This document describes an experiment on callus induction and plant regeneration of three potato varieties (Granola, Diamant, Asterix) released by BARI. Sprouts of the three varieties were cultured on MS media supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators NAA and BAP. The results showed that maximum sprouting occurred at 400 ppm GA3 concentration. Granola showed earliest callus induction while Asterix showed latest. Highest callus size and weight were observed on 1.5NAA+1.0BAP medium. The experiment aimed to standardize a protocol for efficient callus induction and plant regeneration in these varieties.
This document is the thesis of Nurshat Jahan Moon submitted in partial fulfillment of a Master of Science degree in Genetics and Plant Breeding from Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University. The thesis examines callus induction and in vitro plant regeneration of popular potato cultivars released by the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. The thesis includes chapters on the introduction, literature review, materials and methods, results and discussion, summary and conclusion, references, and appendices.
This seminar discussed molecular studies and breeding approaches for developing salt tolerance in rice. Salt tolerance is polygenic and several genes for tolerance have been identified. The seminar covered definitions of saline and sodic soils, objectives of developing salt tolerance, physiological and morphological effects of salt stress, conventional and molecular breeding methods used, and progress made in identifying quantitative trait loci and genes related to tolerance. Marker-assisted selection and genetic transformation techniques are being used in molecular breeding to develop elite salt tolerant rice varieties for release.
This document summarizes research on developing climate-smart potato varieties for Bangladesh. It discusses climate change impacts like increased salinity levels. CIP and BARI have collaborated to introduce over 2,150 potato varieties from CIP to Bangladesh. Six varieties have been released including two new salt and heat tolerant varieties proposed for release. Trials were conducted across three locations evaluating yields of CIP clones under varying salinity levels. The clones CIP-102 and CIP-139 performed best with highest yields and tolerance to salinity. CIP-139 is proposed for release as a salt and heat tolerant variety that can help expand potato production to coastal areas affected by climate change.
Abstract
Potato is the second most important crop after rice in Bangladesh, where its production ranks seventh in the world. Salinity is one of the major hazards which hampers crop production in the coastal region, where levels range from 3.6 to 27.7 dS/m. Salinity levels vary with time and place and gradually increase in the dry period (December–March). A set of potato clones, bred by the International Potato Center (CIP), was evaluated for salt tolerance and productivity in replicated field trials in three coastal districts of Bangladesh. In each year of experimentation (2011–2015), salinity levels increased progressively during the season. In general they were higher at Patuakhali (0.9–18.0 dS/m) than at Satkhira (3.4–14.7 dS/m) and Chittagong (2.0–11.7 dS/m). Evaluation and selection were carried out on mean yield across the test sites, and the best performing clones were selected for the next year’s trial. Of the original 15 test clones, 2 (CIP 301029.18 and CIP 396311.1) were selected for evaluation in the regional yield trial; ‘Diamant’ and ‘Asterix’ served as checks. At the final stage of evaluation, five non-replicated field trials were conducted under farmers’ field conditions to validate the yield at farm level. Significant variation was found in yield and its components. In the regional yield trial, the highest tuber yield was found for CIP 301029.18 at Satkhira and Chittagong. At Patuakhali, the highest yield was found for CIP 396311.1. Across locations, CIP 301029.18 was the highest yielder (21.8 t/ha), followed by CIP 396311.1 (21.3 t/ha). The former produced 64% higher yield and CIP 396311.1 produced 32% higher yield compared with their corresponding check varieties. Similar ranking was found under farmers’ field conditions. After boiling, the two selected clones were found to be good in appearance and taste. and intermediate to mealy in texture. Finally, these two clones (CIP 301029.18 and CIP 396311.1) were found promising for their good productivity and quality under saline conditions, and are being considered for release as salt tolerant varieties in Bangladesh. Pot trials with saline-gradient treatments also showed that the two clones can tolerate up to 8 dS/m with respect to emergence, yield components, and proline accumulation. Our results suggest that potato could be included in cropping systems occupying suitable parts of more than 0.25 million ha of the coastal land with salinity levels up to 8.0 dS/m.
Abdullah Al Mahmud
This document summarizes a study on the resistance of different wheat genotypes to the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). 25 old and modern wheat varieties were tested against T. castaneum in the laboratory. Results showed that variety T21 was the most susceptible, with the highest adult beetle population, damaged grains, and frass weight. Varieties Barani-70 and Bhattai showed the lowest susceptibility. A positive correlation was found between adult beetle population and measures of damage. The study concludes that using resistant genetic sources and following proper storage practices can help minimize damage from this pest.
Significance of different growth regulators for successful cultivation of Cuc...AnupSahoo8
The document discusses the effects of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the growth and yield of various cucurbit crops. It finds that for cucumber, the combination of 50 ppm GA3 and 500 ppm NAA with double stem pruning provides the highest yield. For bottle gourd, 300 ppm Ethrel application results in the highest yield and other yield attributes. Similarly, for cucumber, 100 ppm GA3 leads to maximum fruit size and number. The document thus analyzes the role of various PGRs like auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and ethylene in regulating growth and yield of important cucurbit crops.
This document summarizes the results of a long-term study assessing the impacts of no-till and crop rotation diversity on soil organic carbon and other soil properties in South Dakota. Key findings include:
1) Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were consistently higher under no-till than conventional till across all depths and rotations.
2) The 4-year rotation generally had the highest SOC and TN compared to the 2-year and 3-year rotations.
3) Light fraction organic carbon and nitrogen followed similar trends as SOC and TN.
4) No-till increased wet aggregate stability and water infiltration compared to conventional tillage.
This document is the thesis of Nurshat Jahan Moon submitted in partial fulfillment of a Master of Science degree in Genetics and Plant Breeding from Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University. The thesis examines callus induction and in vitro plant regeneration of popular potato cultivars released by the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. The thesis includes chapters on the introduction, literature review, materials and methods, results and discussion, summary and conclusion, references, and appendices.
This seminar discussed molecular studies and breeding approaches for developing salt tolerance in rice. Salt tolerance is polygenic and several genes for tolerance have been identified. The seminar covered definitions of saline and sodic soils, objectives of developing salt tolerance, physiological and morphological effects of salt stress, conventional and molecular breeding methods used, and progress made in identifying quantitative trait loci and genes related to tolerance. Marker-assisted selection and genetic transformation techniques are being used in molecular breeding to develop elite salt tolerant rice varieties for release.
This document summarizes research on developing climate-smart potato varieties for Bangladesh. It discusses climate change impacts like increased salinity levels. CIP and BARI have collaborated to introduce over 2,150 potato varieties from CIP to Bangladesh. Six varieties have been released including two new salt and heat tolerant varieties proposed for release. Trials were conducted across three locations evaluating yields of CIP clones under varying salinity levels. The clones CIP-102 and CIP-139 performed best with highest yields and tolerance to salinity. CIP-139 is proposed for release as a salt and heat tolerant variety that can help expand potato production to coastal areas affected by climate change.
Abstract
Potato is the second most important crop after rice in Bangladesh, where its production ranks seventh in the world. Salinity is one of the major hazards which hampers crop production in the coastal region, where levels range from 3.6 to 27.7 dS/m. Salinity levels vary with time and place and gradually increase in the dry period (December–March). A set of potato clones, bred by the International Potato Center (CIP), was evaluated for salt tolerance and productivity in replicated field trials in three coastal districts of Bangladesh. In each year of experimentation (2011–2015), salinity levels increased progressively during the season. In general they were higher at Patuakhali (0.9–18.0 dS/m) than at Satkhira (3.4–14.7 dS/m) and Chittagong (2.0–11.7 dS/m). Evaluation and selection were carried out on mean yield across the test sites, and the best performing clones were selected for the next year’s trial. Of the original 15 test clones, 2 (CIP 301029.18 and CIP 396311.1) were selected for evaluation in the regional yield trial; ‘Diamant’ and ‘Asterix’ served as checks. At the final stage of evaluation, five non-replicated field trials were conducted under farmers’ field conditions to validate the yield at farm level. Significant variation was found in yield and its components. In the regional yield trial, the highest tuber yield was found for CIP 301029.18 at Satkhira and Chittagong. At Patuakhali, the highest yield was found for CIP 396311.1. Across locations, CIP 301029.18 was the highest yielder (21.8 t/ha), followed by CIP 396311.1 (21.3 t/ha). The former produced 64% higher yield and CIP 396311.1 produced 32% higher yield compared with their corresponding check varieties. Similar ranking was found under farmers’ field conditions. After boiling, the two selected clones were found to be good in appearance and taste. and intermediate to mealy in texture. Finally, these two clones (CIP 301029.18 and CIP 396311.1) were found promising for their good productivity and quality under saline conditions, and are being considered for release as salt tolerant varieties in Bangladesh. Pot trials with saline-gradient treatments also showed that the two clones can tolerate up to 8 dS/m with respect to emergence, yield components, and proline accumulation. Our results suggest that potato could be included in cropping systems occupying suitable parts of more than 0.25 million ha of the coastal land with salinity levels up to 8.0 dS/m.
Abdullah Al Mahmud
This document summarizes a study on the resistance of different wheat genotypes to the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). 25 old and modern wheat varieties were tested against T. castaneum in the laboratory. Results showed that variety T21 was the most susceptible, with the highest adult beetle population, damaged grains, and frass weight. Varieties Barani-70 and Bhattai showed the lowest susceptibility. A positive correlation was found between adult beetle population and measures of damage. The study concludes that using resistant genetic sources and following proper storage practices can help minimize damage from this pest.
Significance of different growth regulators for successful cultivation of Cuc...AnupSahoo8
The document discusses the effects of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the growth and yield of various cucurbit crops. It finds that for cucumber, the combination of 50 ppm GA3 and 500 ppm NAA with double stem pruning provides the highest yield. For bottle gourd, 300 ppm Ethrel application results in the highest yield and other yield attributes. Similarly, for cucumber, 100 ppm GA3 leads to maximum fruit size and number. The document thus analyzes the role of various PGRs like auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and ethylene in regulating growth and yield of important cucurbit crops.
This document summarizes the results of a long-term study assessing the impacts of no-till and crop rotation diversity on soil organic carbon and other soil properties in South Dakota. Key findings include:
1) Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were consistently higher under no-till than conventional till across all depths and rotations.
2) The 4-year rotation generally had the highest SOC and TN compared to the 2-year and 3-year rotations.
3) Light fraction organic carbon and nitrogen followed similar trends as SOC and TN.
4) No-till increased wet aggregate stability and water infiltration compared to conventional tillage.
This study evaluated the effects of early heat acclimation (EHA), and different periods of feed restriction (FR) on broiler performance under chronic heat stress. 480 broiler chicks were subjected to control, EHA, or FR for 4 or 6 hours daily from days 8-14, 8-21, or 8-28. Results showed that EHA and longer FR periods improved body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion compared to control, with FR from 8-28 days performing best. Mortality rate was lowest in birds subjected to EHA and longer FR. In conclusion, EHA and feed restriction can help mitigate the negative impacts of heat stress on broiler growth and welfare.
Improving quality of pulses through physiological approachesVivek Zinzala
This document summarizes a student's research on pulses. It provides background information on pulses, including their nutritional value and importance in India. It also shares results from the student's research, including the effects of plant growth regulators like salicylic acid and brassinolide on chickpea protein, carbohydrate, and methionine content. Tables show results on the nutritional composition and yield of chickpea and black gram in response to various treatments. In conclusion, the document presented the student's research on pulses.
The document describes experiments on organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) through tissue culture techniques. It aims to optimize micropropagation and determine genetic fidelity of regenerants. For organogenesis, hypocotyl explants resulted in callus formation while cotyledonary leaf explants led to shoot regeneration. The best medium for this was MS supplemented with auxins, cytokinins and adenine. Somatic embryogenesis was achieved from hypocotyl and cotyledonary leaf explants, with the highest response in the cotyledonary leaf. RAPD analysis showed regenerants were genetically uniform, confirming the clonal fidelity of micropropagated plants.
On farm research findings - sri secretariatswadhinbarik
Transplanting rice seedlings at 12 days old with 2 seedlings per hill at a spacing of 25x25cm followed by integrated nutrient management and weeding resulted in better rice yields. The document details several experiments comparing different rice transplanting techniques and management practices, including the effects of transplanting age, seedling density, spacing, and weeding methods on yield and yield attributes. It found that the SRI method of 12 days old seedlings transplanted singly at 25x25cm spacing with mechanical weeding had the highest yields.
In vitro shoot multiplication in okra (Ablemonschus esculentues).TAJNE SACHIN
1: In vitro shoot multiplication in okra (Ablemonschus esculentues).
2: About Okra Plant.
3: Application of Tissue culture in Okra.
4: Objective.
5: Material and Method.
6: Methodology.
7: Treatment schedule.
8: Result of Program
9: Conclusion
10:References
This document summarizes an experiment evaluating the tolerance of potato genotypes to osmotic stress conditions in vitro. Forty-two potato genotypes from international centers and local varieties were screened under normal conditions and two levels of osmotic stress induced by sorbitol. Various drought tolerance traits such as shoot and root growth, biomass, and proline content were measured. Most traits were significantly affected by genotype, sorbitol treatment, and their interaction. Several genotypes performed relatively better under stress and were identified as potentially drought tolerant for further evaluation under field conditions.
1. The study isolated and characterized rhizobacteria from cultivated soil samples in Ngaka Modiri Molema district municipalities that exhibited 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD) activity, a marker for plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.
2. 16S rDNA sequencing identified the isolated bacteria, which included Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sonorensis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus mojavensis.
3. Greenhouse screening found that inoculation of tomato seedlings with the ACCD-containing rhizobacteria, particularly B. pumilus, enhanced plant growth parameters like
The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) jointly hosted the International Conference on Climate Change and Food Security (ICCCFS) November 6-8, 2011 in Beijing, China. This conference provided a forum for leading international scientists and young researchers to present their latest research findings, exchange their research ideas, and share their experiences in the field of climate change and food security. The event included technical sessions, poster sessions, and social events. The conference results and recommendations were presented at the global climate talks in Durban, South Africa during an official side event on December 1.
IRJET- Regeneration studies in chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.)IRJET Journal
This study investigated regeneration in four chickpea varieties using mature embryo axes on MS and B5 media supplemented
with plant growth hormones. The varieties Vijay and Vishal showed 100% regeneration capacity on medium M3 (B5+BAP+NAA+Kinetin).
Regeneration started within 11-16 days depending on the variety and medium. There was variation in number of shoots produced
per explant. Profuse rooting occurred on media with 0.5-1.0 mg/L IBA. The protocol provides an efficient method for chickpea
regeneration that could enable genetic transformation.
Changes in levels of bio-chemicals and secondary metabolites during peak stre...ILRI
Presented by Ephraim Nuwamanya, Patrick R Rubaihayo, Settumba Mukasa, Samuel Kyamanywa, Robert Kawuki, Joseph Hawumba and Yona Baguma (NaCRRI/MAK) at the First Bio-Innovate Regional Scientific Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-27 February 2013
This document discusses safflower, including its origin, characteristics, production levels in India, and economic uses. It provides details on:
- India ranks first in area and production of safflower globally, with Maharashtra producing the most.
- Safflower is a drought tolerant crop grown as a rabi season crop for its oil and as a guard crop.
- Tables show optimal yields were obtained with 3 irrigations, at rosette stage, branching, and flowering. Intercropping with chickpeas also improved yields and profits.
- The document outlines nutrient, water, and weed management practices and includes variety recommendations.
This document discusses safflower, including its origin, characteristics, production levels in India, and economic uses. It provides details on:
- India ranks first in area and production of safflower globally, with Maharashtra producing the most.
- Safflower is tolerant to salinity but sensitive to waterlogging, and is grown as a rabi crop. It is a good option for dryland farming.
- The oil contains high levels of linoleic acid and is used to make soaps, varnishes, and for heart health.
- Tables show optimal yields are obtained with 3 irrigations, at rosette stage, branching, and seed development. Intercropping with chickpe
Effect of integrated nutrient management and mulching practices on performanc...PRAVEEN KUMAR
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic and biological components in an integrated manner.
TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING GRAIN QUALITY OF CEREALS Guru6005
This document summarizes research on improving the quality of various cereal grains through agronomic practices. It includes tables showing the effects of factors like planting methods, nutrient levels, tillage systems and crop rotations on the protein, starch, and oil content as well as yields of crops like maize, wheat and rice. The results demonstrate how agronomic biofortification through optimized fertilization and cultivation techniques can enhance the nutritional quality of staple grains.
- Trifluralin at 1 kg/ha + hand weeding at 100 days after sowing was the most effective treatment for controlling weeds in garlic. It resulted in the lowest population of four common weed species - Chenopodium didymus, Avena arvensis, Melilotus indica, and Convolvulus arvensis.
- Other effective herbicide treatments included oxyfluorfen at 0.2 kg/ha + hand weeding and isoproturan at 0.75 kg/ha + hand weeding. However, trifluralin provided the best weed control with the addition of a single hand weeding.
EFFECT OF PRE AND POST HARVEST TREATMENTS ON SHELF LIFE AND QUALITY OF PAPAY...Dr. Kalpesh Vaghela
This document summarizes research on pre and post-harvest treatments to extend the shelf life and quality of papaya fruits. It discusses how foliar sprays of nutrients like iron, zinc and boron can increase nutrients in papaya. It also discusses how gibberellic acid sprays before harvest and proper maturity at harvest can increase sugars and ascorbic acid in papaya. Post-harvest techniques like hot water dipping, coating and packaging are shown to slow respiration and microbial growth, extending papaya shelf life up to 2 weeks. The document provides data to support the effects of various pre and post-harvest treatments on papaya quality and shelf life.
This document summarizes the results of several studies on the effects of foliar sprays on greengram (Vigna radiata L.). It includes 8 tables that show the effects of different foliar sprays such as urea, DAP, micronutrients, and plant growth regulators on various growth, yield and economic parameters of greengram. The foliar sprays generally increased plant height, leaves, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components, and net returns compared to the control treatment without any foliar spray. Combinations of different sprays led to the highest increases in parameters measured.
hybrid pigeonpea yield maximization through transplanting bathualavenkatesh
1) Transplanting pigeonpea seedlings at 21-28 days old led to higher yields than direct sowing, with transplanting at 21 days providing the highest yields.
2) Higher plant populations from narrower spacing (90x90 cm or 120x90 cm) with transplanting led to greater stem girth, plant growth and yields than the normal planting spacing of 90x20 cm.
3) Hybrid varieties and application of nitrogen fertilizer both increased pigeonpea yields compared to local varieties or no fertilizer. Transplanting methods along with optimized plant populations, varieties and fertilizer can help maximize pigeonpea yields under rainfed conditions.
Sulphur is an essential macro nutrient for all crops, especially in oilseed crops it helps in improving in the yield of Oil content and also enhances the essential aminio acids content.
ABSTRACT: The Study was undertaken with an objective to develop a protocol for micropropagation of Pongamia pinnata pierre through shoot apex segments shoot of 0.5 to 1.0 cm were collected and used as a explant. The treatment of 1.0 NaOCl (Sodium hypochloride) (W/v) solution 1 minute to 10 minute time duration. These treated explant washed trice with double distilled water and cultured in MS (Murashige and skoog) medium. In this experiment auxin 2, 4-D, NAA and cytokinin BAP, Kinetin were used for optimization of maximum callus induction.
Shoot apex explant culturing callus induction maximum callus is produced when MS medium with 3.0 mg/l, 2, 4-D and BAP 0.5 mg/l, the optimized physical condition has to be maintain throughout the experiment. In this study about 30 to 35% mature sotmatic embryos germinated after sub culture from shoot apex. Different concentration and combination of NAA, IAA, IBA and BAP were used to inducted rooting on MS based medium. When the hight in vitro shoot, were reached up to 8 cm with healthy shooted roots, the plants were ready for hardening. The complete protocol for somatic embryogenesis, shoot induction, root induction up to hardening.
This study evaluated the effects of early heat acclimation (EHA), and different periods of feed restriction (FR) on broiler performance under chronic heat stress. 480 broiler chicks were subjected to control, EHA, or FR for 4 or 6 hours daily from days 8-14, 8-21, or 8-28. Results showed that EHA and longer FR periods improved body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion compared to control, with FR from 8-28 days performing best. Mortality rate was lowest in birds subjected to EHA and longer FR. In conclusion, EHA and feed restriction can help mitigate the negative impacts of heat stress on broiler growth and welfare.
Improving quality of pulses through physiological approachesVivek Zinzala
This document summarizes a student's research on pulses. It provides background information on pulses, including their nutritional value and importance in India. It also shares results from the student's research, including the effects of plant growth regulators like salicylic acid and brassinolide on chickpea protein, carbohydrate, and methionine content. Tables show results on the nutritional composition and yield of chickpea and black gram in response to various treatments. In conclusion, the document presented the student's research on pulses.
The document describes experiments on organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) through tissue culture techniques. It aims to optimize micropropagation and determine genetic fidelity of regenerants. For organogenesis, hypocotyl explants resulted in callus formation while cotyledonary leaf explants led to shoot regeneration. The best medium for this was MS supplemented with auxins, cytokinins and adenine. Somatic embryogenesis was achieved from hypocotyl and cotyledonary leaf explants, with the highest response in the cotyledonary leaf. RAPD analysis showed regenerants were genetically uniform, confirming the clonal fidelity of micropropagated plants.
On farm research findings - sri secretariatswadhinbarik
Transplanting rice seedlings at 12 days old with 2 seedlings per hill at a spacing of 25x25cm followed by integrated nutrient management and weeding resulted in better rice yields. The document details several experiments comparing different rice transplanting techniques and management practices, including the effects of transplanting age, seedling density, spacing, and weeding methods on yield and yield attributes. It found that the SRI method of 12 days old seedlings transplanted singly at 25x25cm spacing with mechanical weeding had the highest yields.
In vitro shoot multiplication in okra (Ablemonschus esculentues).TAJNE SACHIN
1: In vitro shoot multiplication in okra (Ablemonschus esculentues).
2: About Okra Plant.
3: Application of Tissue culture in Okra.
4: Objective.
5: Material and Method.
6: Methodology.
7: Treatment schedule.
8: Result of Program
9: Conclusion
10:References
This document summarizes an experiment evaluating the tolerance of potato genotypes to osmotic stress conditions in vitro. Forty-two potato genotypes from international centers and local varieties were screened under normal conditions and two levels of osmotic stress induced by sorbitol. Various drought tolerance traits such as shoot and root growth, biomass, and proline content were measured. Most traits were significantly affected by genotype, sorbitol treatment, and their interaction. Several genotypes performed relatively better under stress and were identified as potentially drought tolerant for further evaluation under field conditions.
1. The study isolated and characterized rhizobacteria from cultivated soil samples in Ngaka Modiri Molema district municipalities that exhibited 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD) activity, a marker for plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.
2. 16S rDNA sequencing identified the isolated bacteria, which included Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sonorensis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus mojavensis.
3. Greenhouse screening found that inoculation of tomato seedlings with the ACCD-containing rhizobacteria, particularly B. pumilus, enhanced plant growth parameters like
The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) jointly hosted the International Conference on Climate Change and Food Security (ICCCFS) November 6-8, 2011 in Beijing, China. This conference provided a forum for leading international scientists and young researchers to present their latest research findings, exchange their research ideas, and share their experiences in the field of climate change and food security. The event included technical sessions, poster sessions, and social events. The conference results and recommendations were presented at the global climate talks in Durban, South Africa during an official side event on December 1.
IRJET- Regeneration studies in chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.)IRJET Journal
This study investigated regeneration in four chickpea varieties using mature embryo axes on MS and B5 media supplemented
with plant growth hormones. The varieties Vijay and Vishal showed 100% regeneration capacity on medium M3 (B5+BAP+NAA+Kinetin).
Regeneration started within 11-16 days depending on the variety and medium. There was variation in number of shoots produced
per explant. Profuse rooting occurred on media with 0.5-1.0 mg/L IBA. The protocol provides an efficient method for chickpea
regeneration that could enable genetic transformation.
Changes in levels of bio-chemicals and secondary metabolites during peak stre...ILRI
Presented by Ephraim Nuwamanya, Patrick R Rubaihayo, Settumba Mukasa, Samuel Kyamanywa, Robert Kawuki, Joseph Hawumba and Yona Baguma (NaCRRI/MAK) at the First Bio-Innovate Regional Scientific Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-27 February 2013
This document discusses safflower, including its origin, characteristics, production levels in India, and economic uses. It provides details on:
- India ranks first in area and production of safflower globally, with Maharashtra producing the most.
- Safflower is a drought tolerant crop grown as a rabi season crop for its oil and as a guard crop.
- Tables show optimal yields were obtained with 3 irrigations, at rosette stage, branching, and flowering. Intercropping with chickpeas also improved yields and profits.
- The document outlines nutrient, water, and weed management practices and includes variety recommendations.
This document discusses safflower, including its origin, characteristics, production levels in India, and economic uses. It provides details on:
- India ranks first in area and production of safflower globally, with Maharashtra producing the most.
- Safflower is tolerant to salinity but sensitive to waterlogging, and is grown as a rabi crop. It is a good option for dryland farming.
- The oil contains high levels of linoleic acid and is used to make soaps, varnishes, and for heart health.
- Tables show optimal yields are obtained with 3 irrigations, at rosette stage, branching, and seed development. Intercropping with chickpe
Effect of integrated nutrient management and mulching practices on performanc...PRAVEEN KUMAR
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic and biological components in an integrated manner.
TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING GRAIN QUALITY OF CEREALS Guru6005
This document summarizes research on improving the quality of various cereal grains through agronomic practices. It includes tables showing the effects of factors like planting methods, nutrient levels, tillage systems and crop rotations on the protein, starch, and oil content as well as yields of crops like maize, wheat and rice. The results demonstrate how agronomic biofortification through optimized fertilization and cultivation techniques can enhance the nutritional quality of staple grains.
- Trifluralin at 1 kg/ha + hand weeding at 100 days after sowing was the most effective treatment for controlling weeds in garlic. It resulted in the lowest population of four common weed species - Chenopodium didymus, Avena arvensis, Melilotus indica, and Convolvulus arvensis.
- Other effective herbicide treatments included oxyfluorfen at 0.2 kg/ha + hand weeding and isoproturan at 0.75 kg/ha + hand weeding. However, trifluralin provided the best weed control with the addition of a single hand weeding.
EFFECT OF PRE AND POST HARVEST TREATMENTS ON SHELF LIFE AND QUALITY OF PAPAY...Dr. Kalpesh Vaghela
This document summarizes research on pre and post-harvest treatments to extend the shelf life and quality of papaya fruits. It discusses how foliar sprays of nutrients like iron, zinc and boron can increase nutrients in papaya. It also discusses how gibberellic acid sprays before harvest and proper maturity at harvest can increase sugars and ascorbic acid in papaya. Post-harvest techniques like hot water dipping, coating and packaging are shown to slow respiration and microbial growth, extending papaya shelf life up to 2 weeks. The document provides data to support the effects of various pre and post-harvest treatments on papaya quality and shelf life.
This document summarizes the results of several studies on the effects of foliar sprays on greengram (Vigna radiata L.). It includes 8 tables that show the effects of different foliar sprays such as urea, DAP, micronutrients, and plant growth regulators on various growth, yield and economic parameters of greengram. The foliar sprays generally increased plant height, leaves, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components, and net returns compared to the control treatment without any foliar spray. Combinations of different sprays led to the highest increases in parameters measured.
hybrid pigeonpea yield maximization through transplanting bathualavenkatesh
1) Transplanting pigeonpea seedlings at 21-28 days old led to higher yields than direct sowing, with transplanting at 21 days providing the highest yields.
2) Higher plant populations from narrower spacing (90x90 cm or 120x90 cm) with transplanting led to greater stem girth, plant growth and yields than the normal planting spacing of 90x20 cm.
3) Hybrid varieties and application of nitrogen fertilizer both increased pigeonpea yields compared to local varieties or no fertilizer. Transplanting methods along with optimized plant populations, varieties and fertilizer can help maximize pigeonpea yields under rainfed conditions.
Sulphur is an essential macro nutrient for all crops, especially in oilseed crops it helps in improving in the yield of Oil content and also enhances the essential aminio acids content.
ABSTRACT: The Study was undertaken with an objective to develop a protocol for micropropagation of Pongamia pinnata pierre through shoot apex segments shoot of 0.5 to 1.0 cm were collected and used as a explant. The treatment of 1.0 NaOCl (Sodium hypochloride) (W/v) solution 1 minute to 10 minute time duration. These treated explant washed trice with double distilled water and cultured in MS (Murashige and skoog) medium. In this experiment auxin 2, 4-D, NAA and cytokinin BAP, Kinetin were used for optimization of maximum callus induction.
Shoot apex explant culturing callus induction maximum callus is produced when MS medium with 3.0 mg/l, 2, 4-D and BAP 0.5 mg/l, the optimized physical condition has to be maintain throughout the experiment. In this study about 30 to 35% mature sotmatic embryos germinated after sub culture from shoot apex. Different concentration and combination of NAA, IAA, IBA and BAP were used to inducted rooting on MS based medium. When the hight in vitro shoot, were reached up to 8 cm with healthy shooted roots, the plants were ready for hardening. The complete protocol for somatic embryogenesis, shoot induction, root induction up to hardening.
2. 22
Prepared By
Nushrat Jahan Moon
Reg No: 05-01837
Departemnt of genetics and Plant breeding
June- December’ 2010
CALLUS INDUCTION AND IN
VITRO PLANT REGENERATION
OF BARI RELEASED POPULAR
POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.)
CULTIVARS
4. 4 4
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important
vegetable crops in Bangladesh as well as world contests.
In Bangladesh total area under potato crop has been
estimated
at 4,60,197 hectares and 18.093 M. Tons/ha of potato were
produced during 2010-2011 (BBS, 2011).
Low supply and higher price of quality seeds, the potato
plants are infected by different viruses, bacteria, fungi, viroids
and many insect pests.
Plant tissue culture offers an efficient method for production
and rapid propagation of pathogen-free material and
germplasm preservation of plants to overcome this unwanted
Introduction
5. 5 5
Introduction Cont’d
Creation of novel germplasm through techniques of tissue
culture and gene transfer holds great potential for improving
the quality, resistance to diseases and agronomic characters
of potato (Jayasree et al. 2001).
A reproducible protocol for in vitro regeneration is a
prerequisite for varietal improvement through genetic
engineering.
Both callus induction and plant regenerations from explants
require the presence of appropriate combinations and
concentration of plant growth regulators in the cultured media
(Ehsanpour and Jones, 2000; Fiegert, 2000; Ahn et al. 2001).
It is important to standardize the protocol of explants
response for callus induction and plant regeneration through
callus of potato cultivars.
6. 66
To study the performance of in vitro callus induction of
three BARI released popular potato cultivars.
To investigate the callus induction and plant regeneration
ability of potato with optimum concentration of NAA and
BAP.
To establish an effective regeneration protocol of BARI
released potato with optimum concentration of plant
growth regulator.
In vitro multiplication of plantlet in a short period of time.
Objectives
8. 88
Experimental materials are sprouts
of three BARI released popular
potato cultivars
1.Granola (BARI Alu- 13)
2.Diamant (BARI Alu- 07)
3.Asterix (BARI Alu-25).
Materials
10. 1010
ment 1: Sprouting potentiality of three BARI released
potato under different concentrations of GA3
treatment
Experiment 2: Callus induction and plant regeneration
of three potato varieties supplemented with
different concentrations of NAA and BAP
Experiment 3: Acclimatization and establishment of
plantlets in soil
Experiments
11. 1111
Sprout initiation Explant sterilization Inoculation Callus induction
Plant regenerationPottingTransfer to the field Subculture of plantlets
MethodologyDatacollectionandanalysis
12. 12 12
Murashige and Skoog (MS)
media
Stock solution of
macronutrients (stock 1)
Stock solution of
micronutrients (stock 2)
Stock solution of Fe-EDTA
(stock 3)
Stock solution of vitamins
and growth regulators
(stock 4)
T1=Normal MS
T2=0.5BAP
T3=1.0BAP
T4=1.5BAP
T5=2.0BAP
T6= 1.0NAA
T7=1.0NAA+0.5BAP
T8=1.0NAA+1.0BAP
T9=1.0NAA+1.5BAP
T10=1.0NAA+2.0BAP
T11= 1.5NAA
T12=1.5NAA+0.5BAP
T13=1.5NAA+1.0BAP
T14=1.5NAA+1.5BAP
T15=1.5NAA+2.0BAP
HormoneCulture media
23. 2323
Plate 3: Callus induction at 7 DAI on MS media supplemented with
1.0 mg/L NAA+1.5 mg/L BAP in Granola, Diamant and
Asterix
Days to callus induction
Granola Diamant Asterix
24. 24 24
Maximum size of callus
Plate 4: Maximum size of callus at 7 DAI
on MS media supplemented with
1.5 mg/L NAA in Granola,
Diamant and Asterix
Plate 5: Maximum size of callus at 14 DAI
on MS media supplemented with 1.5
mg/L NAA in Granola, Diamant
and Asterix
Granola Granola Diamant AsterixDiamant Asterix
25. 2525
Maximum size of callus
Plate 6: Maximum size of callus at 21 DAI
on MS media supplemented with
1.5 mg/L NAA in Granola, Diamant
and Asterix
Plate 7: Maximum size of callus at 28 DAI
on MS media supplemented with 1.5
mg/L NAA in Granola, Diamant and
Asterix
Granola GranolaDiamant DiamantAsterix Asterix
26. 2626
Percentage of callus induction
Granola
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 T15
Treatment
%ofcallusinduction
Figure 1: Effect of different hormones on percentage of
callus induction of Granola
T1=Normal MS
T2=0.5BAP
T3=1.0BAP
T4=1.5BAP
T5=2.0BAP
T6= 1.0NAA
T7=1.0NAA+0.5BAP
T8=1.0NAA+1.0BAP
T9=1.0NAA+1.5BAP
T10=1.0NAA+2.0BAP
T11= 1.5NAA
T12=1.5NAA+0.5BAP
T13=1.5NAA+1.0BAP
T14=1.5NAA+1.5BAP
T15=1.5NAA+2.0BAP
27. 2727
Diamant
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 T15
Treatment
%ofcallusinduction
Figure 2: Effect of different hormones on percentage
of callus induction of Diamant
Percentage of callus induction
T1=Normal MS
T2=0.5BAP
T3=1.0BAP
T4=1.5BAP
T5=2.0BAP
T6= 1.0NAA
T7=1.0NAA+0.5BAP
T8=1.0NAA+1.0BAP
T9=1.0NAA+1.5BAP
T10=1.0NAA+2.0BAP
T11= 1.5NAA
T12=1.5NAA+0.5BAP
T13=1.5NAA+1.0BAP
T14=1.5NAA+1.5BAP
T15=1.5NAA+2.0BAP
28. 2828
Asterix
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 T15
Treatment
%ofcallusinduction
Figure 3: Effect of different hormones on percentage
of callus induction of Asterix
Percentage of callus induction
T1=Normal MS
T2=0.5BAP
T3=1.0BAP
T4=1.5BAP
T5=2.0BAP
T6= 1.0NAA
T7=1.0NAA+0.5BAP
T8=1.0NAA+1.0BAP
T9=1.0NAA+1.5BAP
T10=1.0NAA+2.0BAP
T11= 1.5NAA
T12=1.5NAA+0.5BAP
T13=1.5NAA+1.0BAP
T14=1.5NAA+1.5BAP
T15=1.5NAA+2.0BAP
29. 2929
Table 5: Effect of different varieties on days to shoot initiation and
number of shoot/plant at different days after inoculation
Variety Days to
shoot
initiation
Number of shoot/plant
7 DAI 14 DAI 21 DAI 28 DAI
Granola 13.17 0.84 1.59 2.13 3.00
Diamant 13.63 0.52 0.92 1.52 2.12
Asterix 15.09 0.44 0.91 1.12 1.91
SE± 0.567 0.058 0.081 0.089 0.120
Max 15.09 0.84 1.59 2.13 3.00
Min 13.17 0.44 0.91 1.12 1.91
LSD 0.995 0.128 0.198 0.217 0.366
Level of
significance ** ** ** ** **
30. 3030
Table 6: Effect of different hormones on days to shoot initiation and number of
shoot/plant at different days after inoculation
Hormone
Days to shoot
initiation
Number of shoot/plant
7 DAI 14 DAI 21 DAI 28 DAI
T1=Normal MS 7.00 1.00 1.27 1.80 2.40
T2=0.5BAP 7.00 1.67 2.67 3.00 4.07
T3=1.0BAP 7.00 1.67 2.27 2.53 3.73
T4=1.5BAP 11.33 0.40 1.00 1.20 1.60
T5=2.0BAP 7.00 1.27 2.13 2.87 3.73
T6= 1.0NAA 22.27 0.00 0.20 0.60 1.27
T7=1.0NAA+0.5BAP 18.73 0.33 0.67 1.33 1.87
T8=1.0NAA+1.0BAP 22.93 0.00 0.27 0.93 1.67
T9=1.0NAA+1.5BAP 16.07 0.00 0.07 0.86 1.73
T10=1.0NAA+2.0BAP 10.47 0.27 0.60 0.93 1.13
T11= 1.5NAA 23.47 0.00 0.07 0.40 0.87
T12=1.5NAA+0.5BAP 9.33 0.67 1.67 2.33 2.67
T13=1.5NAA+1.0BAP 22.67 0.00 0.40 0.53 1.53
T14=1.5NAA+1.5BAP 6.87 1.73 3.00 3.40 4.87
T15=1.5NAA+2.0BAP 17.33 0.00 0.80 1.13 2.00
SE± 0.567 0.058 0.081 0.089 0.120
Max 23.47 1.73 3.00 3.40 4.87
Min 6.87 0.27 0.07 0.40 0.87
LSD 2.226 0.286 0.442 0.485 0.818
Level of significance ** ** ** ** **
31. 31 31
Table 7: Combined effect of different varieties and different hormones on shoot
induction and number of shoot/plant at different days after inoculation
Variety Hormone Days to
shoot
initiation
Number of shoot/plant
7 DAI 14 DAI 21 DAI 28 DAI
Granola T1=Normal MS 7.00 1.00 1.00 1.60 2.60
T2=0.5BAP 7.00 1.60 2.60 3.00 4.00
T3=1.0BAP 7.00 3.00 3.60 4.60 5.80
T2=1.5BAP 7.00 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
T5=2.0BAP 7.00 1.40 3.00 3.40 4.60
T6= 1.0NAA 13.00 0.20 1.00 1.00 1.60
T7=1.0NAA+0.5BAP 14.00 0.80 1.60 2.20 2.60
T8=1.0NAA+1.0BAP 19.60 0.00 0.40 1.60 1.80
T9=1.0NAA+1.5BAP 21.00 0.00 0.20 1.00 1.60
T10=1.0NAA+2.0BAP 17.40 0.40 1.20 1.80 1.80
T11= 1.5NAA 15.40 0.00 1.00 1.60 1.80
T12=1.5NAA+0.5BAP 25.20 0.00 0.00 0.80 2.40
T13=1.5NAA+1.0BAP 14.00 0.00 1.20 1.20 2.20
T14=1.5NAA+1.5BAP 5.40 3.20 4.00 4.80 7.00
T15=1.5NAA+2.0BAP 17.60 0.00 0.60 0.80 1.80
34. 3434
Plate 8: Initiated shoot at 7 DAI on MS media supplemented with 1.5
mg/L NAA+1.5 mg/LBAP in Granola, Diamant and Asterix
Granola Diamant Asterix
Days to shoot initiation
35. 3535
Maximum number of shoot/plant
Plate 9: Maximum number of shoot initiated at
7 DAI on MS media supplemented with
1.5 mg/L NAA+ 1.5 mg/L BAP in
Granola, Diamant and Asterix
Plate 10:Maximum number of shoot initiated
at 14 DAI on MS media
supplemented with 1.5 mg/L NAA+
1.5 mg/L BAP in Granola, Diamant
and Asterix
Granola GranolaDiamant DiamantAsterix Asterix
36. 3636
Maximum number of shoot/plant
Plate 11: Maximum number of shoot initiated
at 21 DAI on MS media supplemented
with 1.5 mg/L NAA+ 1.5 mg/L BAP in
Granola, Diamant and Asterix
Plate 12: Maximum number of shoot initiated
28 DAI on MS media supplemented
with 1.5 mg/L NAA+ 1.5 mg/L BAP in
Granola, Diamant and Asterix
Granol
a
GranolaDiamant DiamantAsterix Asterix
37. 3737
Table 8: Effect of different varieties on length of shoot/plant and number of
leaf/plant at different days after inoculation
Variety
Length of shoot/plant (cm) Number of leaf/plant
7
DAI
14
DAI
21
DAI
28
DAI
7
DAI
14
DAI
21
DAI
28
DAI
Granola 0.99 2.38 3.88 6.76 0.00 0.77 3.08 8.32
Diamant 0.96 1.80 3.15 6.51 0.00 0.00 1.71 7.51
Asterix 1.03 1.76 2.73 5.68 0.00 0.47 1.64 5.08
SE± 0.081 0.124 0.136 0.202 0.00 0.09 0.189 0.344
Max 1.03 2.38 3.88 6.76 0.00 0.77 3.08 8.32
Min 0.96 1.76 2.73 5.68 0.00 0.09 1.64 5.08
LSD 0.110 0.186 0.267 0.445 0.027 0.000 0.242 0.431
Level of
significanc
e NS ** ** ** ** ** ** **
38. 38 38
Table 9: Effect of different hormones on length of shoot/plant and number of
leaf/plant at different days after inoculation
Hormone Length of shoot/plant (cm) Number of leaf/plant
7 DAI 14 DAI 21 DAI 28 DAI 7 DAI 14 DAI 21 DAI 28 DAI
T1=Normal MS 1.13 3.38 5.31 7.63 0.00 0.00 1.47 8.93
T2=0.5BAP 2.06 3.81 4.59 6.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.27
T3=1.0BAP 2.49 4.09 5.33 8.83 0.00 0.00 5.33 11.87
T4=1.5BAP 2.59 4.11 4.83 6.78 0.00 1.67 6.27 11.33
T5=2.0BAP 2.54 3.90 4.72 6.23 0.00 0.67 3.67 6.00
T6= 1.0NAA 0.00 0.17 2.09 4.89 0.00 0.00 0.73 4.80
T7=1.0NAA+0.5BAP 0.31 0.68 1.87 5.47 0.00 0.53 1.27 5.80
T8=1.0NAA+1.0BAP 0.00 0.25 2.09 3.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.93
T9=1.0NAA+1.5BAP 0.00 0.15 1.15 2.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T10=1.0NAA+2.0BAP 0.31 0.66 1.26 2.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T11= 1.5NAA 0.00 1.02 3.79 8.33 0.00 0.00 1.80 8.47
T12=1.5NAA+0.5BAP 0.61 2.57 4.41 7.54 0.00 0.00 1.87 7.67
T13=1.5NAA+1.0BAP 0.00 0.40 1.57 7.08 0.00 0.00 1.60 7.67
T14=1.5NAA+1.5BAP 2.88 4.23 5.83 10.13 0.00 3.33 6.33 13.27
T15=1.5NAA+2.0BAP 0.00 0.28 2.75 8.71 0.00 0.00 1.80 8.53
SE± 0.081 0.124 0.136 0.202 0.00 0.086 0.189 0.344
Max 2.88 4.23 5.83 10.13 0.00 3.33 6.33 13.27
Min 0.31 0.15 1.15 2.14 0.00 0.53 0.73 2.93
LSD 0.245 0.415 0.598 0.994 0.060 0.000 0.541 0.964
Level of significance ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
39. 3939
Table 10: Combined effect of different varieties and different hormones on length of
shoot/plant and number of leaf/plant at different days after inoculation
Variety Hormone Length of shoot/plant (cm) Number of leaf/plant
7
DAI
14
DAI
21
DAI
28
DAI
7
DAI
14
DAI
21
DAI
28
DAI
Granola T1=Normal MS 2.22 6.10 7.20 9.30 0.00 0.00 1.80 7.60
T2=0.5BAP 1.92 4.38 5.28 8.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.00
T3=1.0BAP 2.10 3.58 5.20 9.80 0.00 0.00 8.00 15.40
T4=1.5BAP 2.72 5.10 6.14 7.34 0.00 1.00 6.00 11.00
T5=2.0BAP 2.68 4.20 4.78 6.74 0.00 2.00 11.00 13.00
T6= 1.0NAA 0.34 2.02 4.52 10.20 0.00 0.00 1.20 6.20
T7=1.0NAA+0.5BAP 0.66 1.40 2.66 4.16 0.00 1.60 1.80 6.60
T8=1.0NAA+1.0BAP 0.00 0.42 2.70 4.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.40
T9=1.0NAA+1.5BAP 0.00 0.46 1.84 2.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T10=1.0NAA+2.0BAP 0.14 0.78 1.74 2.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T11= 1.5NAA 0.00 1.16 2.82 8.38 0.00 0.00 2.40 8.80
T12=1.5NAA+0.5BAP 0.00 0.00 0.88 1.80 0.00 0.00 1.80 7.60
T13=1.5NAA+1.0BAP 0.00 1.20 1.76 7.50 0.00 0.00 2.00 8.00
T14=1.5NAA+1.5BAP 2.08 4.12 7.60 10.72 0.00 7.00 8.20 20.00
T15=1.5NAA+2.0BAP 0.00 0.84 3.12 7.40 0.00 0.00 2.00 7.20
42. 4242
Maximum length of shoot/plant
Plate 13: Maximum length of shoot at 7 DAI on
MS media supplemented with 1.5 mg/L
NAA+1.5 mg/L BAP in Granola,
Diamant and Asterix
Plate 14: Maximum length of shoot at 14 DAI
on MS media supplemented with 1.5
mg/L NAA+ 1.5 mg/L BAP in Granola,
Diamant and Asterix
Granol
a
GranolaAsterix AsterixDiamant Diamant
43. 43
Maximum length of shoot/plant
Plate 15: Maximum length of shoot at 21 DAI
on MS media supplemented with 1.5
mg/L NAA+ 1.5 mg/L BAP in
Granola, Diamant and Asterix
Plate 16: Maximum length of shoot at 28 DAI
on MS media supplemented with 1.5
mg/L NAA+ 1.5 mg/L BAP in
Granola, Diamant and Asterix
Granola Granol
a
Diamant Diamant AsterixAsterix
44. 44
Maximum number of leaf/plant
Plate 17: No leaf initiated at 7 DAI on MS media
supplemented with 1.5 mg/L NAA+1.5
mg/L BAP in Granola, Diamant and
Asterix
Plate 18: Maximum number of leaf initiated at
14 DAI on MS media supplemented
with 1.5 mg/L NAA+1.5 mg/L BAP in
Granola, Diamant and Asterix
Granola GranolaDiamant DiamantAsterix Asterix
45. 4545
Maximum number of leaf/plant
Plate 19: Maximum number of leaf initiated at
21 DAI on MS media supplemented
with 1.5 mg/L NAA+1.5 mg/L BAP in
Granola, Diamant and Asterix
Plate 20: Maximum number of leaf initiated at
28 DAI on MS media supplemented
with 1.5 mg/L NAA+1.5 mg/L BAP in
Granola, Diamant and Asterix
Granola GranolaDiamant DiamantAsterix Asterix
46. 4646
Table 12: Effect of different varieties on days to root initiation
and number of root/plant at different days after
inoculation
Variety
Days to
root
initiation
Number of root/plant
7 DAI 14 DAI 21 DAI 28 DAI
Granola 15.01 0.92 1.31 2.41 6.43
Diamant 15.48 1.37 1.61 3.19 6.97
Asterix 12.73 0.43 0.49 1.41 5.68
SE± 0.828 0.107 0.132 0.240 0.350
Max 15.48 1.37 1.61 3.19 6.97
Min 12.73 0.43 0.49 1.41 5.68
LSD 0.407 0.120 0.157 0.309 0.438
Level of
significanc
e ** ** ** ** **
47. 47 47
Table 13: Effect of different hormones on days to root initiation and number of
root/plant at different days after inoculation
Hormone
Days to root
initiation
Number of root/plant
7 DAI 14 DAI 21 DAI 28 DAI
T1=Normal MS 29.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20
T2=0.5BAP - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T3=1.0BAP 24.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.87
T4=1.5BAP 23.00 0.00 0.00 1.53 5.00
T5=2.0BAP 19.07 0.00 0.00 1.13 1.40
T6= 1.0NAA 9.33 0.67 1.00 3.53 7.40
T7=1.0NAA+0.5BAP 19.40 0.47 0.53 2.73 7.40
T8=1.0NAA+1.0BAP 3.40 2.80 3.13 3.93 7.00
T9=1.0NAA+1.5BAP 1.80 2.67 3.13 4.20 5.27
T10=1.0NAA+2.0BAP 2.73 3.13 3.47 3.73 4.93
T11= 1.5NAA 3.47 0.67 3.62 5.60 10.40
T12=1.5NAA+0.5BAP 0.93 3.20 5.13 7.53 14.53
T13=1.5NAA+1.0BAP 25.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.80
T14=1.5NAA+1.5BAP 25.80 0.00 0.00 1.07 9.40
T15=1.5NAA+2.0BAP 27.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 6.80
SE± 0.828 0.107 0.132 0.240 0.350
Max 29.27 3.20 5.13 7.53 14.53
Min 0.93 0.47 0.53 1.07 1.40
LSD 0.911 0.268 0.352 0.691 0.980
48. 48 48
Table 14: Combined effect of different varieties and different hormones on days to
root initiation and number of root/plant at different days after inoculation
Variety Hormone Days to
root
initiation
Number of root/plant
7 DAI 14 DAI 21 DAI 28
DAI
Granola T1=Normal MS 28.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00
T2=0.5BAP - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T3=1.0BAP 29.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.60
T4=1.5BAP 28.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.60
T5=2.0BAP 28.80 0.00 0.00 3.40 4.20
T6= 1.0NAA 2.20 1.40 1.60 4.00 14.20
T7=1.0NAA+0.5BAP 27.20 0.00 0.00 1.80 7.00
T8=1.0NAA+1.0BAP 21.00 0.00 0.00 2.20 8.60
T9=1.0NAA+1.5BAP 2.20 2.80 4.20 6.20 8.60
T10=1.0NAA+2.0BAP 2.20 1.20 2.00 2.00 2.60
T11= 1.5NAA 2.00 4.00 4.40 5.00 6.00
T12=1.5NAA+0.5BAP 6.60 2.00 2.00 6.40 10.60
T13=1.5NAA+1.0BAP 22.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.20
T14=1.5NAA+1.5BAP 27.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.40
51. 5151
Days to root initiation
Plate 21: Initiated Root at 7 DAI on MS media supplement with 1.5
mg/L NAA+0.5mg/L BAP in Granola, Diamant and Asterix
Granola AsterixDiamant
52. 52 52
Maximum number and length of root/plant
Plate 22: Maximum number of root with longest
root initiated at 14 DAI on MS media
supplemented with 1.5 mg/L NAA+0.5
mg/L BAP in Granola, Diamant and
Asterix
Plate 23: Maximum number of root with longest
root initiated at 21 DAI on MS media
supplemented with 1.5 mg/L NAA+0.5
mg/L BAP Granola, Diamant and
Asterix
Granola GranolaDiamant DiamantAsterix Asterix
53. 5353
Maximum number and length of root/plant
Plate 24: Maximum number of root with longest root initiated at
28 DAI on MS media supplemented with 1.5 mg/L
NAA+0.5 mg/L BAP in Granola, Diamant and Asterix
Granola Diamant Asterix
54. 5454
Table 15: Effect of different varieties on length of root/plant at
different days after inoculation
Variety
Length of root/plant (cm)
7 DAI 14 DAI 21 DAI 28 DAI
Granola 0.78 1.01 1.59 4.60
Diamant 0.70 0.94 1.26 2.99
Asterix 0.57 0.70 1.16 2.34
SE± 0.071 0.095 0.109 0.198
Max 0.78 1.01 1.59 4.60
Min 0.57 0.70 1.16 2.34
LSD 0.020 0.014 0.162 0.080
Level of
significance ** ** ** **
55. 55 55
Table 16: Effect of different hormones on length of root/plant at different days
after Inoculation
Hormone
Length of root/plant (cm)
7 DAI 14 DAI 21 DAI 28 DAI
T1=Normal MS 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.14
T2=0.5BAP 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T3=1.0BAP 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.95
T4=1.5BAP 0.00 0.00 0.96 2.23
T5=2.0BAP 0.00 0.00 0.67 0.67
T6= 1.0NAA 0.67 0.67 1.76 5.06
T7=1.0NAA+0.5BAP 0.40 0.52 1.25 3.59
T8=1.0NAA+1.0BAP 0.56 0.67 1.77 4.34
T9=1.0NAA+1.5BAP 1.97 2.57 3.08 7.03
T10=1.0NAA+2.0BAP 1.77 2.56 2.79 3.43
T11= 1.5NAA 1.49 1.58 1.77 3.75
T12=1.5NAA+0.5BAP 3.41 4.73 5.18 7.45
T13=1.5NAA+1.0BAP 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.67
T14=1.5NAA+1.5BAP 0.00 0.00 1.13 2.43
T15=1.5NAA+2.0BAP 0.00 0.00 0.21 2.97
SE± 0.071 0.095 0.109 0.198
Max 3.41 4.73 5.18 7.45
Min 0.40 0.52 0.21 0.67
LSD 0.046 0.032 0.362 0.178
Level of significance ** ** ** **
56. 56 56
Table 17: Combined effect of different varieties and different hormones on length
of root/plant at different days after inoculation
Variety Hormone Length of root/plant (cm)
7 DAI 14 DAI 21 DAI 28 DAI
Granola T1=Normal MS 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.06
T2=0.5BAP 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T3=1.0BAP 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.36
T4=1.5BAP 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00
T5=2.0BAP 0.00 0.00 2.00 2.00
T6= 1.0NAA 1.62 1.72 1.92 2.12
T7=1.0NAA+0.5BAP 0.00 0.00 0.30 3.16
T8=1.0NAA+1.0BAP 0.00 0.00 1.30 2.16
T9=1.0NAA+1.5BAP 2.58 3.12 3.68 10.00
T10=1.0NAA+2.0BAP 1.50 1.74 2.34 4.00
T11= 1.5NAA 1.20 1.56 2.04 4.32
T12=1.5NAA+0.5BAP 3.12 5.04 5.40 14.42
T13=1.5NAA+1.0BAP 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.86
T14=1.5NAA+1.5BAP 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.02
T15=1.5NAA+2.0BAP 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.74
60. 6060
Multiplication of the plantlets
Plate 25: Regenerated subcultured plantlets of Granola, Diamant
and Asterix
Granola Diamant Asterix
61. 6161
Acclimatization Variety No. of
Transplanted
plants
No. of plants
survives
Survival rate
(%)
Initially small
hole of plastic
tray at growth
chamber
Granola 45 37 82.22%
Daimant 45 33 73.33%
Asterix 45 30 66.67%
Subsequently
when moved to
soil in open
atmosphere
Granola 37 35 94.60%
Daimant 33 31 93.94%
Asterix 30 27 90.00%
Table 18: Survival rate of in vitro regenerated plants of
three potato varieties
62. 6262
Preparation of pot and transplantation
Plate 26: In vivo acclimatization of regenerated
plantlets in growth chamber
Plate 27: Plantlets were placed in natural
environment for hardening
63. 6363
Plate 29: Variety Granola shows the highest
survival rate
Plate 28: In vivo establishment of
regenerated plantlets in open
atmosphere
64. 6464
Plate 30: Hardening of plants in net house and transplantation of
healthy plantlets to the soil
Acclimatized plantlets in soil
67. 67
Further in vitro breeding programme
Genetic transformation of potato
Varietal improvement using biotechnological
approach
Large scale production of healthy and disease free
planting material of potato commercially
Recommendation