discusses research on biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. A study found that increased levels of the protein Carbopeptidase E in the primary tumor, compared to surrounding normal tissue, predicted that the cancer would metastasize within two years in 90% of patients.
2) Additional research analyzed how GC content around splice sites affects splicing through pre-mRNA secondary structures. Variations in GC content can cause differences in structural stability between alternative and constitutive splice sites.
3) The student observes that this research enhances understanding of protein synthesis and cellular processes, and can aid in developing knowledge about DNA. It also allows promoting research in different medical fields, including discovering biomarkers for various cancer types.
Biología molecular
This document summarizes molecular changes related to lung cancer and their clinical implications. It discusses:
1) Lung cancer accounts for many cancer deaths in the US and there is effort to improve screening and early detection. Molecular changes in lung cancer cells are being studied to develop new targeted therapies.
2) Genetic and epigenetic changes alter oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in lung cancer, disrupting cell growth. Common changes include mutations in p53 and the p16-cyclin D1 pathway.
3) Understanding the molecular basis of lung carcinogenesis can help identify high-risk groups for screening and develop biologically-based prevention and treatment strategies. Translating discoveries about uncontrolled cell growth into
Cv.hon.chung.chau
This curriculum vitae provides information about Chung-Chau Hon's education, positions, areas of expertise, publications, and skills. It summarizes that Hon has a PhD in Population Genetics of Viruses from the University of Hong Kong and is currently a postdoctoral fellow in France studying the genomics and transcriptomics of protozoan parasites using next-generation sequencing techniques. Hon has published over 30 papers on topics including viral phylogenetics, pathogen genomics, and computational biology methods.
Immunohistochemical examination of the level of neuroendocrine differentiation
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The document examines neuroendocrine differentiation in colorectal adenocarcinoma. It analyzes 90 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery. Tissue samples were examined for chromogranin A expression via immunohistochemistry. Results showed higher levels of chromogranin A expression correlated with later disease stages and poorer prognostic factors like higher T stage and lymph node metastasis. Specifically, there was a statistically significant difference in chromogranin A expression between stages II/III and stages T3a/b and T3c/d. In conclusion, neuroendocrine differentiation positively correlates with increased disease stage and worse prognosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma.Plegable
The document discusses two papers: "DNA Technology and Evolution of the Central Dogma" and "The Shape of Infectious Prions". It summarizes the key points of each paper. For the first paper, it describes how DNA sequencing has accelerated techniques like nanopore sequencing and complex DNA synthesis, contributing to understanding of genomes and wildlife ecosystems. For the second paper, it explains that prions have a normal spherical shape but an infected cubic shape, and can induce normal prion proteins to acquire an abnormal conformation, causing incurable neurodegenerative diseases. The student observes that these studies will help develop new drugs for serious diseases.
ONCOLYTIC VIRUSES AS AN ANTICANCER AGENT........ _________
This document outlines oncolytic viruses as anticancer agents. It begins with an introduction discussing the rising rates of cancer deaths worldwide and in Nigeria. It then provides historical background on early human trials of viruses for cancer treatment in the 1940s-1970s. The document discusses the characteristics and mechanisms of action of ideal oncolytic viruses, including their ability to selectively infect and lyse cancer cells. It also examines the genomic organization of several oncolytic viruses like adenovirus, maraba virus, herpes simplex virus, vaccinia virus, and poliovirus. Finally, it reviews current genetic manipulations of oncolytic viruses in clinical trials and their targeting of tumors.
oncolytic herpes simplex virus
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) is one of oncolytic viruses being studied in cancer therapeutic research and several oHSVs have been investigated in clinical trials. ith the increasing experience and knowledge of HSV system, Creative Biolabs commits to developing efficacious oncolytic herpes simplex virus and enabling wider applications in oncolytic virotherapy of cancers.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/oncolytic-herpes-simplex-virus.htm
Oncolytic Virotherapy
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are therapeutically useful viruses which selectively infect and damage cancerous tissues without causing harm to normal tissues. Every virus has a specific cellular tropism that determines which tissues are preferentially infected, and what disease is caused. A number of naturally occurring viruses have a preferential, although non-exclusive, tropism for tumors and tumor cells. This probably has more to do with tumor biology than with virus biology as most tumors have evolved not only to avoid immune detection and destruction but also to resist apoptosis and translational suppression, which are the crucial responses used by normal cells to limit a virus infection. OVs can kill infected cancer cells in a number of different ways, ranging from direct virus-mediated cytotoxicity through various cytotoxic immune effector mechanisms.
Tuberculoma.
Tuberculoma is a benign, non-cancerous mass caused by a localized tuberculosis infection that most commonly appears in the lungs or brain. It results from infection by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. Symptoms vary depending on the location of the tuberculoma but often include headaches, fever, and neurological deficits. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like CT or MRI scans showing characteristic lesions, as well as spinal fluid and tissue analysis. Treatment primarily consists of a prolonged course of multiple antibiotic medications over 9-12 months.
mycelial forms of coccidiodes spp. in parasitic phase
1) The study examined 44 patients with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in Mexico between 1991-2005 to analyze the association between mycelial parasitic forms of Coccidioides spp. and risk factors like diabetes.
2) Patients with type 2 diabetes were 4 times more likely than non-diabetics to develop mycelial parasitic forms. Mycelial forms took longer than 8 months to develop and were associated with cough, hemoptysis, cavitary lesions on x-ray, and type 2 diabetes.
3) Based on the results, the study proposes incorporating mycelial forms into the parasitic phase definition for Coccidioides spp. in patients with type 2
2.5 behazine combadiere
This document discusses skin targeting for vaccine efficacy. It notes that targeting different antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the skin can dictate the intensity, quality, and localization of the immune response. Specifically, targeting Langerhans cells in the hair follicles can favor CD8 T cell responses and mucosal immunity, though may not induce strong IgG responses. It provides evidence from a phase I clinical trial that influenza vaccination via the transcutaneous route targeting hair follicle Langerhans cells induced better CD8 responses than intramuscular vaccination. The document advocates for more "tailor-cut" immunization strategies targeting specific APCs in the skin or other sites to optimize vaccine efficacy against various infectious diseases.
Meningitis
This document discusses meningitis, including its definition, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, or protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms. Common symptoms include headache, fever, and neck stiffness. Diagnosis involves a spinal tap to analyze cerebrospinal fluid for signs of infection. Treatment depends on the cause, but may include antibiotics for bacterial meningitis or supportive care for viral meningitis.
Extra pulmonary TB
This document discusses extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPT), which is tuberculosis that affects structures other than the lungs. EPT can affect many different organs and systems, including lymphatic, pleural, bones/joints, meninges, and gastrointestinal tract. The diagnosis of EPT can be challenging as it may not involve the lungs. Imaging tests, biopsy, and microbiological examination of affected tissues or fluids are used to diagnose EPT in different locations. Proper treatment is important to prevent complications and spread of infection.
Skin Cancer Patient Ulcer Study by OC Skin Institute's Dr. Tony Nakhla
OC Skin Institute's lead dermatologist Dr. Tony Nakhla, investigates the condition of a male patient with several skin cancer instances, some which required Mohs surgery, and the discovery of an ulcer located behind the right ear. Dr. Nakhla practices medical dermatology, as well as cosmetic dermatology, regularly in Orange County California alongside an experienced staff that offers treatments such as skin cancer detection, Mohs surgery, acne treatment, skin cancer removal, mole removal, spider vein therapy and more.
Fungal infections post LDLT.pptx
Fungal infections are a serious complication after living donor liver transplantation, with an incidence of around 22%. Candida species are the most common cause, followed by Aspergillus. Risk factors for invasive fungal infections include prolonged antibiotic use, parenteral nutrition, ICU stay, and graft-related complications. Diagnosis relies on culture, antigen detection, PCR and imaging. Voriconazole is recommended for Aspergillus, while echinocandins are first-line for Candida. Fluconazole prophylaxis is commonly used but has limitations including resistance and drug interactions. Targeted prophylaxis based on risk factors may be most effective approach.
PNEUMONIA IN TRANSPLANT PATIENTS
- Infections are a major cause of death for kidney transplant patients, accounting for around 15-20% of post-transplant mortality. The most common infections are cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP).
- CMV infection and disease are still frequent despite prophylaxis and preemptive treatment. PCP is now rare due to universal long-term prophylaxis. Bacterial pneumonia also occurs in around 5% of kidney transplant recipients and carries a high mortality risk, especially for nosocomial infections.
- Vaccination of transplant candidates and recipients is important for prevention of pneumonia. However, live vaccines should generally be avoided in transplant patients for the
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Presentacio¦ün nicole 2
My first proposal, Everyone knows a person that have or had Cancer. We know that Cancer dosen't have a cure an yet the therapies for it, sometimes, do more harm to the person because the therapy do not choose what kind of cell is going to destroy. But if we can develop a new kind of treatment, a less agresive and more effective one, we will increase the survival chances and minimizes the secondary efects.
MRR_Harris_JC_20100217
This IS my first power-point presentation, presenting at the Journal Club Harris et al's paper from Science entitled: "Evolution of MRSA During Hospital Transmission and Intercontinental Spread" Many thanks to Dr. Ramy A. for the choice and the fulltext and Dr. Tamer I. for the opportunity, encouragement and great help.
Wegener granulomatosis
This document summarizes Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), a rare autoimmune disease that involves the respiratory tract and kidneys. It has historically been known as WG but is now called granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). GPA is a necrotizing vasculitis that commonly affects the upper respiratory tract, lungs, and kidneys. While it can involve any organ, the disease manifestations and severity vary widely between patients. Diagnosis can be challenging due to nonspecific symptoms and a lack of pathognomonic features on biopsy. Treatment involves immunosuppressive drugs like cyclophosphamide combined with corticosteroids.
Adenovirus parvovirus polyomavirus
- Adenovirus, parvovirus, and polyomavirus are DNA viruses that cause respiratory illnesses and other diseases.
- Adenovirus has a medium sized dsDNA genome and causes respiratory illness, conjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis. Parvovirus has a small ssDNA genome and targets erythroid cells, causing fifth disease. Polyomavirus has a small dsDNA genome and establishes kidney persistence, with potential reactivation and progression to PML.
- The viruses replicate in the nucleus and spread locally or via viremia. Immunity is important for control of adenovirus and parvovirus.
Bts micobacterias no_tbc
This document provides guidelines for managing opportunistic mycobacterial infections. It discusses the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of these infections. For pulmonary disease caused by M. kansasii in HIV-negative patients, the guidelines recommend treatment with rifampicin and ethambutol for 9 months based on prospective studies showing high cure rates without relapse. For patients with compromised immunity, treatment should continue for 15-24 months or until sputum cultures are negative for 12 months. Relapses should be retreated with rifampicin and ethambutol for 15-24 months, adding prothionamide and streptomycin for non-responders.
CLINICAL RADIOLOGY CEREBRAL TUBERCULOSIS
By Dr Piyush Ojha , DM Resident, GMC Kota
under guidance of Prof. Dr Vijay Sardana (HOD,Neurology)
Plegable ppp
1) The document discusses research on biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. A study found that increased levels of the protein Carbopeptidase E in the primary tumor, compared to surrounding normal tissue, predicted that the cancer would metastasize within two years in 90% of patients.
2) Additional research analyzed how GC content around splice sites affects splicing through pre-mRNA secondary structures. Variations in GC content can cause differences in structural stability between alternative and constitutive splice sites.
3) The student observes that this research enhances understanding of protein synthesis and cellular processes, and can aid in developing knowledge about DNA. It also allows promoting research in different medical fields, including discovering biomarkers for various cancer types.
Biología molecular
This document summarizes molecular changes related to lung cancer and their clinical implications. It discusses:
1) Lung cancer accounts for many cancer deaths in the US and there is effort to improve screening and early detection. Molecular changes in lung cancer cells are being studied to develop new targeted therapies.
2) Genetic and epigenetic changes alter oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in lung cancer, disrupting cell growth. Common changes include mutations in p53 and the p16-cyclin D1 pathway.
3) Understanding the molecular basis of lung carcinogenesis can help identify high-risk groups for screening and develop biologically-based prevention and treatment strategies. Translating discoveries about uncontrolled cell growth into
Cv.hon.chung.chau
This curriculum vitae provides information about Chung-Chau Hon's education, positions, areas of expertise, publications, and skills. It summarizes that Hon has a PhD in Population Genetics of Viruses from the University of Hong Kong and is currently a postdoctoral fellow in France studying the genomics and transcriptomics of protozoan parasites using next-generation sequencing techniques. Hon has published over 30 papers on topics including viral phylogenetics, pathogen genomics, and computational biology methods.
Immunohistochemical examination of the level of neuroendocrine differentiation
Immunohistochemical examination of the level of neuroendocrine differentiationSekcija za NIR Medicinskog fakulteta u Foči. Boris Maslovski. Medicinski fakultet Foca.
The document examines neuroendocrine differentiation in colorectal adenocarcinoma. It analyzes 90 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery. Tissue samples were examined for chromogranin A expression via immunohistochemistry. Results showed higher levels of chromogranin A expression correlated with later disease stages and poorer prognostic factors like higher T stage and lymph node metastasis. Specifically, there was a statistically significant difference in chromogranin A expression between stages II/III and stages T3a/b and T3c/d. In conclusion, neuroendocrine differentiation positively correlates with increased disease stage and worse prognosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma.Plegable
The document discusses two papers: "DNA Technology and Evolution of the Central Dogma" and "The Shape of Infectious Prions". It summarizes the key points of each paper. For the first paper, it describes how DNA sequencing has accelerated techniques like nanopore sequencing and complex DNA synthesis, contributing to understanding of genomes and wildlife ecosystems. For the second paper, it explains that prions have a normal spherical shape but an infected cubic shape, and can induce normal prion proteins to acquire an abnormal conformation, causing incurable neurodegenerative diseases. The student observes that these studies will help develop new drugs for serious diseases.
ONCOLYTIC VIRUSES AS AN ANTICANCER AGENT........ _________
This document outlines oncolytic viruses as anticancer agents. It begins with an introduction discussing the rising rates of cancer deaths worldwide and in Nigeria. It then provides historical background on early human trials of viruses for cancer treatment in the 1940s-1970s. The document discusses the characteristics and mechanisms of action of ideal oncolytic viruses, including their ability to selectively infect and lyse cancer cells. It also examines the genomic organization of several oncolytic viruses like adenovirus, maraba virus, herpes simplex virus, vaccinia virus, and poliovirus. Finally, it reviews current genetic manipulations of oncolytic viruses in clinical trials and their targeting of tumors.
oncolytic herpes simplex virus
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) is one of oncolytic viruses being studied in cancer therapeutic research and several oHSVs have been investigated in clinical trials. ith the increasing experience and knowledge of HSV system, Creative Biolabs commits to developing efficacious oncolytic herpes simplex virus and enabling wider applications in oncolytic virotherapy of cancers.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/oncolytic-herpes-simplex-virus.htm
Oncolytic Virotherapy
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are therapeutically useful viruses which selectively infect and damage cancerous tissues without causing harm to normal tissues. Every virus has a specific cellular tropism that determines which tissues are preferentially infected, and what disease is caused. A number of naturally occurring viruses have a preferential, although non-exclusive, tropism for tumors and tumor cells. This probably has more to do with tumor biology than with virus biology as most tumors have evolved not only to avoid immune detection and destruction but also to resist apoptosis and translational suppression, which are the crucial responses used by normal cells to limit a virus infection. OVs can kill infected cancer cells in a number of different ways, ranging from direct virus-mediated cytotoxicity through various cytotoxic immune effector mechanisms.
Tuberculoma.
Tuberculoma is a benign, non-cancerous mass caused by a localized tuberculosis infection that most commonly appears in the lungs or brain. It results from infection by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. Symptoms vary depending on the location of the tuberculoma but often include headaches, fever, and neurological deficits. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like CT or MRI scans showing characteristic lesions, as well as spinal fluid and tissue analysis. Treatment primarily consists of a prolonged course of multiple antibiotic medications over 9-12 months.
mycelial forms of coccidiodes spp. in parasitic phase
1) The study examined 44 patients with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in Mexico between 1991-2005 to analyze the association between mycelial parasitic forms of Coccidioides spp. and risk factors like diabetes.
2) Patients with type 2 diabetes were 4 times more likely than non-diabetics to develop mycelial parasitic forms. Mycelial forms took longer than 8 months to develop and were associated with cough, hemoptysis, cavitary lesions on x-ray, and type 2 diabetes.
3) Based on the results, the study proposes incorporating mycelial forms into the parasitic phase definition for Coccidioides spp. in patients with type 2
2.5 behazine combadiere
This document discusses skin targeting for vaccine efficacy. It notes that targeting different antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the skin can dictate the intensity, quality, and localization of the immune response. Specifically, targeting Langerhans cells in the hair follicles can favor CD8 T cell responses and mucosal immunity, though may not induce strong IgG responses. It provides evidence from a phase I clinical trial that influenza vaccination via the transcutaneous route targeting hair follicle Langerhans cells induced better CD8 responses than intramuscular vaccination. The document advocates for more "tailor-cut" immunization strategies targeting specific APCs in the skin or other sites to optimize vaccine efficacy against various infectious diseases.
Meningitis
This document discusses meningitis, including its definition, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, or protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms. Common symptoms include headache, fever, and neck stiffness. Diagnosis involves a spinal tap to analyze cerebrospinal fluid for signs of infection. Treatment depends on the cause, but may include antibiotics for bacterial meningitis or supportive care for viral meningitis.
Extra pulmonary TB
This document discusses extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPT), which is tuberculosis that affects structures other than the lungs. EPT can affect many different organs and systems, including lymphatic, pleural, bones/joints, meninges, and gastrointestinal tract. The diagnosis of EPT can be challenging as it may not involve the lungs. Imaging tests, biopsy, and microbiological examination of affected tissues or fluids are used to diagnose EPT in different locations. Proper treatment is important to prevent complications and spread of infection.
Skin Cancer Patient Ulcer Study by OC Skin Institute's Dr. Tony Nakhla
OC Skin Institute's lead dermatologist Dr. Tony Nakhla, investigates the condition of a male patient with several skin cancer instances, some which required Mohs surgery, and the discovery of an ulcer located behind the right ear. Dr. Nakhla practices medical dermatology, as well as cosmetic dermatology, regularly in Orange County California alongside an experienced staff that offers treatments such as skin cancer detection, Mohs surgery, acne treatment, skin cancer removal, mole removal, spider vein therapy and more.
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Immunohistochemical examination of the level of neuroendocrine differentiation
Immunohistochemical examination of the level of neuroendocrine differentiation
ONCOLYTIC VIRUSES AS AN ANTICANCER AGENT........ _________
ONCOLYTIC VIRUSES AS AN ANTICANCER AGENT........ _________
mycelial forms of coccidiodes spp. in parasitic phase
mycelial forms of coccidiodes spp. in parasitic phase
Skin Cancer Patient Ulcer Study by OC Skin Institute's Dr. Tony Nakhla
Skin Cancer Patient Ulcer Study by OC Skin Institute's Dr. Tony Nakhla
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Fungal infections post LDLT.pptx
Fungal infections are a serious complication after living donor liver transplantation, with an incidence of around 22%. Candida species are the most common cause, followed by Aspergillus. Risk factors for invasive fungal infections include prolonged antibiotic use, parenteral nutrition, ICU stay, and graft-related complications. Diagnosis relies on culture, antigen detection, PCR and imaging. Voriconazole is recommended for Aspergillus, while echinocandins are first-line for Candida. Fluconazole prophylaxis is commonly used but has limitations including resistance and drug interactions. Targeted prophylaxis based on risk factors may be most effective approach.
PNEUMONIA IN TRANSPLANT PATIENTS
- Infections are a major cause of death for kidney transplant patients, accounting for around 15-20% of post-transplant mortality. The most common infections are cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP).
- CMV infection and disease are still frequent despite prophylaxis and preemptive treatment. PCP is now rare due to universal long-term prophylaxis. Bacterial pneumonia also occurs in around 5% of kidney transplant recipients and carries a high mortality risk, especially for nosocomial infections.
- Vaccination of transplant candidates and recipients is important for prevention of pneumonia. However, live vaccines should generally be avoided in transplant patients for the
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2. One isolate (LN8) showed the highest number of unique single nucleotide variations and gene deletions, indicating it had diverged more than the others.
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This document discusses tuberculosis (TB), including its description, transmission, epidemiology, signs and symptoms, pathogenesis, and five scientific articles on the topic. It describes TB as an infectious disease caused by bacteria in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, usually transmitted via airborne or digestive routes. It notes that one third of the world's population is infected with over 8 million new cases and 3 million deaths annually. The pathogenesis section explains how M. tuberculosis infects and replicates within macrophages. The five articles discuss TB-specific T-cells, M. tuberculosis infection of an implantable defibrillator, smoking prolonging infectivity in TB patients, a study on zinc and vitamin A supplementation in TB patients, and a new rapid molecular
Tuberculosis
This document discusses tuberculosis (TB), including its description, transmission, epidemiology, signs and symptoms, pathogenesis, and five scientific articles on the topic. It describes TB as an infectious disease caused by bacteria in the M. tuberculosis complex, primarily transmitted through air or digestive routes. It notes that one third of the world's population is infected with over 8 million new cases and 3 million deaths from TB annually. The pathogenesis involves the bacteria infecting macrophages and evading the lysosome, allowing replication. The five articles discuss TB-specific T-cells, M. tuberculosis infection of an implantable defibrillator, smoking prolonging infectivity of TB patients, a study on zinc and vitamin A supplementation for TB patients in Indonesia, and
Post transplant lymphoproliferative disease
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a B-cell proliferation disorder caused by Epstein-Barr virus infection due to immunosuppression after organ transplantation. The risk of PTLD is higher with more intense immunosuppression and occurs earlier. Treatment involves reducing immunosuppression to allow the immune system to control the proliferation. PTLD ranges from benign B-cell hyperplasia to aggressive lymphoma and has high mortality if not treated by reducing immunosuppression.
BMJ Open-2016-Conway Morris--2
This document presents the protocol for an observational study examining the predictive value of cell-surface markers in identifying critically ill patients at risk of nosocomial infections. The study aims to validate previously identified markers of immune dysfunction - including low expression of CD88 on neutrophils, low HLA-DR on monocytes, and elevated regulatory T cells - and determine if combining these markers improves prediction of infection risk. It also aims to explore additional cell surface markers and immune cell subsets that may further predict infection risk. The multicenter study will collect blood samples from critically ill patients in the ICU to analyze immune cell markers using flow cytometry and correlate the results with rates of subsequent nosocomial infections.
Abdominal tuberculosis: a surgical perplexity
Abdominal tuberculosis is one of the most challenging forms of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. The diagnosis of the disease itself poses the greatest challenge due to the variability of presentation. Clinical presentations in various forms with conflicting results on a multitude of haematological, immunological and radiological tests causes a lot of confusion in interpreting and correlating the symptoms to arrive at a diagnosis. This adds to the perplexity in surgical management of this complex disease especially in an era where AIDS has added to the problems. Having arrived at a diagnosis, chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. Surgery is indicated when the response to medical therapy is poor or complications supervene. Deciding the optimum procedure is again a major issue. Understanding the pathophysiology therefore is pivotal in making a value decision. The article briefly outlines the approach to this surgical perplexity.
Tuberculous Meningitis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf.pdf
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis seeding the meninges. It presents with symptoms like fever, headache, and altered sensorium. Diagnosis is difficult as CSF analysis resembles viral meningitis and culture has low yield. Treatment involves antibiotics for at least 2 months, with corticosteroids improving outcomes. TBM prognosis depends on early treatment but complications like hydrocephalus and stroke remain risks. An interprofessional team approach including infectious disease specialists is important for managing this serious condition.
Gene sequencing and tb – a new age approach.pptx
Whole genome sequencing is increasingly being used to diagnose drug-resistant tuberculosis. It can identify resistance across all anti-TB drugs through DNA sequencing of the entire TB genome. This overcomes limitations of other tests and provides personalized treatment by rapidly detecting mixed infections, co-infections, and heteroresistance. While expensive and technically complex, whole genome sequencing improves treatment outcomes and aids in prevention by better understanding transmission.
Pulmonary tuberculoma
A tuberculoma is a manifestation of tuberculosis that appears as a firm lump and can mimic cancer tumors on medical imaging. Tuberculomas occur when tuberculosis bacteria form into calcium crystals that can affect many organs. They are difficult to differentiate from cancer without further investigation. Treatment involves a prolonged course of multiple antituberculosis medications to resolve the tuberculoma.
Pathogenesis of tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is the most prevalent communicable infectious disease on earth and remains out of control in many developing nations.
patho.ppt
This document provides an overview of pathogenomics and discusses several key areas:
1. It defines pathogenomics and describes how it utilizes genomics data to study infectious diseases.
2. Functional genomics and comparative genomics are applied to reveal pathogenesis genes and develop drugs, diagnostics and vaccines.
3. Identification of virulence factors in fungi and bacteria is discussed through direct sequence annotation and genome analysis.
4. Challenges include antibiotic resistance and potential misuse of information, while future trends involve in vivo expression analysis and reducing drug resistance.
tuberculosis .pptx
1. Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and usually attacks the lungs. It spreads through airborne droplets when people with active TB cough, sneeze or speak.
2. The pathogenesis of TB begins when M. tuberculosis enters macrophages and avoids destruction by inhibiting phagolysosome fusion. This allows the bacteria to replicate within macrophages. The immune system eventually mounts a TH1 response to activate macrophages to contain the infection.
3. Primary TB develops in those exposed for the first time and causes the formation of granulomas in the lungs and lymph nodes. Without treatment, the infection can spread throughout the body and cause secondary pulmonary TB or miliary TB.
tuberculosis (2).pptx
1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis enters macrophages and replicates within phagosomes, inhibiting phagolysosome fusion.
2. A TH1 immune response is mounted after 3 weeks of infection to activate macrophages. IFN-γ is critical for macrophage activation.
3. Granulomatous inflammation forms caseating and non-caseating tubercles containing central necrosis, epithelioid cells, and lymphocytes. Tuberculosis may not elicit granulomas in immunosuppressed individuals.
Infectious diseases
This document provides information on approaching and evaluating patients with potential infectious diseases. It discusses taking an exposure and social history, performing a physical exam focusing on vital signs, lymph nodes, skin, and foreign bodies. Diagnostic testing options are outlined including lab tests, imaging, and pathogen-specific tests. Empirical antibiotic therapy is recommended for common infections like pneumonia based on presentation. Community-acquired pneumonia causes are discussed. Hospital-acquired pneumonia treatment typically involves antibiotics until culture results are available. Infective endocarditis typically involves bacterial vegetation on heart valves.
ventilator-associated pneumonia.ppt
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common infection in mechanically ventilated patients. The risk of developing VAP increases the longer a patient requires ventilation. Early-onset VAP is usually caused by bacteria that normally inhabit the mouth and throat, while late-onset VAP is often caused by more resistant bacteria. Diagnosis of VAP requires evaluating clinical signs along with testing lower respiratory tract secretions. Prevention strategies aim to reduce bacterial contamination and aspiration, including oral care, elevation of the head, and careful management of tubes.
Jiro chido.pdf
This document discusses Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), a fungal infection seen in immunocompromised individuals. It provides details on:
1. The clinical features of PCP differ between HIV-infected and non-HIV infected patients, with non-HIV patients often experiencing a more rapid and severe progression of symptoms.
2. The diagnosis of PCP in non-HIV patients can be challenging as the disease progresses quickly and they typically have a lower fungal burden. Methods discussed include microscopy, PCR, serum beta-D-glucan assays, and radiography.
3. Treatment typically involves TMP-SMX antibiotics, though adverse effects are common. Opt
Fournier gangrene i
This document provides an overview of necrotizing gangrene of the genitalia and perineum, a life-threatening soft tissue infection. The infection spreads along fascial planes and can be caused by anorectal, genitourinary, or cutaneous infections. Despite treatment including aggressive debridement and antibiotics, patients experience significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and complete removal of all necrotic tissue are essential for improved outcomes.
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Seminario de biologia molecular
- 1. Miguel Ángel Sotelo Tábares, Mateo Uribe Ramírez Third semester of medicine
- 2. Pneumocystis jirovecii It is an opportunistic fungus Associated pathologies: causes pneumonia primarily in hosts with compromised cell-mediated immunity Coloration : Gomori-Grocott, Blanco de calcoflúor and Merifluor Pneumocystis Typing: Pneumocystis strain typing was performed using restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses and multilocus sequence typing in combination with next-generation sequencing. INTRODUCTION
- 3. The transplanted patient is an immunosuppressed patient due to his clinical condition and becomes susceptible to infections such as Pneumocystis jirovecii Kidney transplant recipients and their relationship with Pneumocystis jirovecii
- 4. We observed a rise in cases of PCP among kidney-transplant recipients (KTR), prompting an outbreak investigation. OBJETIVE
- 5. METHODS Is responsible for the study of the biochemical and functional structural changes that underlie the disease in cells, tissues and organs It was carried out in order to find tissue characteristics that would guide the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia PATOLOGY 1.
- 6. METHODS 2. FRLP Technique based on the genetic identification of variants in a given population It was used to see the genetic variability of the pneumocystis jirovecii that was causing infection in transplant patients, the genetic variability was represented mainly by SNPs
- 7. METHODS 3. MLST The principle of MLST is simple: the technique consists of PCR amplification followed by DNA sequencing It is done to track nucleotide differences in a variable number of genes between strains
- 8. METHODS 4. PROPHYLAXIS It is based on the application of preventive techniques to avoid the spread of infectious diseases in the population, and in the event that their manifestation occurs, prophylaxis seeks to counteract their spread. It was used to prevent the contagion of recently transplanted patients, especially those with acute rejection in lymphocyte depletion therapy
- 9. RESULTS
- 10. RESULTS
- 11. RESULTS
- 12. RESULTS
- 13. DISCUSSION
- 14. CONCLUSIONS Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic fungus that attacks patients with recent kidney transplants, because these patients are immunosuppressed due to their treatment Genetic differences between strains of the same fungus, even if only by nucleotides, can make it more or less infectious It is important to relate concepts that help to a greater understanding regarding clinical complications related to transplants, specifically of the kidney.
- 15. CONCEPTUAL MAP
- 16. CONCEPTUAL MAP