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Rice Varieties with Higher Yield and Stress Tolerant Traits for Cropping System Intensification of the Coastal Ganges
The document discusses rice varieties developed for cropping systems in coastal Bangladesh that are tolerant to various abiotic stresses including salinity, submergence, and flash flooding. It provides a table listing rice varieties suitable for coastal areas and their traits. It also summarizes research conducted to develop new rice varieties such as BRRI dhan47 through marker-assisted backcrossing that can tolerate higher salinity levels and stabilize productivity in coastal regions.
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Rice Varieties with Higher Yield and Stress Tolerant Traits for Cropping System Intensification of the Coastal Ganges
- 1. Rice Varieties withHigher Yield and Stress Tolerant Traits for Cropping System Intensification of the Coastal Ganges Glenn B. Gregorio, Md. Rafiqul Islam, M Akhlasur Rahman, Abdelbagi M. Ismail International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh (BRRI)
- 2. BRRI IRRI Coastalzone of Bangladesh About 1M ha for rice 25-60 cm water stagnation in Wet season Photo-sensitive & tall varieties EC 6-12 dS/m (soil and water) in Dry season No rice in dry season at high saline areas before BRRI dhan47 and BINA dhan8 Need to improving the productivity (new rice variety and crop management)
- 3. Area of shrimpfarming BRACKISH SHRIMP FARMING IN COASTAL REGIONS
- 4. Table List ofthe rice varieties suitable for coastal areas PS = Photoperiod sensitive, NPS = Non-photoperiod sensitive, ST = Salt tolerant, MST = moderate salt tolerant, TST = Tidal submergence tolerant, FFST = Flash flood submergence tolerant, WS = wet season, DS= Dry season Sl # Designation Characteristics of the variety 1 BRRI dhan40 Long duration, bold grain, PS, MST, WS 2 BRRI dhan41 Long duration, medium bold grain, PS, MST, WS 3 BRRI dhan44 Long duration, bold grain, PS, TST, WS 4 BRRI dhan47 Medium duration, bold grain, NPS, ST, WS & DS 5 BRRI dhan51 Long duration, medium grain, PS, FFST, WS 6 BRRI dhan52 Long duration, medium bold grain, PS, FFST, WS 7 BRRI dhan53 Short duration, long grain, NPS, MST, WS & DS 8 BRRI dhan54 Medium duration, long grain, PS, MST, WS 9 BRRI dhan55 Medium duration, long grain, NPS, MST, WS & DS 10 BINA-8 Medium duration, bold grain, NPS, ST, WS & DS
- 5. BRRI dhan53 BRRIdhan54 BR23 BRRI dhan41 Duration 128 days Can tolerate 8-10 dS/m Yield 4.0 t/ha Duration 130 days Can tolerate 8-10 dS/m Yield 5.5 t/ha Duration 142 days Can tolerate upto 8 dS/m Yield 4.5 t/ha Duration 150 days Can tolerate upto 8 dS/m Yield 4.0 t/ha
- 6. BRRI dhan28 (sensitive)BRRI dhan47 (tolerant) Successful crop of BRRI dhan47 but damage of BRRI dhan28 in a shrimp field at Ashashuni
- 7. BRRI dhan47 BRRI dhan28 BRRI dhan47
- 8. Sub1 lines incontrolled Submergence Swarna BRRI dhan51 BR11 BRRI dhan52
- 9. Performance of IR72046-B-R-3-3-3-1 (DS) Kimilo Saraba Nagari Variety Grain yield (t ha -1 ) Yield adv. Khandagiri 2.2-4.8 (3.5) 0.4 – 2.6 t/ha 10-118% (45%) IR 72046-B-R-3-3-3-1 3.7-5.8 (4.9)
- 10. Tolerant varieties respondbetter to improved crop and nutrient management Nursery and field proper practices increase and stabilize productivity Proper management practices Intervention Yield increase (%) Improved variety (IV) 21-69% Improved management (IM) 16-38% IV + IM 51-130%
- 11. Types of salttolerant varieties* required by NARES *Pest and disease resistance, grain quality, and climatic stresses (cold, submergence, etc.) not considered Maturity Soil Stress Saline Saline-acid Saline-alkaline Early (115d) + - + Medium (130d) + + + Late (145d) + + - Moderate Photosen + + - Highly Photosen + + -
- 12. Agronomic traits ofthe 1,000 salinity tolerant elite lines Agronomic Traits No. of entries per SES 1 3 5 7 9 Vigor 278 349 113 37 3 Tillering Ability 146 277 357 0 0 Panicle Exser. 38 331 332 79 0 Shattering 41 73 274 341 51 Plant Height 582 (<100cm) - 169 (100-130) - 29 (>130) Maturity 181 early - 299 medium - 300 late
- 13.
- 14. BR28-Saltol is readyBR28 BR28-Saltol BR28 BR28-Saltol Identical to the mega-variety BR28 except for the Saltol region introgressed on chromsome 1 to confer salt tolerance BR28-SalTol = Available and being tested in the field IR64-SalTol = Seeds available for Distribution BR11-SalTol = Seed available for distribution BR29-SalTol= Almost complete
- 15. Tolerant varieties developedthought MABC are similar to original varieties Saltol confers intermediate to high tolerance Tolerance of Saltol lines confirmed, limits uptake of salts. Progress with 2-3 other QTLs targeted for pyramiding through MABC BR11-Saltol BR28-SalTol BR28 Progress in MABC for salinity tolerance
- 16. Two in one- Saltol and Sub1 Combining Saltol and SUB1 in one genetic background seems feasible with no apparent negative impacts on agronomic traits, and this will help develop more stable varieties adapted to coastal zones SalTol+ Sub1 Sub1 only Saline EC 12dS/m for 18 days
- 17. “ Two-in-one” stress-tolerantrice: salinity and submergence Yield trials at IRRI submerged for 14 days Genotypes % Survival Yield (t ha -1 ) 2009WS 2010DS 2009WS 2010 DS IR84649-814-2B 88 94 3.8 5.4 IR84645-311-22-1 78 93 3.3 4.4 IR64-Sub1 91 93 4.0 5.0 Swarna 25 26 2.0 1.9
- 18. Conclusion Enhancing rice-basedcropping systems in coastal areas requires new types of rice varieties with multiple abiotic stress tolerance and other desirable traits Development, distribution, and evaluation of new rice varieties are crucial in designing cropping patterns with the potential to at least double annual productivity Reduce farmers risks in the fragile coastal zones of the Ganges and other basins facing similar challenges.
Editor's Notes
- #3 Coastal zones og BD 1M ha saline prone that can be planted with rice. 25-60 water stagnation. PS 2-3 tons per ha low yield. BRRI54 and 53 new 2010. need var and management Salinity is a major problem in coastal zones of the Ganges and is worsening with sea level rise, increasing the vulnerability to food insecurity. New rice varieties are needed to help increase productivity and improve farmers’ livelihoods, and this is becoming possible with the development of a new generation of salt tolerant rice varieties, allowing more flexible farming systems and offering new opportunities for intensifying the cropping patterns in these area
- #4 Shrimp pond 6-12 dS/m. management needed to lessen salinity. DS only shrimp but can add rice if we manage salt
- #5 Insert IRRI var/lines with char
- #6 short mat date and more yd.
- #7 No bund. 3.5 .ha from BR47. Shrimp pond after 30 years the land was planted with rice
- #8 Expt plot in Satkhira.
- #9 51 swarna sub1, 52 BR11 sub 1
- #11 Tolerant variety and proper crop management example.
- #12 The types of salinity-tolerant breeding lines required by NARES are diverse because of various traits that determine adaptability and acceptability. Thus varieties should have a wide range of stress tolerance, growth duration within the range of 90 to 150 days and have photoperiodic sensitivity from insensitive to highly sensitive. The development of this range of material requires diverse breeding populations and likely necessitates pyramiding traits for tolerance of different stresses. For example in considering maturity, saline stressed area requires all types of maturity. In saline-acid areas do not need early types, and saline-alkaline areas need only earlier types.
- #13 IRRI’s salinity tolerance breeding program developed more than 1000 salinity tolerant elite lines with multiple tolerances to different abiotic stresses starting with salinity. These elite lines have different sources of tolerance and genetic background. They were selected following the breeding scheme above. Majority of the elite entries were vigorous. Plant vigor is one of the important trait of salinity tolerant rice especially at seedling stage. Almost all elite lines have high tiller numbers. This high tillering ability is another desirable trait of saline tolerant rice. There exist a considerable variation in plant height. Those lines with intermediate and tall plant heights are needed because some saline areas have stagnant water (30-50cm) and these taller salinity tolerant elite lines can adapt easily and tolerate higher water level. The growth duration of the elite lines showed a good distribution for early, medium, and late maturity, thus breeders and farmers have a range to choose from depending on the requirements in their area and season. Only recently early maturing salt tolerant lines were developed which is the most in demand type by farmers in saline areas to catch up with the early planting for the nest season crop either rice or other crops after rice. Some of these materials are being field tested for possible release as new variety through participatory varietal selection or the conventional national seed board testing in saline-prone areas.
- #15 Recent efforts using modern breeding tools have introgressed quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with salinity and submergence tolerance into mega varieties, which are now ready for evaluation
- #16 Recent efforts using modern breeding tools have introgressed quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with salinity and submergence tolerance into mega varieties, which are now ready for evaluation
- #17 Furthermore, breeding lines combining tolerance of salinity and submergence were recently developed using marker-aided selection, providing varieties that can survive both saline and submerged conditions. These new generations of rice varieties will help in developing new more productive and less risky cropping systems for coastal zones.
- #19 Enhancing rice-based cropping systems in coastal areas requires new types of rice varieties with multiple abiotic stress tolerance and a multitude of other desirable traits like short duration, optimum height and grain qualities specific for a particular region. Development, distribution, and evaluation of these new rice lines with farmers and for multiple seasons based on available resources are vital in designing enhanced cropping patterns with the potential to at least double annual productivity and reduce farmers risks in the fragile coastal zones of the Ganges and other basins facing similar challenges.