3. Contents
Definition
Advantages of wastewater systems
Need of ETP
Design of ETP
Flow diagram for Effluent treatment plant
Treatment Levels and Mechanism of ETP
Preliminary Treatment
Primary Treatment
Secondary Treatment
Tertiary Treatment
Physical Process
Chemical Process
Biological Process
Effluent treatment procedure: Audit point of view
Audit Checklist For ETP
Environmental Impact Assessment Checklist
References
4. • According to United States Environmental Protection Agency as
"wastewater - treated or untreated - that flows out of a treatment
plant, sewer, or industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes
discharged into surface waters
Effluent
• (Effluent Treatment Plant)is a process design for the industrial
waste water for its reuse or safe disposal to the environment
ETP
• Untreated industrial waste water
Influent
• Solid part separated from waste water by ETP
Sludge
Definition
5. Stay in compliance Reduce supply costs
Reduce hauling
and off-site
treatment costs
Eliminate
municipal fees
Eliminate
unnecessary water
usage during
processing
Advantages of wastewater systems
6. Need of etp
To clean industry effluent and recycle it for further use
To reduce the usage of fresh/ potable water in industries
To cut expenditure on water procurement
To meet the standard for emission or discharge of
environmental pollutants from various industries set by the
government and avoid hefty penalties
To safeguard environment against pollution and contribute in
suitable development
Need of ETP
7. Design
of ETP
Quantity and
quality of the
industries
discharge
effluent
Land availability
Monetary
consideration for
construction ,
operation and
maintenance
Design of ETP
10. Preliminary wastewater treatment is the removal of wastewater
constituents that may cause maintenance or operational problems
in the treatment operations, processes, and ancillary systems.
It consists solely of separating the floating materials (like dead
animals, tree branches,papers, pieces of rags, wood etc.) and
the heavy settle able inorganic solids.
Screens
• A screen with
openings of uniform
size is used to
remove large solids
such as plastics,
cloth etc. Generally
maximum 10mm is
used
Grit chamber
• Grit is removal for
the of coarse
suspended matter
that may cause wear
or clogging of
equipment and
retains fibrous
particles of 10 mm
size and above.
Skimming tanks
• The oil, grease and
floating impurities are
trapped into skimming
tank by plug flow
arrangement and slow
movement of waste
water allow all lighter
components to float up
and trapped between the
two baffle walls
Preliminary Treatment
12. In primary treatment, a portion of the suspended solids and
organic matter is removed from the wastewater.
This removal is usually accomplished by physical operations
such as sedimentation in Settling Basins .
The organic solids, which are separated out in the
sedimentation tanks (in primary treatment), are often
stabilized by anaerobic decomposition in a digestion tank or
are incinerated.
The residue is used for landfills or as a soil conditioner.
The principal function of primary treatment is to act as a
precursor to secondary treatment
Sedimentation Clarifloculator
Equalization
tank
Neutralization
tank
Primary Treatment
14. Secondary treatment involves Biological and chemical process.
It consists of removal of biodegradable organics and suspended
solids through biological decomposition of organic matter,
either under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
The treatment reactors, in which the organic matter is
decomposed (oxidized) by aerobic bacteria are known as
Aerobic biological units
Activated
sludge
process
Trickling filter
Aerated
lagoons
Neutralization
Tank
Secondary Treatment
16. Tertiary treatment involves removal of constituents of concern including
nutrients, toxic compounds, and increased amounts of organic material and
suspended solids and particularly to kill the pathogenic bacteria.
Pollutant may include organic compounds such as phosphorous or nitrogen
which is support to algae growth in support receiving waters.
Also removes organic material contributing BOD ,COD color, taste, odor ,
bacteria ,viruses , colloidal solids with subsequent reuse of the water.
Processes frequently employed in advanced wastewater treatment are
chemical coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation followed by filtration
and chlorination.
Sand
Membrane
Filter
Activated
Carbon
filter
Disinfection
Ion
Exchange
Tertiary Treatment
17. This is most versatile biological oxidation method employed for the
treatment of effluent containing of dissolved solids, coarse and colloidal
organic matter.
In this method, effluent is aerated in a reaction tank consist of microbial
population in suspension form. Aerobic bacteria degrades effluent into CO,
and H 0 for which oxygen is supplied through mechanical aeration or by
diffused aeration system.
The bacterial flora grows and remains suspended in the form of a floc called
activated sludge A part of sludge is recycled for the same tank to provide an
effective microbial population for a fresh treatment cycle
Industrial waste require 6 to 24 hours of aeration though which almost 90-
95% of BOD can be removed
Activated sludge process
18. In physical processes we do not treat the water with any
chemicals. Water with solid impurities can be treated with this
method
Sedimentation
Screening
Aeration
Filtration
Floatation and
Skimming
Degasification
Equalization
Physical Process
19. Treatment methods in which the removal or conversion of contaminants
is brought about by the addition of chemicals or by other chemical
reactions are known as chemical unit processes
Chlorination
Ozonisation
Neutralization
Coagulation
Adsorption
Ion Exchange
Chemical Process
20. Removal of contaminants is brought about by biological activity processes.
Removal of the biodegradable organic substances (colloidal or dissolved) and
nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater.
Aerobic
Activated
sludge
Trickling
filtration
Oxidation
Ponds
Lagoons
Anaerobic
Septic
Tank
Lagoons
Biological unit processes Treatment
Biological Process
Septic Tank
21.
22. PH,BOD,COD,TSS,
TDS, Oil,Greases,
Appearance
Aerobic
biological
Treatment
Equalizati
on Tank
Clarifier/
Tube
settler
Flocculati
on Tank
Flash
Mixer
(Reaction
Tank)
Oil and
Grease
Trap
FeSO4 PE
Lime
BOD,COD
Screen
chamber
2 Screens:
Fine and
Coarse
Untreated
Effluent
Return Activated
sludge
HRT= 30
MIN
HRT= 8 to
10 Hrs
HRT= 3 to 5 min
Mixing system
Air/Agitator
Agitator RPM:
100
HRT= 5 min
Mixing system
Air/Agitator
Agitator RPM:
20
SOR,HRT,
Bottom Slope
Chemical Dosing Tank
Mixing System Air/Agitator
Effluent treatment procedure: Audit point of view
24. Parameters Limits
PH Between 6.5-9.0
Suspended Solids Not Exceed 10 mg/L
BOD (3 days at 270 Deg C) Not Exceed 10 mg/L
COD Not Exceed 50 mg/L
Oil and Grease Not Exceed 10 mg/L
NH4-N Not Exceed 5 mg/L
N-Total Not Exceed 10 mg/L
Fecal Coli form < 230 (MPN/100 ml)
PO4-p Not Exceed 2 mg/L
Standards from Central pollution control board
29. 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:
2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 08 | Aug-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-
0072,Page No. 68 69.
2. Sci. Revs. Chem. Commun.: 1(1), 2011,SEWAGE/WASTEWATER TREATMENT
TECHNOLOGIES : A REVIEW NIRAJ S. TOPARE* , S. J. ATTAR and MOSLEH M.
MANFE Department of Chemical Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth University
College of Engineering, PUNE – 43 (M.S.) INDIA (Received : 13.10.2011, Revised
: 16.10.2011, Accepted : 17.10.2011),Page no.20 to 22.
3. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science
(IJSEAS) – Volume-2, Issue-3, March 2016 ISSN: 2395-3470 www.ijseas.com
“Effluent Treatment Plant” A Case Study Akhilesh Kumar Patel, Shraddha Patel,
Aasfa Tabassum and Nikhil Ranjan Jha Environment and Biology Department
APS University Rewa 1T 0T1Sirmour Road, Ananthpur, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh
486003,Page No.182.
4.https://cpcb.nic.in/standards/
References
