This document is a seminar report on the use of effluent treatment plants (ETPs) and sewage treatment plants (STPs) in wastewater treatment. It discusses the need for ETPs and STPs to purify wastewater and remove contaminants. It provides details on the processes involved in ETPs and STPs, including various treatment units like screens, grit chambers, aeration tanks, sedimentation tanks, filters and disinfection. The report highlights the advantages of ETPs and STPs in reducing pollution and enabling water reuse. It concludes that wastewater treatment through ETPs and STPs is important for environmental protection and sustainable development.

1. A
SEMINAR REPORT
ON
USE OF ETPAND STP IN WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
Guided By: Submitted By:
Dr. A.K. Mathur Abhimanyu Bhat
Professor C.R.No.: 12/311
Dept. of Civil Engg. 12EUCCE001

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satiation & euphoria that accompany the successful completion of the project
would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible. I owe a
basket full of Thanks to a lot of people who helped me, supported me, guided me
through this experience of working, which can be truly called a “Learning Journey”.
The journey into seminar report would have not been possible without the guidance,
assistance, encouragement and moral support from many.
First of all I would like to thank to Dr. A.K. Mathur (Professor Department of Civil
Engg.), for giving me an opportunity to work on this topic.
I sincerely express my gratitude Dr. H D Charan (HOD Civil Engineering
Department), Dr. A.K Dwivedi(Professor Dept. Of Civil Engg.), Dr. M.P.
Choudhary(Associate Proff.) and Mr. S.K. Tak(Associate Proff.) who were always
there for me throughout my Seminar Report. The report wouldn’t have been possible
without their timely and added help.
Thanks are also due to my professors who contributed their valuable thoughts in my
project. Last but not the least I am very thankful to my family and friends for their
valuable support during my training.

3. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Wastewater treatment
• Use of Effluent Treatment Plant(ETP)
• Use of Sewage Treatment Plant(STP)
• Conclusion

4. INTRODUCTION
• The construction vision is not only limited to develop
Project but should also be environment friendly.
• Wastewater management is the process, wherein the
contaminants are removed from the wastewater as
well as household sewage, to produce waste stream or
solid waste suitable for discharge or reuse.
• Waste water treatment Plants (Effluent Treatment &
Sewerage Treatment Plant) is an important initiative
which has to be taken more seriously for the
betterment of the society and our future.

5. Wastewater Treatment
• Wastewater treatment is a process to convert wastewater -
which is water no longer needed or suitable for its most
recent use - into an effluent that can be either returned to
the water cycle with minimal environmental issues or
reused. The latter is called water reclamation and implies
avoidance of disposal by use of treated wastewater
effluent for various purposes.
• Treatment means removing impurities from water being
treated; and some methods of treatment are applicable to
both water and wastewater. The physical infrastructure
used for wastewater treatment is called a “wastewater
treatment plant”.

6. Use of Effluent Treatment Plant(ETP)
 Need of ETP
 It purifies water and removes any toxic and non toxic
materials or chemicals from water.
 It treats water and makes it free from all objectionable
impurities present in suspension, colloidal or
dissolved form.
 It prevents groundwater pollution, sea shore, soil and
marine life.

7. Features
 Stay in compliance.
 Reduce transportation and off-site treatment costs.
 Reduce supply costs by recovering production materials
out of the waste-stream for re-use.
 Eliminate municipal fees.
 Eliminate unnecessary water usage during processing.
 To reuse the treated effluent .
 For agriculture.
 Fully automatic integrated type.
 The stability period is shorten.

8. Flow diagram

9. Work Description
 Raw effluent pumping
 Inlet screening
 Fat removal
 pH correction
 Pre-treatment pumping
 Balancing/Aeration
 Forward feed pumping
 Aeration
 Final setting
 Excess sludge system
 Sludge thickening
 Dewatering feed pumps
 Disposal
 Tertiary filters
 Outlet flow measurement and sampling

10. Effluent Treatment Plant
Source: EmaarMGF Marbella Site

11. Use of Sewage Treatment Plant(STP)
 Sewage treatment plant also known as Domestic treatment
plant.
 It removes contaminants from wastewater and household
sewage, both runoff (effluents) and domestic.
 It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to
remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants.
 Its objective is to produce a waste stream (or treated effluent)
and a solid waste or sludge suitable for discharge or reuse back
into the environment.
 It treats water and make it free from all objectionable
impurities present in suspension, colloidal or dissolved form.
 This material is often inadvertently contaminated with many
toxic organic and inorganic compounds.

12. Flow diagram of STP

13. Major Treatment units in STP
Preliminary Treatment
 Screens
 Detritor/scrapers
 Grit Chamber
 Skimming Tanks
 Aeration
Primary Treatment
 Sedimentation/ Settling
tank
 Clarifloculator
 Equalization Tank
 Neutralization Tank
Secondary Treatment
 Activated Sludge Process
(ASP)
 Trickling Filter
 Aerated Lagoons
Tertiary Treatment
 Filteration
 Disinfection
 Ion-exchange/ESP

14. Preliminary Treatment
Mechanical medium screen
Source: internet
Detritor/ Scrapper
Source: internet
Skimming Tank with separated oil & grease at top
Source: internet

15. Primary Treatment
Different Inlet in Equalization Tank
Source: internetRectangular Settling Tank
Source: internet

16. Secondary Treatment
Trickling Filter with rotating arm
Source: internet
Aeration Tank in ASP
Source: internet

17. Tertiary Treatment
 Tertiary treatment is the final treatment, meant for
‘polishing’ the effluent and removal of pollutants not
removed in primary and secondary treatment.
 These pollutants may include soluble inorganic compounds
such as phosphorous or nitrogen which may support algal
growth in receiving waters.
 Also removes organic materials contributing BOD, COD,
color, taste, odor; bacteria, viruses, colloidal solids
contributing turbidity; or soluble minerals which may
interfere with subsequent re-use of the wastewater.
 Preferred when treated water is need to be reuse or
discharge is into a highly sensitive or fragile ecosystem
(estuaries, low-flow rivers, coral reefs, etc).

18. Advantages of STP
 Reduction of BOD and COD of elements.
 Lesser retention time as compared to normal microbes.
 Increased rate of decomposition- breaks down proteins,
carbohydrates, fats, oils, for effective waste digestion and odor
reduction.
 Same plant treat more amount of influent with
conventional design.
 Effective at :
pH range : 5.5-9.5
Low DO : 0.8
Temperature range : 5-45 degree centigrade
 And very importantly F/M ratio is kept balance.

19. Bonus Benefits
 Odour reduction up to 95%.
 Significant energy saving.
 Substantial chemical saving.
 Reduced sludge formation.
 Less operation and maintenance cost.
 Upto 90-95% water recycling.

20. Conclusion
• The construction vision is not only limited to beauty of the
residential/industrial plans but is also environment friendly.
• Waste water treatment is an important initiative which has to be
taken more seriously for the betterment of the society and our
future.
• Wastewater treatment is the process, wherein the contaminants
are removed from the wastewater as well as household sewage,
to produce waste stream or solid waste suitable for discharge or
reuse.
• Wastewater treatment method is categorized into three sub-
divisions, physical, chemical and biological. The construction
sites consist of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP), whereas there is
also for provision of Sewage Treatment Plant.

21. References
1. Meenakshi Jindal: Introduction to Wastewater
Treatment Process
2. G.L. Kario and R.A. Christian: Wastewater
Treatment-Concepts and Design Approach
3. Frank R. Spellman: Handbook of Water and
Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations
4. Ronald duck: Theory and Practice of Water and
Wastewater Treatment