1) The document discusses research on biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. A study found that increased levels of the protein Carbopeptidase E in the primary tumor, compared to surrounding normal tissue, predicted that the cancer would metastasize within two years in 90% of patients. 2) Additional research analyzed how GC content around splice sites affects splicing through pre-mRNA secondary structures. Variations in GC content can cause differences in structural stability between alternative and constitutive splice sites. 3) The student observes that this research enhances understanding of protein synthesis and cellular processes, and can aid in developing knowledge about DNA. It also allows promoting research in different medical fields, including discovering biomarkers for various cancer types.

1. CARBOPEPTIDASE E SPLICE VARIANT PREDICTS METASTASES.ANDGC CONTENT AROUND SPLICE SITES AFFECTS SPLICING THROUGH PRE-mRNA SECONDARY STRUCTURES. BY: ALEJANDRA ALVAREZSTUDENT OF MEDICINE

4. INTRODUCCION Hepatocellular carcinoma is the cause of death of many people in the world. It is caused by alcohol consumption, inflammation of the liver, among other causes. Through the research conducted in this disease failed to find a biomarker that indicates the presence and development of this cancer.Protein synthesis guarantees us the development, proliferation and cellular activity. for this is that the splicing is relevant in this process

5. CARBOPEPTIDASE E ESPLICE VARIANT PREDICTS METASTASESfrom the University of Hong Kong, analyzed 99 Hepatocellular carcinoma patients and quantified the amount of Carbopeptidase E to determine the ratio of tumor to normal tissue.

6. The investigators found that in 90 percent of Hepatocellular carcinoma patients, increase the Carbopeptidase E in primary tumor compared to surrounding normal tissue predicted that the cancer was going to return or metastasize in two years.

7. The prediction was independent of cancer stage

8. assay provides a major breakthrough in biomarker discovery with invaluable utility in cancer prognosis for predicting future metastasis and recurrence in patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma, and for other types of cancer as well.

9. This new is very important for the scientific community because it is used to search for new markers that indicate the presence of a disease like cancer and it also especificatehow bad it is. STUDENT OBSERVATION

10. GC CONTENT AROUND SPLICE SITES AFFECTS SPLICING THROUGH PRE-mRNA SECONDARY STRUCTURES. Alternative splicing increases protein diversity by generating multiple transcript isoforms from a single gene through different combinations of exons or through different selections of splice sites

11. Here we perform a genomic study of RNA secondary structures around splice sites in humans (Homo sapiens), mice (Musmusculus), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), and nematodes

12. We observe that GC content around splice sites is closely associated with the splice site usage in multiple speciesRNA secondary structure is the possible explanation, because the structural stability difference among alternative splice sites, constitutive splice sites, and skipped splice sites can be explained by the GC content difference

13. We also found that the GC-content effect is much stronger than the nucleotide-order effect to form stable secondary structures

14. . STUDENT OBSERVATIONThisresearchallowsthedevelopment of knowledgeaboutthesynthesis of proteins in allcellularprocesses and can beusedforthedevelopment of knowledge of DNA.

15. MEDICAL UTIILITY This allows to promote the research in different fields of medicine.

16. In the first case can be found as is possible new markers that enable the discovery of carcinomas of various types, In the first case can be found as is possible new markers that enable the discovery of carcinomas of various types, In the first case can be found as is possible new markers that enable the discovery of carcinomas of various types, In the first case can be found as is possible new markers that enable the discovery of carcinomas of various types, In the first case can be found as is possible new markers that enable the discovery of carcinomas of various types, In the first case can be found as is possible new markers that enable the discovery of carcinomas of various types, In the first case can be found as is possible new markers that enable the discovery of carcinomas of various types, In the first case can be found as is possible new markers that enable the discovery of carcinomas of various types, In the first case can be found as is possible new markers that enable the discovery of carcinomas of various types

17. in the second case shows the great importance of the processes occurring at the cellular level. in the second case shows the great importance of the processes occurring at the cellular level.

18. This show thatpeoplewantstoimprovethetecnologytohelpthe doctor tomake a better diagnosis

19. BILIOGRAPHY MARTINEZ S, Lina María. Biología molecular. 6. ed. Medellín: UPB. Fac. de Medicina.· Carboxypeptidase E SpliceVariantPredictsMetastasesJournal of ClinicalInvest.· GC contentaroundsplicesitesaffectssplicingthroughpre-mRNAsecondaryStructures.