In this presentation, application of some parameters of water wwater analysis (i.e., Acidity, Sulfate, Volatile Acid,Nitrogen,greases and oils) , procedure to measure that parameter, environmental significance of that parameter and importance of that parameter in waste water analysis.
Deals with the measurement of organic matter concentration in water and wastewater. BOD, BOD kinetics and COD tests are discussed at length. Further, as part of the ultimate BOD measurement, other associated tests like Dissolved Oxygen and Ammonical, Nitrate and Nitrite forms of nitrogen are also discussed.
In this presentation, application of some parameters of water wwater analysis (i.e., Acidity, Sulfate, Volatile Acid,Nitrogen,greases and oils) , procedure to measure that parameter, environmental significance of that parameter and importance of that parameter in waste water analysis.
Deals with the measurement of organic matter concentration in water and wastewater. BOD, BOD kinetics and COD tests are discussed at length. Further, as part of the ultimate BOD measurement, other associated tests like Dissolved Oxygen and Ammonical, Nitrate and Nitrite forms of nitrogen are also discussed.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand and its Industrial SignificanceAdnan Murad Bhayo
BOD is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organism in a body of water to breakdown organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period .
Most of Bacteria in the aquatic columns are aerobic. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholera.
Atmosphere contains 21% oxygen (210000 mg/dm3)
Higher the temperature of water higher will be the rate of respiration. So, concentration of oxygen decreases.
Many Animal species can grow and reproduce normally when dissolved oxygen level is ~ 5.0 mg/L.
HYPOXIA: When dissolve oxygen content below 3.0 mg/L. Many Species move elsewhere and immobile species may die
ANOXIA: When dissolve oxygen content below 0.5 mg/L. All aerobic species will die
Fertilizer contains Nitrate contributes to high BOD
Phosphate present in Soap and detergent that enhances the growth of algal blooms. As a result depletion of oxygen occur.
In a body of water with large amount of decaying organic material , the dissolved oxygen level may drop by 90 %, this would represent High BOD
In a body of water with small amount of decaying organic material , the dissolved oxygen level may drop by 10 %, this would represent Low BOD
ANALYSIS OF BOD OF WATER
Use glass bottles having 60 mL or greater capacity. Take samples of water.
Turn on the constant temperature chamber to allow the
controlled temperature to stabilize at 20°C ±1°C.
Record the DO level (ppm) of one immediately.
Place water sample in an incubator in complete darkness at 20 C for 5 days. Exclude all light to prevent possibility of photosynthetic production of DO
If don't have an incubator, wrap the water sample bottle in aluminum foil or black electrical tape and store in a dark place at room temperature (20o C or 68 °F).
DILUTION OF SAMPLE
Most relatively unpolluted streams have a BOD5 that ranges from 1 to 8 mg/L
Dilution is necessary when the amount of DO consumed by microorganisms is greater than the amount of DO available in the air-saturated.
If the BOD5 value of a sample is less than 7 mg/L, sample dilution is not needed.
The DO concentration after 5 days must be at least 1 mg/L and at least 2 mg/L lower in concentration than the initial DO
(American Public Health Association and others, 1995).
BOD of the dilution water is less than 0.2 mg/L.
Discard dilution water if there is any sign of biological growth.
pH of the dilution water needs to be maintained in a range suitable for bacterial growth
Bacterial growth is very good between 6.5 to 7.5
Sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide may need to be added to the dilution water to lower or raise the pH, respectively.
CALCULATION:
The general equation for the determination of a BOD5 value is:
BOD = D1-D2/P
Where
D1 = initial DO of the sample,
D2 = final DO of the sample after 5 days, and
P = decimal volumetric fraction of sample used.
If 100 mL of sample a
Waste water treatment is a process used to convert wastewater into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle with minimum impact on the environment, or directly reused. The latter is called water reclamation because treated wastewater can then be used for other purposes.
Analysis BOD is an important parameter in identifying the extend of pollution in a water body. This presentation explains the various methods of BOD analysis as per the APHA manual
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.
Pre and primary treatment of waste water – Equalization – Neutralization – Sedimentation – Oil separation-sour water strippers – Floatation – Coagulation, precipitation and metals removal– coagulation – Heavy metals removal – Aeration and mass transfer; mechanism of oxygen transfer – Aeration equipment – Air stripping of volatile organic compounds.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand and its Industrial SignificanceAdnan Murad Bhayo
BOD is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organism in a body of water to breakdown organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period .
Most of Bacteria in the aquatic columns are aerobic. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholera.
Atmosphere contains 21% oxygen (210000 mg/dm3)
Higher the temperature of water higher will be the rate of respiration. So, concentration of oxygen decreases.
Many Animal species can grow and reproduce normally when dissolved oxygen level is ~ 5.0 mg/L.
HYPOXIA: When dissolve oxygen content below 3.0 mg/L. Many Species move elsewhere and immobile species may die
ANOXIA: When dissolve oxygen content below 0.5 mg/L. All aerobic species will die
Fertilizer contains Nitrate contributes to high BOD
Phosphate present in Soap and detergent that enhances the growth of algal blooms. As a result depletion of oxygen occur.
In a body of water with large amount of decaying organic material , the dissolved oxygen level may drop by 90 %, this would represent High BOD
In a body of water with small amount of decaying organic material , the dissolved oxygen level may drop by 10 %, this would represent Low BOD
ANALYSIS OF BOD OF WATER
Use glass bottles having 60 mL or greater capacity. Take samples of water.
Turn on the constant temperature chamber to allow the
controlled temperature to stabilize at 20°C ±1°C.
Record the DO level (ppm) of one immediately.
Place water sample in an incubator in complete darkness at 20 C for 5 days. Exclude all light to prevent possibility of photosynthetic production of DO
If don't have an incubator, wrap the water sample bottle in aluminum foil or black electrical tape and store in a dark place at room temperature (20o C or 68 °F).
DILUTION OF SAMPLE
Most relatively unpolluted streams have a BOD5 that ranges from 1 to 8 mg/L
Dilution is necessary when the amount of DO consumed by microorganisms is greater than the amount of DO available in the air-saturated.
If the BOD5 value of a sample is less than 7 mg/L, sample dilution is not needed.
The DO concentration after 5 days must be at least 1 mg/L and at least 2 mg/L lower in concentration than the initial DO
(American Public Health Association and others, 1995).
BOD of the dilution water is less than 0.2 mg/L.
Discard dilution water if there is any sign of biological growth.
pH of the dilution water needs to be maintained in a range suitable for bacterial growth
Bacterial growth is very good between 6.5 to 7.5
Sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide may need to be added to the dilution water to lower or raise the pH, respectively.
CALCULATION:
The general equation for the determination of a BOD5 value is:
BOD = D1-D2/P
Where
D1 = initial DO of the sample,
D2 = final DO of the sample after 5 days, and
P = decimal volumetric fraction of sample used.
If 100 mL of sample a
Waste water treatment is a process used to convert wastewater into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle with minimum impact on the environment, or directly reused. The latter is called water reclamation because treated wastewater can then be used for other purposes.
Analysis BOD is an important parameter in identifying the extend of pollution in a water body. This presentation explains the various methods of BOD analysis as per the APHA manual
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.
Pre and primary treatment of waste water – Equalization – Neutralization – Sedimentation – Oil separation-sour water strippers – Floatation – Coagulation, precipitation and metals removal– coagulation – Heavy metals removal – Aeration and mass transfer; mechanism of oxygen transfer – Aeration equipment – Air stripping of volatile organic compounds.
Proposal written by a team of chemical engineers at UC Berkeley in order to suggest alternative solutions for effectively irrigating and restoring the Dow Wetlands site in Antioch, CA.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
1. SSI3013 : ICT IN SCIENCE
DATA LOGGER : B.O.D
NO. NAME MATRIC NO.
1 NOR HASHIMAH BINTI ZAITONG D20101037458
2 NUR ASHIKIN BINTI ALIAS D20101037459
3 NUR WAHIDAH BINTI SAMI’ON D20101037525
3. BOD
The biochemical oxygen demand is
defined as the ‘measure of dissolve
oxygen require to decompose the
organic matter in water biologically.
Pure water has < 1ppm
Polluted water >5ppm
5. UPSI student make visited to 2 river
They found that one of the
around Tg. Malim to complete their
river polluted and more fish
task in doing exp. To study the
died .
sample of river of water
So they took the
The other river sample of the river and In your opinion
has clean and study the content of why fish died??
clear water. the water.
6. Higher BOD, means that there is dissolved
oxygen in the water, as aerobic bacteria uses up
nearly all of it for respiration.
Hence less dissolved oxygen available for the fish
to use for respiration, So fish will died.
7. From your observation what is deference
between river A and river B?
Which water has low content of the
oxygen ? why??
9. PROCEDURE
1. 5 beaker were labelling with A, B, C, D and E.
2. 100 mL of pond water are collected and pour into beaker A.
3. *The D.O probe was placed in the beaker A to read the initial D.O
concentration directly.
4. The result were recorded in Data Logger Spreadsheet Program.
5. Steps 1 to 4 were repeated by using different samples of water
which are drain water, distilled water, aquarium water and pipe
water which the samples of water is poured into beaker B, C, D
and E respectively.
10. 6. The samples were let until 5 days and D.O probes was
placed again in these samples to read the final D.O
concentration.
7. BOD value was determined by the following formula:
B.O.D value = Final D.O – Initial D.O
p
*Note that, before put the sensor into the next sample of
water, rinse the sensor with distilled water.
12. Beaker Water samples Initial D.O Final D.O B.O.D value
(mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L)
A Drain water 3.6 4.563 0.963
B Distilled water 4.263 4.675 0.412
C Pond water 3.975 4.625 0.65
D Aquarium water 3.725 4.588 0.863
E Pipe water 4.1 4.638 0.538
15. Optimization
biological
carbon and
nitrogen
removal
Enhance
Aerobic Municipal
biological waste water
treatment treatment
process plant
16. CONCLUSION
• BOD will increase because of the presents
aerobic microorganism
• High BOD give potential to water pollution
• Ways to overcome:
-Individual awareness
-Government responsibilities
