Viruses as oncogenes
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in this ppt slide you study about oncogene and related viruses. they are very fatal because it responsible for tumor/cancer disease. so, all you read this
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My first proposal, Everyone knows a person that have or had Cancer. We know that Cancer dosen't have a cure an yet the therapies for it, sometimes, do more harm to the person because the therapy do not choose what kind of cell is going to destroy. But if we can develop a new kind of treatment, a less agresive and more effective one, we will increase the survival chances and minimizes the secondary efects.
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The researchers exposed wild type and p53 heterozygous mice to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to evaluate pulmonary disease. They found that while no mice developed mesothelioma, p53 heterozygous mice exhibited significantly larger granulomas in the lungs compared to wild type mice, indicating susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis. The study suggests the p53 gene is a susceptibility factor for lung fibrosis in mice exposed to MWCNTs.
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ONCOLYTIC VIRUSES AS AN ANTICANCER AGENT........ _________
This document outlines oncolytic viruses as anticancer agents. It begins with an introduction discussing the rising rates of cancer deaths worldwide and in Nigeria. It then provides historical background on early human trials of viruses for cancer treatment in the 1940s-1970s. The document discusses the characteristics and mechanisms of action of ideal oncolytic viruses, including their ability to selectively infect and lyse cancer cells. It also examines the genomic organization of several oncolytic viruses like adenovirus, maraba virus, herpes simplex virus, vaccinia virus, and poliovirus. Finally, it reviews current genetic manipulations of oncolytic viruses in clinical trials and their targeting of tumors.
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This document reviews oncogenic, or cancer-causing, viruses. It aims to highlight the distribution and epidemiology of viruses associated with cancer. Several viruses are known to or suspected of causing cancer in humans, including human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, human herpesvirus 8, human immunodeficiency virus, and human T-lymphotropic virus 1. Oncogenic viruses are divided into DNA and RNA viruses. They cause cancer through various mechanisms during viral replication, including activating oncogenes and causing mutations. The prevalence of viral infections worldwide that are associated with cancer varies by virus and region. Certain virus-induced cancers also have high rates globally, such
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My first proposal, Everyone knows a person that have or had Cancer. We know that Cancer dosen't have a cure an yet the therapies for it, sometimes, do more harm to the person because the therapy do not choose what kind of cell is going to destroy. But if we can develop a new kind of treatment, a less agresive and more effective one, we will increase the survival chances and minimizes the secondary efects.
UC Davis Abstract (250 words)
The researchers exposed wild type and p53 heterozygous mice to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to evaluate pulmonary disease. They found that while no mice developed mesothelioma, p53 heterozygous mice exhibited significantly larger granulomas in the lungs compared to wild type mice, indicating susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis. The study suggests the p53 gene is a susceptibility factor for lung fibrosis in mice exposed to MWCNTs.
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https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/
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This document discusses the role of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) in the skin cancer Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). It outlines three aims: 1) to determine if MCPyV can transform human cells and cause tumors in animals, 2) to identify wild-type MCPyV and test its infectivity and lytic potential, and 3) to investigate the mechanism of MCPyV-induced transformation through viral protein expression and interactions with cellular proteins. The identification of MCPyV in the majority of MCC tumors suggests it may be the first known human polyomavirus to cause cancer, which could lead to new treatment strategies if the virus's role is fully characterized.
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This document outlines oncolytic viruses as anticancer agents. It begins with an introduction discussing the rising rates of cancer deaths worldwide and in Nigeria. It then provides historical background on early human trials of viruses for cancer treatment in the 1940s-1970s. The document discusses the characteristics and mechanisms of action of ideal oncolytic viruses, including their ability to selectively infect and lyse cancer cells. It also examines the genomic organization of several oncolytic viruses like adenovirus, maraba virus, herpes simplex virus, vaccinia virus, and poliovirus. Finally, it reviews current genetic manipulations of oncolytic viruses in clinical trials and their targeting of tumors.
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Genome of Athelia rolfsii genome of ~65Mb having 20290 contigs. Annotation analysis revealed 16000 genes involved in fungicide resistance, virulence and pathogenicity along with and lethal genes.Genome have GC content 46.4%
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This document provides an overview of oncolytic viruses (OVs) as a potential cancer treatment. It discusses how OVs selectively target and kill cancer cells through direct lysis and stimulation of anti-tumor immunity. The mechanisms of OV action and various strategies for enhancing their efficacy are described, such as arming OVs with immunostimulatory genes or anti-angiogenic factors. Several OVs currently in clinical trials are highlighted, including T-VEC which was approved in 2015 for melanoma treatment. The document concludes that OVs show promise as a novel cancer immunotherapy but further research is still needed to address issues like viral resistance and toxicity.
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Viruses are responsible for approximately 20% of cancers in humans. Certain viruses have been directly linked to specific cancer types, such as hepatitis B and C viruses which cause hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver. Retroviruses like human T-cell lymphotropic virus can also trigger leukemia. Vaccines now exist for hepatitis B and human papillomaviruses, which are associated with cervical and other anogenital cancers. With new techniques, more virus-cancer links will likely be discovered in the coming years.
Infections and cancer
Oncoviruses like EBV, HBV, HCV, HHV-8, and HPV can cause cancer through several mechanisms. They establish long-term, persistent infections which allow them to integrate into the host cell genome. This can disrupt tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes, activating them into oncogenes. Oncoproteins also interfere with apoptosis and evade immune detection. However, viral infection alone is usually not sufficient to cause cancer, requiring additional genetic changes over many years. While infections contribute significantly to cancer worldwide, not all infected individuals develop tumors due to biological complexities in viral carcinogenesis.
Virotherapy,as a key for cancer treatment
Cancer is caused by unusual cell growth due to genetic mutations and can form benign or malignant tumors. Oncolytic viral therapy uses viruses that specifically infect and destroy cancer cells by exploiting differences between normal and cancer cells. Various strategies are used for tumor targeting including pro-apoptotic targeting using viral genes, transcriptional targeting by placing viral genes under tumor-specific promoters, and transductional targeting based on overexpression of receptors on cancer cells. Adenoviruses and reoviruses have been studied extensively as oncolytic viruses due to their ability to selectively replicate in and lyse cancer cells.
Oncolytic virus basis
- Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are viral strains that can infect and kill malignant cells without harming normal cells, while simultaneously stimulating the immune system and creating antitumor immunity.
- Early observations in the early 1900s found that some cancer patients experienced tumor regression after acquiring viral illnesses, which led researchers to hypothesize that genetically engineered viruses could be used to treat cancer.
- Since the first OV entered clinical trials in 1996, various OVs have been successfully tested against many cancer types and numerous clinical trials are currently evaluating their efficacy and safety.
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1) The document discusses research on biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. A study found that increased levels of the protein Carbopeptidase E in the primary tumor, compared to surrounding normal tissue, predicted that the cancer would metastasize within two years in 90% of patients.
2) Additional research analyzed how GC content around splice sites affects splicing through pre-mRNA secondary structures. Variations in GC content can cause differences in structural stability between alternative and constitutive splice sites.
3) The student observes that this research enhances understanding of protein synthesis and cellular processes, and can aid in developing knowledge about DNA. It also allows promoting research in different medical fields, including discovering biomarkers for various cancer types.
Overview on pandemic viral infections
With brief acknowledgment overview for Pandemic viral infections
#Pharmaceutical
#Medical
#Viral Infection
1.)Introduction
2.) Assessment
(a) Stages
3.) Management
(a.) Containment
(b.) Mitigation
4.) Viral Infection Process
5.) Concerning diseases
6.) List of Antiviral Drugs
7.) Types of viral Infection
8.) Virus Structure
9.) Modification
10.) Causative Agent
10.) Geographical Modification
11.) References
A pandemic is defined as “an epidemic occuring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people”. The classical definition includes nothing about population immunity, virology, or disease severity.
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Oncolytic Virotherapy
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are therapeutically useful viruses which selectively infect and damage cancerous tissues without causing harm to normal tissues. Every virus has a specific cellular tropism that determines which tissues are preferentially infected, and what disease is caused. A number of naturally occurring viruses have a preferential, although non-exclusive, tropism for tumors and tumor cells. This probably has more to do with tumor biology than with virus biology as most tumors have evolved not only to avoid immune detection and destruction but also to resist apoptosis and translational suppression, which are the crucial responses used by normal cells to limit a virus infection. OVs can kill infected cancer cells in a number of different ways, ranging from direct virus-mediated cytotoxicity through various cytotoxic immune effector mechanisms.
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This document describes a case study of a 4-year-old male patient presenting with generalized fatigue and abdominal protrusion for 2 weeks. On examination, enlarged lymph nodes were found and the liver and spleen were enlarged. Laboratory tests found anemia and abnormally high white blood cell count with many lymphocytes. Bone marrow aspiration revealed 98.5% lymphocytes. The patient was diagnosed with lymphoblastic leukemia and treated with iron injections over 33 days with little improvement. He later developed a rash typical of chickenpox and fever.
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This document discusses viral oncogenesis, or how viruses can cause cancer. It defines oncogenes as viral genes that can cause tumors and proto-oncogenes as normal cellular genes that viruses can modify to become oncogenes. It describes the two main types of oncogenic viruses as DNA viruses and RNA viruses, listing some examples of each. For RNA viruses, it explains that all oncogenic viruses are retroviruses and describes the general life cycle of retroviruses, from entering the cell to replicating and exiting. The document concludes that while not all retroviruses contain viral oncogenes, they can integrate near proto-oncogenes and modulate host cell growth to cause cancer.
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SOJGS encompasses genomic constitution, gene expression & regulation, heredity, genetic variation, gene mutations and genomic evolution etc. in all life forms (plants, animals and microcellular organisms). The scope of the journal covers cell reproduction, protein synthesis, metabolic molecular pathways, immune mechanisms, disease transmission and molecular origin of diseases.
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oncogenic viruses ppt.
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Viruses are found wherever there is life and have probably existed since living cells first evolved. There are millions of different types of viruses, although only about 5,000 types have been described in detail. There are more than 219 virus species that are known to be able to infect humans. The document then provides a history of early developments in virology including discoveries by Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Edward Jenner, Dmitry Ivanovsky, Martinus Beijerinck, and others. It discusses the structure, composition and classification of viruses.
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Viruses are responsible for approximately 20% of cancers in humans. Certain viruses have been directly linked to specific cancer types, such as hepatitis B and C viruses which cause hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver. Retroviruses like human T-cell lymphotropic virus can also trigger leukemia. Vaccines now exist for hepatitis B and human papillomaviruses, which are associated with cervical and other anogenital cancers. With new techniques, more virus-cancer links will likely be discovered in the coming years.
Infections and cancer
Oncoviruses like EBV, HBV, HCV, HHV-8, and HPV can cause cancer through several mechanisms. They establish long-term, persistent infections which allow them to integrate into the host cell genome. This can disrupt tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes, activating them into oncogenes. Oncoproteins also interfere with apoptosis and evade immune detection. However, viral infection alone is usually not sufficient to cause cancer, requiring additional genetic changes over many years. While infections contribute significantly to cancer worldwide, not all infected individuals develop tumors due to biological complexities in viral carcinogenesis.
Virotherapy,as a key for cancer treatment
Cancer is caused by unusual cell growth due to genetic mutations and can form benign or malignant tumors. Oncolytic viral therapy uses viruses that specifically infect and destroy cancer cells by exploiting differences between normal and cancer cells. Various strategies are used for tumor targeting including pro-apoptotic targeting using viral genes, transcriptional targeting by placing viral genes under tumor-specific promoters, and transductional targeting based on overexpression of receptors on cancer cells. Adenoviruses and reoviruses have been studied extensively as oncolytic viruses due to their ability to selectively replicate in and lyse cancer cells.
Oncolytic virus basis
- Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are viral strains that can infect and kill malignant cells without harming normal cells, while simultaneously stimulating the immune system and creating antitumor immunity.
- Early observations in the early 1900s found that some cancer patients experienced tumor regression after acquiring viral illnesses, which led researchers to hypothesize that genetically engineered viruses could be used to treat cancer.
- Since the first OV entered clinical trials in 1996, various OVs have been successfully tested against many cancer types and numerous clinical trials are currently evaluating their efficacy and safety.
Una revisión de los conocimientos fundamentales de la biología de la célula. ...
Una revisión de los conocimientos fundamentales de la biología de la célula. ...Universidad Popular Carmen de Michelena
Conferencia de la Dra. Ana María Roa, Bióloga Molecular, sobre Epigenética, impartida en la Universidad Popular Carmen de Michelena de Tres Cantos el 1 de marzo de 2013.
Más información en:
http://www.universidadpopularc3c.es/index.php/actividades/conferencias/event/448-conferencia-una-revision-de-los-conocimientos-fundamentales-de-la-biologia-de-la-celula-la-epigeneticaSEMINAR PRESENTATION GENOMICS.pptx
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Plegable ppp
1) The document discusses research on biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. A study found that increased levels of the protein Carbopeptidase E in the primary tumor, compared to surrounding normal tissue, predicted that the cancer would metastasize within two years in 90% of patients.
2) Additional research analyzed how GC content around splice sites affects splicing through pre-mRNA secondary structures. Variations in GC content can cause differences in structural stability between alternative and constitutive splice sites.
3) The student observes that this research enhances understanding of protein synthesis and cellular processes, and can aid in developing knowledge about DNA. It also allows promoting research in different medical fields, including discovering biomarkers for various cancer types.
Overview on pandemic viral infections
With brief acknowledgment overview for Pandemic viral infections
#Pharmaceutical
#Medical
#Viral Infection
1.)Introduction
2.) Assessment
(a) Stages
3.) Management
(a.) Containment
(b.) Mitigation
4.) Viral Infection Process
5.) Concerning diseases
6.) List of Antiviral Drugs
7.) Types of viral Infection
8.) Virus Structure
9.) Modification
10.) Causative Agent
10.) Geographical Modification
11.) References
A pandemic is defined as “an epidemic occuring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people”. The classical definition includes nothing about population immunity, virology, or disease severity.
Antiviral Hammerhead ribozymes are ef
Hammerhead ribozymes (hRzs) targeting two regions of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKv) genome were effective at inhibiting CHIKv replication and transmission in cell cultures and transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. hRz#9 and hRz#14 were the most potent inhibitors of CHIKv, preventing cytopathic effects in transformed Vero cells and blocking CHIKv transmission in the saliva of transgenic mosquitoes. While hRzs show promise as transgenic antiviral molecules for population replacement strategies, further analysis is needed using natural CHIKv strains and mosquito populations.
Oncolytic Virotherapy
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are therapeutically useful viruses which selectively infect and damage cancerous tissues without causing harm to normal tissues. Every virus has a specific cellular tropism that determines which tissues are preferentially infected, and what disease is caused. A number of naturally occurring viruses have a preferential, although non-exclusive, tropism for tumors and tumor cells. This probably has more to do with tumor biology than with virus biology as most tumors have evolved not only to avoid immune detection and destruction but also to resist apoptosis and translational suppression, which are the crucial responses used by normal cells to limit a virus infection. OVs can kill infected cancer cells in a number of different ways, ranging from direct virus-mediated cytotoxicity through various cytotoxic immune effector mechanisms.
Oncolytic Virus Therapy Development - Creative Biolabs
Oncolytic virotherapy is cancer treatment using a native or reprogrammed virus that has the potential to targeting and killing cancerous cell. Taking advantage of the OncoVirapy™ platform, Creative Biolabs provides customized, standardized, and reliable and high-quality oncolytic virus therapy development services for clients globally.
Oncolytic virotherapy
This document describes a case study of a 4-year-old male patient presenting with generalized fatigue and abdominal protrusion for 2 weeks. On examination, enlarged lymph nodes were found and the liver and spleen were enlarged. Laboratory tests found anemia and abnormally high white blood cell count with many lymphocytes. Bone marrow aspiration revealed 98.5% lymphocytes. The patient was diagnosed with lymphoblastic leukemia and treated with iron injections over 33 days with little improvement. He later developed a rash typical of chickenpox and fever.
Viral genome sequencing
CD Genomics provides viral genome sequencing services using Illumina and PacBio platforms to generate high-quality de novo assemblies of large viral genomes at low cost. Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth and significantly impact living organisms, but less than 0.01% have been sequenced. Viral genome sequencing holds potential for understanding virus diversity, ecology, adaptation, and evolution and enabling prediction of emerging infectious diseases. CD Genomics' sequencing services include no reference sequence requirement, complete characterization of viral genomes, identification of minor variants, and cost-effective high-throughput sequencing with fast turnaround of high quality data.
viral oncogenesis
This document discusses viral oncogenesis, or how viruses can cause cancer. It defines oncogenes as viral genes that can cause tumors and proto-oncogenes as normal cellular genes that viruses can modify to become oncogenes. It describes the two main types of oncogenic viruses as DNA viruses and RNA viruses, listing some examples of each. For RNA viruses, it explains that all oncogenic viruses are retroviruses and describes the general life cycle of retroviruses, from entering the cell to replicating and exiting. The document concludes that while not all retroviruses contain viral oncogenes, they can integrate near proto-oncogenes and modulate host cell growth to cause cancer.
SOJ Genetic Science
SOJ Genetic Science (SOJGS) is an Open Access Publication which aims to reveal the intriguing secrets encoded in the genetic codons. SOGS is a Scientific Journal that has dedicated itself for promoting genetic research and facilitating the application of this research in the fight against diseases. The deadliest of diseases like cancer and HIV can also be effectively managed by controlling the genetic pathways for these diseases.
SOJGS encompasses genomic constitution, gene expression & regulation, heredity, genetic variation, gene mutations and genomic evolution etc. in all life forms (plants, animals and microcellular organisms). The scope of the journal covers cell reproduction, protein synthesis, metabolic molecular pathways, immune mechanisms, disease transmission and molecular origin of diseases.
Dibakar ppt
Tumor viruses can infect cells through either a lytic or latent life cycle. In the latent cycle, the virus genome integrates into the host cell DNA and causes cellular transformation by interfering with normal cell growth control mechanisms. This transformation allows infected cells to proliferate unchecked and form tumors. There are two major classes of tumor viruses - DNA and RNA viruses. DNA tumor viruses like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus can contribute to cancers like hepatocellular carcinoma and cervical cancer. RNA tumor viruses are retroviruses that carry the enzyme reverse transcriptase and integrate their RNA genome into host cell DNA, possibly inserting oncogenes that drive transformation.
Basic knowledge of_viral_metagenome_vanshika-varshney
Viral metagenomics is the study of viral genetic material sourced directly from the environment rather than from a host or natural reservoir. The goal is to ascertain the viral diversity in the environment that is often missed in studies targeting specific potential reservoirs.
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oncogenic viruses ppt.
This document discusses oncogenic viruses and their role in cancer development. It begins with an introduction to viruses and cancer. Key points include that viruses can integrate into host cell DNA and express viral oncoproteins that alter cell growth pathways, leading to cellular transformation over multiple steps. Major oncogenic viruses discussed are human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B and C viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and human T-cell leukemia virus. The mechanisms of oncogenesis include introducing new oncogenes, altering expression of cellular genes, and affecting DNA repair and genetic stability.
VIROLOGY - INTRODUCTION
Viruses are found wherever there is life and have probably existed since living cells first evolved. There are millions of different types of viruses, although only about 5,000 types have been described in detail. There are more than 219 virus species that are known to be able to infect humans. The document then provides a history of early developments in virology including discoveries by Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Edward Jenner, Dmitry Ivanovsky, Martinus Beijerinck, and others. It discusses the structure, composition and classification of viruses.
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This document summarizes information about oncogenic viruses. It begins with definitions of oncoviruses and tumor viruses. It then estimates that viruses cause approximately 18% of human cancers. Several important historical discoveries are outlined, such as the first demonstration that avian sarcoma leukosis virus could cause leukemia when transmitted between chickens. Mechanisms by which viruses can cause cancer are discussed, such as by inserting oncogenes into host cells. Several specific DNA and RNA viruses that are known to cause cancer are described, including their associated cancer types. Precautions to prevent viral infection during cancer treatment are provided. In conclusion, viruses can stimulate cell proliferation and cause cancer through various mechanisms such as modifying proto-oncogenes or stimulating growth.
Reading assignment s144
1) The human JC virus (JCV) infects over 80% of humans and is associated with the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).
2) JCV has the ability to transform cells in culture and induce tumors in animal models. Its major oncoprotein, T-antigen, interacts with tumor suppressors like p53 and Rb to deregulate pathways controlling cell proliferation.
3) Studies suggest T-antigen promotes tumorigenesis by interacting with cellular proteins involved in proliferation signaling like IRS-1, disrupting tumor suppressor functions and activating pathways like IGF-1 signaling.
Chemotheraphy of cancer
Chemotherapy of cancer involves the use of drugs to treat cancer. There are several types of carcinogens or cancer-causing agents that can induce tumors, including chemical carcinogens, physical carcinogens like radiation, and biological carcinogens like viruses. The process of carcinogenesis involves initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer cells. Chemotherapy aims to destroy cancer cells through the use of cytotoxic drugs while limiting damage to normal cells. Common classes of chemotherapeutic agents target rapidly dividing cells by interfering with DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis.
Mycoplasma contamination of cell cultures
Biological contamination is the dread of every person working with cell culture. When cultures become infected with microorganisms, or cross-contaminated by foreign cells, these cultures usually must be destroyed. Since the sources of culture contamination are ubiquitous as well as difficult to identify and eliminate, no cell culture laboratory remains unaffected by this concern. With the continuing increase in the use of cell culture for biological research, vaccine production, and production of therapeutic proteins for personalized medicine and emerging regenerative medicine applications, culture contamination remains a highly important issue. Cell line cross-contamination can be a problem for scientists working with cultured cells. Studies suggest anywhere from 15–20% of the time, cells used in experiments have been misidentified or contaminated with another cell line. Problems with cell line cross-contamination have even been detected in lines from the NCI-60 panel, which are used routinely for drug-screening studies. Major cell line repositories, including the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), the European Collection of Cell Cultures (ECACC) and the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), have received cell line submissions from researchers that were misidentified by them. Such contamination poses a problem for the quality of research produced using cell culture lines, and the major repositories are now authenticating all cell line submissions. ATCC uses short tandem repeat (STR) DNA fingerprinting to authenticate its cell lines.
oncogenic viruses by dr rahul acharya.pptx
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), human papillomaviruses (HPVs), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)) and Merkel cell polyomavirus
Rabdo Rota Virus
This document discusses rhabdoviruses like rabies virus and reoviruses like rotavirus. It provides information on their structure, replication cycles, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment/prevention. Rhabdoviruses have a negative-sense RNA genome and cause diseases like rabies through bites. Rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe diarrhea in infants worldwide and have a double-layered capsid enclosing 11 segments of double-stranded RNA.
Cancer and virsues
This document discusses viruses that can cause cancer in humans. It describes how certain DNA viruses, like HPV and HBV, integrate into the host cell's genome and influence cell cycle progression by encoding proteins that alter normal cell cycle control genes. This leads to cellular transformation and the potential for tumor development. It provides details on specific human cancer-causing viruses, their viral oncoproteins that subvert the cell cycle, and the cellular targets and cancers they are associated with, such as HPV's role in cervical cancer through the actions of the E6 and E7 proteins.
[論文紹介] 古代の伝染性がん系統の体細胞進化と世界的拡大 (Somatic evolution and global expansion of an a...
論文紹介 (2019)
Somatic evolution and global expansion of an ancient
transmissible cancer lineage
古代の伝染性がん系統の体細胞進化と世界的拡大
※なぜか文字が表示されない場合は全画面表示や保存をすると表示されるようです。
SARS2 CoVID-19
SARS2 CoVID-19 is so far the latest endemic that has hit the humanity. This presentation is a sincere approach to understand about this class of viruses and the methods that can be used to prevent their further upgradation or genetic modification.
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
This document discusses cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), a precancerous condition affecting the cervix. It provides a historical background of CIN and describes the grading system used (CIN 1-3). Risk factors for CIN include HPV infection and early sexual activity. CIN results from abnormal cell growth in the cervix due to HPV infection. Progression from CIN to invasive cancer depends on the grade, with higher grades having greater risk. Diagnosis involves Pap testing, colposcopy, and HPV testing.
Viruses and viral diseases and oncogenesis
What is virus History of viruses Virus components How viruses act on genetic material Basic principles What is cancer TWO BASIC MECHANISMS Normal cell cycle ONCOGENES AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES CONTROL THE CELL CYCLE Proto ontogenesis and normal cell division CONCEPT OF ONCOGENES
Bbs2 mb k1 pendahuluan mikrobiologi
This document provides an introduction to microbiology. It outlines the specific learning objectives which include explaining the origins of microorganisms, notable figures in microbiology, Koch's postulates for identifying microbes as the cause of disease, and comparing the characteristics of viruses, bacteria, fungi, chlamydia, and rickettsia. It then discusses the history of microbiology including early pioneers like Van Leeuwenhoek, Jenner, Pasteur, and Koch and their key contributions to identifying and classifying microbes. Finally, it provides overviews of different types of microbes like bacteria, atypical bacteria, eukaryotes and their role in clinical microbiology.
Merkel cell
Merkel cells are specialized mechanoreceptor cells found in the basal layer of the epidermis that respond to light touch. They are innervated by sensory nerves. Merkel cells help transmit information about pressure and touch sensations to the central nervous system. Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare but aggressive form of skin cancer that is associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV). MCV infects most children asymptomatically but can later reactivate and integrate into the host cell genome if immune surveillance is compromised. This can lead to mutations that inactivate tumor suppressors and allow cells to proliferate uncontrollably, resulting in Merkel cell carcinoma.
Arena Virus
The potato virus X (PVX) is a plant RNA virus with a positive-sense single stranded RNA genome. Upon host cell infection, the viral replicase synthesizes minus-strand RNA from the genomic RNA to produce more genomic and subgenomic RNAs. These are translated to produce movement and coat proteins for cell-to-cell movement and virion encapsidation. PVX has a non-enveloped icosahedral structure and its genome contains 5 open reading frames encoding a replicase and proteins involved in cell-to-cell movement and virion formation.
art%3A10.1186%2Fs13039-015-0183-y
1) The document proposes an alternative theory that SV40 and other DNA tumor viruses cause cancer indirectly by inducing aneuploidy (an abnormal number of chromosomes), rather than directly through viral oncoproteins.
2) Aneuploidy destabilizes the genome and catalyzes random karyotypic and gene expression changes, eventually generating rare cell lineages with self-sufficient growth (cancer).
3) This explains characteristics of viral carcinogenesis like the low probability of cancer development, individual cancers phenotypes, and recurrence without viral proteins.
cancer immunology.pdf
This lecture discusses tumour immunology. The key points covered are:
1. Immune surveillance acts against viruses, not tumors. While immunosuppression increases risk of virus-associated cancers, it does not generally increase risk of non-viral tumors.
2. Tumors express tumor-associated antigens that can be recognized by the immune system. These include viral antigens in virus-associated tumors and mutated or overexpressed normal proteins in non-viral tumors.
3. Both T-cells and antibodies can detect tumor-associated antigens. Studies using mixed lymphocyte tumor cultures or monoclonal antibodies have helped identify some of these antigens.
4. Many tumor-associated antigens are normal proteins that are aberrant
virology-201119022601 (1).pdf
Viruses were first discovered in the late 1880s through experiments with tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many other viruses have been discovered that infect plants, animals and bacteria. Viruses are generally too small to be seen with a light microscope and have a variety of structures depending on their nucleic acid content and presence of an envelope. They replicate by infiltrating a host cell and using the cell's machinery to produce more viral particles. There is ongoing debate about whether viruses are considered living organisms.
Virology
Viruses were first discovered in the late 1880s through experiments with tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many other viruses have been discovered that infect plants, animals and bacteria. Viruses are generally too small to be seen with a light microscope and have a variety of structures depending on their nucleic acid content and presence of an envelope. They replicate by infiltrating a host cell and using the cell's machinery to produce more viral particles. There is ongoing debate about whether viruses are considered living organisms.
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Viruses as oncogenes
- 1. Department Of Microbiology VIRUSES AS ONCOGENES Presentated By - Kaushal Kishor Mishra M.SC. Microbiology ( third semester) Presented To – Dr. Ravish Katiyar
- 2. CONTENTS……. 1. INTRODUCTION 2. HISTORY 3. WHAT IS CANCER 4. CLASSIFICATION OF ONCOGENIC VIRUSES 5. HOW VIRUS CAUSES CANCER 6. MECHANISM OF ONCOGENICITY BY VIRUSES 7. VIRUSES ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN TUMOURS 8. DIAGNOSIS 9. PREVENTION 10. APPLICATION
- 3. Introduction … ONCOGENIC VIRUSES - Viruses that produce tumours in their natural host /experimental animals OR Which induced malingnant transformation of cell on culture. Features of oncogenesis ~ •Causes cancer in human and animals . •Long latency between viral infection and tumourigenesis . •Modulate growth control pathways in cells . •Viral marker present in tumour cells. Many viruses integrate their own genome in to host cells genome in order to replicate , mutagenesis caused by viral infection is a fairly common occurrence. Not all integrating viruses cause insertional mutagenesis, however some viruses as en- vironmental mutagenic factors. they cause induced gene mutation are probably due to insertion of fragments of viral DNA into the host chromosome (some are capable to transposition and reversion). Example – SV40, HPV, EBV, KSHV, HBV,HTLV etc.
- 4. History Ellerman and Bang (1908) reported that cell free filtrates from chicken with leukemia could transmit disease to healthy birds Shope (1932) - demonstrated viruses causing tumours in animals Rous (1911) – first discrived association with malignancy - Fowl sarcoma caused by virus . -nobel prize in 1966 . -isolated Rabbit fibroma virus (1932) and Pappiloma virus in (1933). Stewart and Eddy (1957) – discavered polyoma virus. Trentin (1962) – demonstrated sarcoma in newborn mice by by human Adenovirus discavery of tumorigenic potential of simian virus 40 . Burkitt (1965) – Buridentified Epstien Barr virus as causative agent for Burkitt’S lymphom first human tumours virus. Harald Zur Hausen (1974) – proposed HPV at etiologic agent of cervical cacer - Nobel prize in 2008 . Gallo etal (1981) – proposed causal role of HTLV1 in addult T cell leukemia . Chang etal (1994) – isolated kapoci sarcoma virus (HHV8), etc.
- 5. The uncontrolled division of cells or tissue by virus are called oncogenic cancer. OR Cancer result from alteration in critical regulatory gene that control cell proliferation, Differentiation, and survival of tumour viruses revealed that specific genes (oncogenes) Are capable of inducing cell transformation, their by providing first insights in to mole- Cular basis of cancer. About 10-20 percent human tumour are caused by virus. Proto-oncogenes –normal (pre-mutation or pre –diseased) genes. - present in normal cell. - conserved in their genomes . - code for proteins which regulate cell growth and differentiation Oncogenes –mutated version of proto- oncogenes -contribute to cancer development by disrupting a cells ability to control its growth. . What is oncogenic cancer
- 6. DNA virus RNA virus
- 26. THANKYOU FOR WATCHING MY PPT’S