This document describes the key processes involved in an effluent treatment plant (ETP). It discusses preliminary treatment including screens, grit chambers, and oil/grease removal. Primary treatment consists of sedimentation tanks and clarifiers. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge or trickling filters. Tertiary treatment provides additional filtration and may include carbon filters or disinfection. The major treatment units in an ETP are preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments.
The document discusses the treatment of industrial wastewater in an effluent treatment plant (ETP). It describes the various treatment units used in an ETP including preliminary (screens, grit chambers), primary (sedimentation tanks), secondary (activated sludge process, trickling filters), and tertiary (filtration, activated carbon) treatments. The goal of an ETP is to remove pollutants from wastewater through physical, chemical, and biological processes before discharge or reuse, in order to prevent environmental pollution and protect public health. Major pollutants removed include suspended solids, oil and grease, and organic materials that consume oxygen.
The document discusses effluent treatment plants (ETPs), which treat industrial wastewater before releasing it into the environment. ETPs use physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove pollutants from wastewater and make it free of impurities. The treatment involves preliminary, primary, secondary, and sometimes tertiary stages to purify the water by removing suspended solids, BOD, COD, oil, grease and other parameters to meet government standards for safe release. The document also provides details about various treatment units and processes used at each stage.
Reverse osmosis uses semi-permeable membranes to purify water by separating dissolved solids. It has various applications in water treatment and is used along with demineralization plants. A reverse osmosis system consists of pre-treatment, high-pressure pumps, membrane systems, and post-treatment. It produces permeate water while concentrating impurities in reject water. Demineralization uses ion exchange resins to remove mineral ions, producing very high purity water. Together, reverse osmosis and demineralization can purify water for various industrial and medical uses.
This document discusses industrial wastewater treatment and management. It provides an overview of equalization, which is a method used to retain wastewater in basins so that the effluent discharged is uniform in characteristics like pH, turbidity, BOD, etc. This helps improve sedimentation efficiency, increase biological process efficiency by minimizing shock loads, and allows for automated control of treatment operations. Equalization basins are sometimes aerated to provide better mixing, chemical oxidation, some biological oxidation, and prevent solids settling. The capacity and detention period of equalization tanks needs to be sufficient to homogenize the wastewater flows.
It is important & most useful presentation about ETP.
Created By: 131 TE-2 batch student
BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology (BUFT)
Textile Engineering Department
Course: Bangladesh Studies
STP removes contaminants from wastewater and household sewage and is used for domestic wastewater treatment in residential areas. ETP treats industrial effluent and wastewater from sectors like pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and leather through evaporation and drying as well as centrifuging, filtration, and incineration, and is used widely in industrial settings.
The document discusses the treatment of industrial wastewater in an effluent treatment plant (ETP). It describes the various treatment units used in an ETP including preliminary (screens, grit chambers), primary (sedimentation tanks), secondary (activated sludge process, trickling filters), and tertiary (filtration, activated carbon) treatments. The goal of an ETP is to remove pollutants from wastewater through physical, chemical, and biological processes before discharge or reuse, in order to prevent environmental pollution and protect public health. Major pollutants removed include suspended solids, oil and grease, and organic materials that consume oxygen.
The document discusses effluent treatment plants (ETPs), which treat industrial wastewater before releasing it into the environment. ETPs use physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove pollutants from wastewater and make it free of impurities. The treatment involves preliminary, primary, secondary, and sometimes tertiary stages to purify the water by removing suspended solids, BOD, COD, oil, grease and other parameters to meet government standards for safe release. The document also provides details about various treatment units and processes used at each stage.
Reverse osmosis uses semi-permeable membranes to purify water by separating dissolved solids. It has various applications in water treatment and is used along with demineralization plants. A reverse osmosis system consists of pre-treatment, high-pressure pumps, membrane systems, and post-treatment. It produces permeate water while concentrating impurities in reject water. Demineralization uses ion exchange resins to remove mineral ions, producing very high purity water. Together, reverse osmosis and demineralization can purify water for various industrial and medical uses.
This document discusses industrial wastewater treatment and management. It provides an overview of equalization, which is a method used to retain wastewater in basins so that the effluent discharged is uniform in characteristics like pH, turbidity, BOD, etc. This helps improve sedimentation efficiency, increase biological process efficiency by minimizing shock loads, and allows for automated control of treatment operations. Equalization basins are sometimes aerated to provide better mixing, chemical oxidation, some biological oxidation, and prevent solids settling. The capacity and detention period of equalization tanks needs to be sufficient to homogenize the wastewater flows.
It is important & most useful presentation about ETP.
Created By: 131 TE-2 batch student
BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology (BUFT)
Textile Engineering Department
Course: Bangladesh Studies
STP removes contaminants from wastewater and household sewage and is used for domestic wastewater treatment in residential areas. ETP treats industrial effluent and wastewater from sectors like pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and leather through evaporation and drying as well as centrifuging, filtration, and incineration, and is used widely in industrial settings.
The document discusses effluent treatment plants. It describes effluent as liquid waste flowing from various sources and outlines the key stages of industrial wastewater treatment and sewage treatment. These include pre-treatment, screening, grit removal, primary treatment using sedimentation, secondary treatment using biological processes, and sometimes tertiary treatment for advanced cleaning. Sludge produced is also treated and disposed of safely.
This document provides an overview of clarifiers, which are used in sewage treatment plants to remove solids from wastewater. It discusses the different types of clarifiers, including primary and secondary clarifiers. Primary clarifiers remove settable solids before biological treatment, producing primary sludge. Secondary clarifiers remove biomass from the aerated water, producing secondary sludge. Common clarifier designs include circular and rectangular shapes. The clarification process involves the settling of heavier solids to the bottom of the tank due to gravity, while scum and lighter materials float to the surface.
Effluent Treatment Plant Design, Operation And Analysis Of Waste Water Jaidev Singh
Contents
1. Introduction to Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
1.1 Use of water in industries
1.2 Industrial waste water sources
1.3 Effluent Treatment Plant
1.4 National Standards for waste water
1.5 What do these standards means?
1.6 Waste water treatment
1.7 Planning an Effluent Treatment Plant : Factors to Consider
2. Treatment Methods
2.1 Physical Unit Operations
2.2 Chemical Unit Processes
2.3 Biological Unit Processes
3. Operation and control
3.1 Mixed liquor suspended solids
3.2 Sludge Volume Index and Sludge Density Index
3.3 Sludge Age; Mean Cell Residence Time (MCRT)
3.4 Food/Mass Ratio
3.5 Constant MLSS
3.6 Return Activated Sludge Control (RAS)
4. Choosing an Effluent Treatment Plant
4.1 Biological Treatment
4.2 Physico-Chemical Treatment
4.3 Physico-Chemical and Biological Treatment
4.4 Area Requirement Comparison
4.5 Cost Comparison
5. Chemical Analysis of Waste Water
5.1 Commonly used chemicals
5.2 Chemical Tests and procedures
Effluent treatment plant - design, operation and analysis of waste water trea...Shubham Hydrosys Pvt. Ltd
The Effluent Treatment Plants [ETP] plant is designed to treat the effluent coming from various areas of the plant. The treatment of different effluents varies with the type of effluent. Industrial wastewater contains a diversity of impurities and therefore for this reason alone, its treatment establishes a special task. Shubham Inc. offers comprehensive range of Effluent Treatment Plants that is highly effective.
The complete treatment solution works at many levels and comprises of different physical, chemical, biological and membrane processes. For reducing the BOD, COD, color, nitrogen and toxic level of the effluent, SHUBHAM is offeringa various solutions from ASP (activated sludge process) to advance Membrane technologies as per treated water uses.Shubham OffersCustomized systems to suit the extensive variety of effluents and to maintain efficiency are provided to industries.
We provide innovative and economical systems for waste withexpertise is advantageously employed for the technical and economic optimization of every subsequent facility.
SHUBHAM INC use the best-in-class technology and cutting-edge tools to foster high-quality, sustainable, community-level water supply sewage treatment plant and Effluent Treatment Plants projects in Gujarat, India across the ahmedabad, Surat, Rajkot and Baroda.
Some processes followed by us are:
• Aerobic Biological Process
• Anaerobic Biological Process
• Chemical-physical process
TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS:
1. Oil & grease Separation
2. Neutralization of Acids and Alkali
3. Removal of Suspended Solids
4. Reduction & Removal of metallic impurities
5. Reduction of high organic content: BOD, COD, P, TKN, etc.
6. Dissolve impurities for ZLD system.
TREATMENT METHODS
• Primary clarifications
• Biological process
• Secondary clarifications.
• Tertiary treatment
• Polishing units i.e. UF, RO and DM (Optional for recycling or ZLD)
Applications:
• Textile Industries
• Distilleries
• Pharmacy Industries.
• Chemical Industries
• Paper Industries
• Tannery Industries
• Dye & Dye Intermediaries
• Edible Oil Refineries
• Electroplating Industries
Features:
• Sturdy construction
• Resistant to corrosion
• Superior performance
• Rapid installation
• Less civil work involved
• Flexible in reworking
Effluent treatment Plant covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat such waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use.
This document describes the effluent treatment plant (ETP) of Delta Knit Composite Ltd. The ETP uses a biological treatment process to treat 120 m3/hr of industrial wastewater. The treatment process includes screening, equalization, pH correction, aeration, sedimentation, sludge thickening, and recycling of sludge. The ETP is able to reduce pollutants in the wastewater and produce treated effluent that can be safely discharged and dried sludge.
The document discusses solid waste management and integrated waste management strategies. It covers topics such as waste generation sources, the functional elements of solid waste management systems, management options like source reduction and landfills. It also discusses implementing strategies, typical costs, regulations, planning considerations, materials in municipal solid waste over time, and recovery and management trends. Source reduction, collection, and toxicity reduction are explained in detail with examples.
The document discusses effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It explains that ETPs treat wastewater from industrial or commercial activities before releasing it into the environment. ETPs use various treatment units like screens, sedimentation tanks, and biological processes to remove pollutants. Primary treatment removes solids while secondary treatment uses microorganisms to break down organic matter. Tertiary treatment can further purify the water using techniques like filtration and ion exchange. The document provides details on the purpose and functioning of common unit operations in ETPs.
The document describes the key components and processes of an effluent treatment plant (ETP). The ETP treats industrial wastewater in multiple stages including preliminary treatment to remove solids, primary treatment using sedimentation, secondary treatment using biological processes like activated sludge, and tertiary/advanced treatment using techniques like sand filters to further polish the water before discharge or reuse. The ETP aims to clean industrial effluent to reduce freshwater usage and allow safe release of water back into the environment while meeting pollution standards.
The document discusses various techniques for demineralizing water for high pressure boilers, including distillation, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, and ion exchange. It provides details on the processes of reverse osmosis and ion exchange, which are the most common techniques used. Reverse osmosis uses pressure to force water through a semi-permeable membrane, leaving dissolved ions behind. Ion exchange involves the reversible exchange of ions between a solid resin and water, allowing contaminated water to be treated by replacing its ions with more desirable ones like hydrogen or hydroxide ions. The document outlines the components and operation of typical reverse osmosis and ion exchange systems used for demineralization.
An effluent treatment plant uses physical, chemical, and biological processes to alter wastewater properties and remove toxins, producing effluent that can be safely discharged or reused. Common treatment steps include pre-treatment to remove solids, primary treatment using sedimentation to remove sludge and oils, secondary biological treatment using microbes, tertiary treatment to remove additional contaminants, and disinfection to reduce pathogens before discharge. The document provides an overview of an effluent treatment plant's purpose and various treatment processes.
The document discusses biological treatment as a method for removing contaminants from wastewater. It describes how bacteria and microorganisms break down organic materials through assimilation. There are various physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods outlined, with biological treatment being the focus. The key types of biological treatment systems discussed are activated sludge treatment, trickling filtration, and constructed wetlands. The document provides details on the process, equipment, advantages, and output quality of biological wastewater treatment.
The document describes the effluent treatment plant (ETP) at Rourkela Steel Plant. The ETP treats wastewater from the Gas Cleaning Plant and recycles it for further use. The wastewater contains high levels of suspended solids that are removed through a multi-step process involving flash mixing with coagulants, settling in clarifiers, dewatering using a filter press, and recycling of treated water. The ETP is designed to treat 1140 cubic meters of wastewater per hour to reduce costs and conserve water resources.
This document provides an overview of a turnkey solution for water and wastewater treatment. It discusses various treatment processes including bioaugmentation, screens, primary clarification, biological processes, and sedimentation tanks. It then focuses on the activated sludge process for secondary treatment, describing the basic process, design considerations like organic loading and aeration requirements, and different aeration methods like diffused, spray, turbine, and surface aeration.
UV treatment uses ultraviolet light to kill microorganisms by disrupting their DNA. It has been used for water treatment since the early 1900s. A typical UV system consists of a UV lamp, quartz sleeve, reactor chamber, and ballast. Pretreatment is required to remove solids that could shield microorganisms from the UV light. Effectiveness depends on hydraulic properties, UV intensity, and water characteristics. Proper maintenance like cleaning the quartz sleeve and replacing lamps is necessary to ensure sufficient UV radiation. There are different types of UV lamps including cold cathode, hot cathode, slimline, high output, and UV LEDs that vary in their applications and features.
The document provides information about effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It discusses the need to treat effluent to prevent environmental pollution. It describes the major treatment units in ETPs, which include preliminary treatment to remove solids, primary treatment using sedimentation to remove heavier particles, and secondary treatment using biological processes like activated sludge or trickling filters to break down organic matter. The document contains detailed information about the individual processes and units used at each stage of treatment in an ETP.
This document provides an overview of municipal and domestic wastewater treatment processes. It discusses the key microbial processes involved, including biodegradation, bioconversion, and removal/separation processes. Common treatment steps like primary settling, biological treatment, clarification and disinfection are outlined. Specific examples of wastewater treatment plants and processes, such as activated sludge reactors and anaerobic digestion, are also described. The document raises questions around optimizing microbial functions in wastewater treatment and recovering resources from wastewater.
This document discusses various water treatment processes used in the pharmaceutical industry, including reverse osmosis (RO), demineralization (DM), and ultrafiltration. RO uses semipermeable membranes to remove dissolved solids, organic pyrogens, and microbes from water. DM removes mineral salts using ion exchange resins. Ultrafiltration uses membranes to retain suspended solids and high molecular weight substances while allowing water and low molecular solutes to pass through. The document also describes different types of treated pharmaceutical water like water for injection and their uses.
The document provides information about effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It discusses the concept of ETPs and why they are needed to treat effluent prior to release into the environment. It then describes the major treatment units used in ETPs, including preliminary treatment to remove solids and oils, primary treatment using sedimentation tanks, secondary biological treatment using methods like activated sludge process, and tertiary treatment using filtration and disinfection. Key processes and components of an ETP are screening, grit removal, equalization, neutralization, trickling filters, UASB reactors, and various filtration options.
This document provides information about industrial effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It defines ETPs and explains why they are needed to treat industrial effluent before release or reuse. The major treatment units in an ETP are described, including preliminary (screening, grit removal), primary (sedimentation, clarification), secondary (activated sludge process, trickling filters), and tertiary (filtration, disinfection) treatments. Specific unit processes like neutralization tanks, equalization tanks, and aerobic/anaerobic digesters are also outlined.
The document discusses effluent treatment plants. It describes effluent as liquid waste flowing from various sources and outlines the key stages of industrial wastewater treatment and sewage treatment. These include pre-treatment, screening, grit removal, primary treatment using sedimentation, secondary treatment using biological processes, and sometimes tertiary treatment for advanced cleaning. Sludge produced is also treated and disposed of safely.
This document provides an overview of clarifiers, which are used in sewage treatment plants to remove solids from wastewater. It discusses the different types of clarifiers, including primary and secondary clarifiers. Primary clarifiers remove settable solids before biological treatment, producing primary sludge. Secondary clarifiers remove biomass from the aerated water, producing secondary sludge. Common clarifier designs include circular and rectangular shapes. The clarification process involves the settling of heavier solids to the bottom of the tank due to gravity, while scum and lighter materials float to the surface.
Effluent Treatment Plant Design, Operation And Analysis Of Waste Water Jaidev Singh
Contents
1. Introduction to Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
1.1 Use of water in industries
1.2 Industrial waste water sources
1.3 Effluent Treatment Plant
1.4 National Standards for waste water
1.5 What do these standards means?
1.6 Waste water treatment
1.7 Planning an Effluent Treatment Plant : Factors to Consider
2. Treatment Methods
2.1 Physical Unit Operations
2.2 Chemical Unit Processes
2.3 Biological Unit Processes
3. Operation and control
3.1 Mixed liquor suspended solids
3.2 Sludge Volume Index and Sludge Density Index
3.3 Sludge Age; Mean Cell Residence Time (MCRT)
3.4 Food/Mass Ratio
3.5 Constant MLSS
3.6 Return Activated Sludge Control (RAS)
4. Choosing an Effluent Treatment Plant
4.1 Biological Treatment
4.2 Physico-Chemical Treatment
4.3 Physico-Chemical and Biological Treatment
4.4 Area Requirement Comparison
4.5 Cost Comparison
5. Chemical Analysis of Waste Water
5.1 Commonly used chemicals
5.2 Chemical Tests and procedures
Effluent treatment plant - design, operation and analysis of waste water trea...Shubham Hydrosys Pvt. Ltd
The Effluent Treatment Plants [ETP] plant is designed to treat the effluent coming from various areas of the plant. The treatment of different effluents varies with the type of effluent. Industrial wastewater contains a diversity of impurities and therefore for this reason alone, its treatment establishes a special task. Shubham Inc. offers comprehensive range of Effluent Treatment Plants that is highly effective.
The complete treatment solution works at many levels and comprises of different physical, chemical, biological and membrane processes. For reducing the BOD, COD, color, nitrogen and toxic level of the effluent, SHUBHAM is offeringa various solutions from ASP (activated sludge process) to advance Membrane technologies as per treated water uses.Shubham OffersCustomized systems to suit the extensive variety of effluents and to maintain efficiency are provided to industries.
We provide innovative and economical systems for waste withexpertise is advantageously employed for the technical and economic optimization of every subsequent facility.
SHUBHAM INC use the best-in-class technology and cutting-edge tools to foster high-quality, sustainable, community-level water supply sewage treatment plant and Effluent Treatment Plants projects in Gujarat, India across the ahmedabad, Surat, Rajkot and Baroda.
Some processes followed by us are:
• Aerobic Biological Process
• Anaerobic Biological Process
• Chemical-physical process
TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS:
1. Oil & grease Separation
2. Neutralization of Acids and Alkali
3. Removal of Suspended Solids
4. Reduction & Removal of metallic impurities
5. Reduction of high organic content: BOD, COD, P, TKN, etc.
6. Dissolve impurities for ZLD system.
TREATMENT METHODS
• Primary clarifications
• Biological process
• Secondary clarifications.
• Tertiary treatment
• Polishing units i.e. UF, RO and DM (Optional for recycling or ZLD)
Applications:
• Textile Industries
• Distilleries
• Pharmacy Industries.
• Chemical Industries
• Paper Industries
• Tannery Industries
• Dye & Dye Intermediaries
• Edible Oil Refineries
• Electroplating Industries
Features:
• Sturdy construction
• Resistant to corrosion
• Superior performance
• Rapid installation
• Less civil work involved
• Flexible in reworking
Effluent treatment Plant covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat such waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use.
This document describes the effluent treatment plant (ETP) of Delta Knit Composite Ltd. The ETP uses a biological treatment process to treat 120 m3/hr of industrial wastewater. The treatment process includes screening, equalization, pH correction, aeration, sedimentation, sludge thickening, and recycling of sludge. The ETP is able to reduce pollutants in the wastewater and produce treated effluent that can be safely discharged and dried sludge.
The document discusses solid waste management and integrated waste management strategies. It covers topics such as waste generation sources, the functional elements of solid waste management systems, management options like source reduction and landfills. It also discusses implementing strategies, typical costs, regulations, planning considerations, materials in municipal solid waste over time, and recovery and management trends. Source reduction, collection, and toxicity reduction are explained in detail with examples.
The document discusses effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It explains that ETPs treat wastewater from industrial or commercial activities before releasing it into the environment. ETPs use various treatment units like screens, sedimentation tanks, and biological processes to remove pollutants. Primary treatment removes solids while secondary treatment uses microorganisms to break down organic matter. Tertiary treatment can further purify the water using techniques like filtration and ion exchange. The document provides details on the purpose and functioning of common unit operations in ETPs.
The document describes the key components and processes of an effluent treatment plant (ETP). The ETP treats industrial wastewater in multiple stages including preliminary treatment to remove solids, primary treatment using sedimentation, secondary treatment using biological processes like activated sludge, and tertiary/advanced treatment using techniques like sand filters to further polish the water before discharge or reuse. The ETP aims to clean industrial effluent to reduce freshwater usage and allow safe release of water back into the environment while meeting pollution standards.
The document discusses various techniques for demineralizing water for high pressure boilers, including distillation, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, and ion exchange. It provides details on the processes of reverse osmosis and ion exchange, which are the most common techniques used. Reverse osmosis uses pressure to force water through a semi-permeable membrane, leaving dissolved ions behind. Ion exchange involves the reversible exchange of ions between a solid resin and water, allowing contaminated water to be treated by replacing its ions with more desirable ones like hydrogen or hydroxide ions. The document outlines the components and operation of typical reverse osmosis and ion exchange systems used for demineralization.
An effluent treatment plant uses physical, chemical, and biological processes to alter wastewater properties and remove toxins, producing effluent that can be safely discharged or reused. Common treatment steps include pre-treatment to remove solids, primary treatment using sedimentation to remove sludge and oils, secondary biological treatment using microbes, tertiary treatment to remove additional contaminants, and disinfection to reduce pathogens before discharge. The document provides an overview of an effluent treatment plant's purpose and various treatment processes.
The document discusses biological treatment as a method for removing contaminants from wastewater. It describes how bacteria and microorganisms break down organic materials through assimilation. There are various physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods outlined, with biological treatment being the focus. The key types of biological treatment systems discussed are activated sludge treatment, trickling filtration, and constructed wetlands. The document provides details on the process, equipment, advantages, and output quality of biological wastewater treatment.
The document describes the effluent treatment plant (ETP) at Rourkela Steel Plant. The ETP treats wastewater from the Gas Cleaning Plant and recycles it for further use. The wastewater contains high levels of suspended solids that are removed through a multi-step process involving flash mixing with coagulants, settling in clarifiers, dewatering using a filter press, and recycling of treated water. The ETP is designed to treat 1140 cubic meters of wastewater per hour to reduce costs and conserve water resources.
This document provides an overview of a turnkey solution for water and wastewater treatment. It discusses various treatment processes including bioaugmentation, screens, primary clarification, biological processes, and sedimentation tanks. It then focuses on the activated sludge process for secondary treatment, describing the basic process, design considerations like organic loading and aeration requirements, and different aeration methods like diffused, spray, turbine, and surface aeration.
UV treatment uses ultraviolet light to kill microorganisms by disrupting their DNA. It has been used for water treatment since the early 1900s. A typical UV system consists of a UV lamp, quartz sleeve, reactor chamber, and ballast. Pretreatment is required to remove solids that could shield microorganisms from the UV light. Effectiveness depends on hydraulic properties, UV intensity, and water characteristics. Proper maintenance like cleaning the quartz sleeve and replacing lamps is necessary to ensure sufficient UV radiation. There are different types of UV lamps including cold cathode, hot cathode, slimline, high output, and UV LEDs that vary in their applications and features.
The document provides information about effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It discusses the need to treat effluent to prevent environmental pollution. It describes the major treatment units in ETPs, which include preliminary treatment to remove solids, primary treatment using sedimentation to remove heavier particles, and secondary treatment using biological processes like activated sludge or trickling filters to break down organic matter. The document contains detailed information about the individual processes and units used at each stage of treatment in an ETP.
This document provides an overview of municipal and domestic wastewater treatment processes. It discusses the key microbial processes involved, including biodegradation, bioconversion, and removal/separation processes. Common treatment steps like primary settling, biological treatment, clarification and disinfection are outlined. Specific examples of wastewater treatment plants and processes, such as activated sludge reactors and anaerobic digestion, are also described. The document raises questions around optimizing microbial functions in wastewater treatment and recovering resources from wastewater.
This document discusses various water treatment processes used in the pharmaceutical industry, including reverse osmosis (RO), demineralization (DM), and ultrafiltration. RO uses semipermeable membranes to remove dissolved solids, organic pyrogens, and microbes from water. DM removes mineral salts using ion exchange resins. Ultrafiltration uses membranes to retain suspended solids and high molecular weight substances while allowing water and low molecular solutes to pass through. The document also describes different types of treated pharmaceutical water like water for injection and their uses.
The document provides information about effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It discusses the concept of ETPs and why they are needed to treat effluent prior to release into the environment. It then describes the major treatment units used in ETPs, including preliminary treatment to remove solids and oils, primary treatment using sedimentation tanks, secondary biological treatment using methods like activated sludge process, and tertiary treatment using filtration and disinfection. Key processes and components of an ETP are screening, grit removal, equalization, neutralization, trickling filters, UASB reactors, and various filtration options.
This document provides information about industrial effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It defines ETPs and explains why they are needed to treat industrial effluent before release or reuse. The major treatment units in an ETP are described, including preliminary (screening, grit removal), primary (sedimentation, clarification), secondary (activated sludge process, trickling filters), and tertiary (filtration, disinfection) treatments. Specific unit processes like neutralization tanks, equalization tanks, and aerobic/anaerobic digesters are also outlined.
The document discusses the multi-stage process of wastewater treatment. It includes pre-treatment to remove large debris, primary treatment to allow solids to settle and remove oils and grease, secondary treatment using bacteria to break down biological materials, and tertiary treatment to remove additional pollutants through methods like filtration, nutrient removal, and disinfection before environmental release.
The document discusses the multi-stage process of wastewater treatment. It begins with pre-treatment to remove large debris through screening and grit removal. Primary treatment uses sedimentation to separate solids and floatables. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge to break down organic matter. Tertiary treatment provides additional filtration, nutrient removal, and disinfection before water is discharged.
Municipal sewage treatment systems carry out various steps involved. These steps are primary treatment, secondary (or) biological treatment, and tertiary treatment.
#Treatment and Recycling of Sewage and Sludge
#Composition of Sewage
#Hazardous-Waste Management
#Treatment
#Physical Sewage Treatment or Primary Treatment
#Biological Treatment of Sewage or Secondary Treatment
#Chemical Treatment of Sewage or Tertiary Treatment
BOD and sewage water treatment processSamiaSalman1
The document discusses wastewater treatment processes. It describes that wastewater undergoes preliminary treatment to remove solids, primary treatment to remove settleable solids through sedimentation, and secondary treatment using biological processes like trickling filters, activated sludge, or oxidation ponds to further reduce organic matter. It then provides details on the steps and purposes of preliminary treatment, primary treatment, and some secondary treatment options.
The document discusses the key principles and processes involved in industrial wastewater treatment. It begins by outlining the various sources and uses of water in industries and how this leads to wastewater. It then describes the important goals of industrial wastewater treatment as disposal or reuse of effluent while managing water pollution. The document proceeds to detail the major treatment steps, including physical, chemical, and biological processes, and concludes by discussing final disposal methods.
Industrial waste water purification procedurepasindulaksara1
The effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is a method that is used to treat the emanation coming out from many areas of the plant. It includes biological, physical, and chemical processes. It aims to releasing safe water into the environment to prevent it from getting cop0ntaminated. These plants are have been very useful in the process of providing clean water to the environment and have conserved water in a number of ways.
This document discusses wastewater and its treatment. It defines wastewater as used water from domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities. It describes the types of pollutants found in wastewater, including chemical, physical and biological pollutants. The document then discusses the objectives and various stages of wastewater treatment processes, including primary treatment techniques like screening and sedimentation, as well as secondary treatment processes like activated sludge, trickling filters and aerated lagoons. Finally, it notes that wastewater treatment aims to reduce pollutants and allow water to be safely discharged or reused.
The document discusses wastewater management and treatment. It describes how wastewater contains pollutants and needs to be treated before discharge. The treatment process typically involves primary, secondary, and sometimes tertiary steps. Primary treatment removes solids through screens and sedimentation. Secondary treatment uses microbes to break down organic matter, often through activated sludge treatment or trickling filters. Tertiary treatment can further remove nutrients and pathogens through methods like filtration or disinfection. The goal of treatment is to make wastewater safe to release into the environment while minimizing environmental impacts.
This document provides an overview of the sewage treatment process. It begins with an introduction to sewage treatment and its importance. It then describes the various stages of treatment - preliminary (screening), primary (settling), secondary (trickling filters or activated sludge), tertiary (additional filtration), and solids processing (digestion or composting). The final effluent is disinfected before discharge while solids are disposed of in landfills. The document outlines the key objectives, processes, and equipment used at each treatment stage.
This document discusses various stages and methods for wastewater treatment. It begins with an overview of the typical stages: primary treatment to remove solids, secondary treatment using biological processes, and tertiary treatment for disinfection. It then provides details on specific treatment methods and components used at each stage, including screens, grit chambers, sedimentation tanks, trickling filters, activated sludge, and anaerobic digestion. The document also discusses aerated lagoons, rotating biological contactors, septic tanks, and aerated water treatment systems as alternatives for secondary treatment.
Use of biotechnology in the treatment of municipal wastes and hazardousindust...Sijo A
Industrial waste water is a type of waste water produced by industrial activity, such as that of factories, mills and mines.
It is characterised by its large volume, high temperature, high concentration of biodegradable organic matter and suspended solids, high alkanity or acidity and by variations of flow.
The treatment of wastes by micro-organisms is called biological waste treatment.
This document discusses primary and secondary wastewater treatment processes. It begins by explaining that wastewater treatment involves applying technology to improve water quality by removing solids and contaminants. The primary goals of treatment are to protect public health, improve the environment, and allow for water reuse. The document then describes the steps of primary treatment, which uses physical processes like screening, comminution, grit removal, and sedimentation to remove 40-60% of suspended solids over 2-3 hours. Secondary treatment uses biological processes to further break down remaining organic matter.
This document discusses industrial wastewater treatment processes. It describes the types of industrial effluent and provides an overview of common sewage treatment processes. These generally include pre-treatment to remove solids, primary treatment using sedimentation to remove settleable materials, secondary treatment using biological processes to break down organic matter, and sometimes tertiary treatment for advanced nutrient removal. The goal is to produce a treated effluent that is safe to release into the environment and a treated sludge that can be disposed of or reused.
Sewage treatment involves physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove contaminants from wastewater and produce an effluent that is safe to discharge back into the environment. It generally involves three stages - primary treatment to separate solids, secondary treatment using microorganisms to break down organic matter, and tertiary treatment using additional processes like filtration, nutrient removal, and disinfection to further polish the water before discharge. The goal is to protect water quality by removing harmful pathogens, excess nutrients, and other pollutants from residential, commercial, and industrial wastewater before returning the treated water to nature.
Sewage treatment involves physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove contaminants from wastewater and produce an effluent suitable for discharge. It includes three main stages - primary treatment to separate solids, secondary treatment using microorganisms to break down biological matter, and tertiary treatment using additional processes like filtration, nutrient removal, and disinfection to further polish the water before environmental discharge or reuse. The goal is to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants from sewage originating from residences and commercial/industrial sources in order to protect water quality in receiving environments.
This document summarizes the key processes involved in wastewater treatment, including primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment stages. Primary treatment involves physical processes like screening and sedimentation to remove solids. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like trickling filters, activated sludge tanks, and anaerobic digesters to break down organic matter. Tertiary treatment provides disinfection using chlorination, UV light, or ozonation to remove pathogens before wastewater is discharged.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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2. Concept of ETP
Effluent treatment Plant covers the mechanisms and processes used
to treat such waters that have been contaminated in some way by
anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release
into the environment or its re-use.
This effluent contains several pollutants, which can be removed
with the help of an effluent treatment plant.
ETP treat water and make free from all objectionable impurities
present in suspension, colloidal or dissolved form.
3. Need to Treat Effluent
To prevent groundwater pollution.
To prevent sea shore.
To prevent soil.
To prevent marine life.
Protection of public health.
To reuse the treated effluent.
For agriculture.
For groundwater recharge.
For industrial recycle.
Solving social problems caused by the accumulation of wastewater
4. Major Treatment units in ETP
1.Preliminary Treatment
2.Primary Treatment
3.Secondary Treatment
4.Tertiary Treatment
5. Preliminary Treatment
Preliminary treatment removes gross solids and materials that can be
easily collected from the effluent and can damage or clog the pumps and
skimmers of primary treatment clarifiers.
These are in-organic materials and insoluble organic pollutants (i.e. large
floating and suspended solid matter, grit, oil & grease) which are inert and
cause problems to further chemical and biological treatments.
The presence and sequence of preliminary treatment units are totally
depend upon the characteristic of effluent that is to be treated.
All preliminary treatment consist of physical separation techniques by
controlling flow rate of effluent.
7. SCREENS
Screens are used for removal of large floating and sub-merged material
such as plastic, paper pieces, rubber, etc. from effluent.
Major objectives are:
They prevent clogging in pump, pipes and valves, etc.
Prevent to interfere large material in primary and secondary treatment units.
Screens are classified in number of ways as follows:
Based on the size of opening- such as coarse, medium and fine screens.
Depending upon shape- such as disc, drum, band, etc.
Based on method of cleaning- such as mechanical ormanual.
8. Detritor /scrapers
Detritors are shallow circular ponds used in pre-treatment
plants with the purpose of grit removal.
Chain or blade type Detritors/scrappers are utilised in an
adjacent channel into which the collected grit istransferred.
Used when the soft and sticky substance, Grits with a 6 m
diameter are removed in the detritor.
9. Grit Chamber
Grit Chamber is used for removal of inert inorganic material consist of
sand, ash, cinder, silt, clay, glass pieces, etc.
It provides safeguard against damage to pumps, pipes and other
equipments by avoiding settling in pipe bends and channels.
The eliminated material is collected from chamber and used for land
filling, road making and on sludge drying beds.
10. Skimming Tank
Skimming Tank is used for removal of oil and grease consist of fats, waxes,
fatty acids, soaps, mineral oils, etc. present in emulsified condition in
effluent.
These materials have low solubility in water, therefore not readily available
for biological treatment and often accumulate on surface in form of scum
causing foul odors.
Objectives: Removal of scum (oil & grease) which can otherwise create
problem in biological treatment units.
11. Primary Treatment
Primary treatment consists of temporarily holding the sewage in a inert basin
where heavy solids can settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids
float to the surface.
The settled material go for sludge treatment and floating materials are
skimmed off. The remaining liquid is passed to secondary treatment.
Tanks are usually equipped with mechanically driven scrapers that continually
drive the collected sludge towards a hopper in the base of the tank where it is
pumped to sludge treatment facilities.
At this stage, over 70% of the suspended solids and 40% of the BOD is
removed from effluent.
13. Sedimentation Tank(Clarifier)
Sedimentation Tank are designed to remove suspended particles that are heavier
than water through gravitational force by reducing water velocity.
So it’s a solid liquid separation process in which a suspension is separated into
two phases –
1. Clarified supernatant leaving the top of the sedimentation tank(underflow).
2. Concentrated sludge leaving the bottom of the sedimentation tank(overflow).
An efficient sedimentation tank can remove about 90% of suspended particle
and 40% organic matter with two hour of detention time.
14. Clarifloculator
Clarifloculator consist of coagulation (chemical) and
flocculation (mechanical) process.
The chemical used for coagulation are called coagulants.
The most common coagulants are Alum, hydrated lime, ferric
chloride, ferrous sulfate and PAC (Poly aluminum Chloride).
15. Equalization Tank
Some industries produce different types of wastes, having different
characteristics at different intervals of time.
Hence, equalization tank is used to mixed different type of effluent
thoroughly to produce homogenous and equalized effluent for uniform
treatment.
This are large holding tanks with aeration or mechanical agitation with
paddles manually to give better mixing of the different unit volumes of
effluents.
The effluent is hold and mixed for specified period of time.
16. Neutralization Tank
Neutralization tank is used to provide treatment to highly acidicor highly
alkaline effluent through neutralizing pH by addition of chemicals.
Industry require neutralization of discharged effluent when it has as highly
acidic and/or highly alkaline effluent.
Acidic effluent is usually treated with lime stone or lime-slurry or caustic
soda, depending upon the type and quantity of effluent.
Alkaline effluent is neutralized by sulphuric acid or CO2 or waste boiler flue
gas.
17. Secondary treatment
Secondary treatment is a biological treatment of effluent which is typically
performed by indigenous, water-borne micro-organisms in a managed
habitat.
Secondary treatment removes dissolved and suspended organic
(biodegradable) matter by consuming it as a food and convert it into new
cell mass, energy and CO2 .
The most common micro-organisms are bacteria (aerobic or anaerobic),
protozoa and rotifers; least common are fungi and algae.
After secondary treatment almost 70-90% of BOD and 80-90% of dissolved
solids are removed from effluent.
19. Trickling Filter
In trickling filter treatment, wastewater is sprayed through sprinkling
rotating arm on circular beds consist of 3-10 ft deep coarse media (of
crushed stones, gravels or synthetic material).
Microorganisms get attach and grows on the media and resultsin
formation of film of microorganisms called zoogloeal film.
This zoogloeal film consist of millions of micro-organisms breakdowns
organic material of effluent into simple and soluble matter. Treated
effluent is drain at bottom from where it is collected then undergoesfor
sedimentation.
It is simple to operate and give almost 80-90% of BOD removal with high
quality effluent
20. Activated Sludge Process(ASP)
This is most versatile biological oxidation method employed for the
treatment of effluent containing of dissolved solids, coarse and colloidal
organic matter.
In this method, effluent is aerated in a reaction tank consist of microbial
population in suspension form. Aerobic bacteria degrades effluent into
CO2 and H2O for which oxygen is supplied through mechanical aeration or
by diffused aeration system.
The bacterial flora grows and remains suspended in the form of a floc
called activated sludge. A part of sludge is recycled for the same tank to
provide an effective microbial population for a fresh treatment cycle.
Industrial ww require 6 to 24 hours of aeration through which almost 90-
95% of BOD can be removed.
21. Tertiary Treatment
Tertiary treatment is the final treatment, meant for ‘polishing’ the effluent
and removal of pollutants not removed in primary and secondary treatment.
These pollutants may include soluble inorganic compounds such as
phosphorous or nitrogen which may support algal growth in receiving water.
Also removes organic materials contributing BOD, COD, color, taste, odor;
bacteria, viruses, colloidal solids contributing turbidity; or soluble minerals
which may interfere with subsequent re-use of the wastewater.
Preferred when treated water is need to be reuse or discharge is into a
highly sensitive or fragile ecosystem (estuaries, rivers, coral reefs, etc).
23. Filtration
Filtration is process of removing particulates and bacterial impurities that
could not be removed in earlier treatment, from water by passing it through a
porous medium.
It is used to remove colloidal and other impurities which impart turbidity to
water. Also for disinfection of water by reducing 90% of bacterial load.
It is also used to reduce odor and color by arresting them in filter media.
There are various type of filter available to treat certain type of wastewater.
Selection is totally depend upon characteristics of ww, efficiency of absorbent,
flow rate and pollutant to be removed from ww.
24. Activated Carbon Filters
ACF consist of activated carbon granules supported by very fine quartz
filter media. Various grades of carbon are available for specialized
treatment of wastewater.
ACF are used to remove free chlorine, organic residues, toxic heavy metal
ions and color from ww
Most common adsorbents used are activated carbon, peat moss, brown
coal and other cellulose materials.
This treatment not only improves taste of water but also protects other
water treatment units such as reverse osmosis membranes and ion
exchange resins from possible damage due to oxidation or organic fouling.
25. Treatment Process
The following flow diagram shows the processes followed in
the existing ETP of Gonoshasthaya Antibiotic Limited and it
represents more or less the current scenario of waste water
treatment in the pharmaceutical industries of Bangladesh.
26. Process FLOW DIAGRAM
SCREENING EQUALIZATION
FLOCCULATION&
CLARIFICATION
NEUTRALIZATION
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION AND
CLARIFICATION
AEROBIC
DIGESTION AND
CLARIFICATION
CHLORINATION
FILTRATION &
ADSORPTION ON
ACTIVATED
CARBON
SLUDGE
MANAGEMENT
27. Screening
It has the goal to separate coarse and fine matter at the inlet
of the plant, avoiding sedimentation and clogging in the
successive stages.
Raw effluent from the source is usually received into the bar
screen chamber by gravity.
Screen provided will remove all floating and big size matter
such as plastic bottles, polythene bags, glasses, stones, etc.,
which may otherwise choke the pipeline and pumps.
28. Equalization Tank
Effluent is collected for equalization, which is designed for a normal storage
minimum 8 hours.
civil water is mixed with primary treated water. Coarse bubble aeration is
provided by means of an air blower and distribution system to achieve a
uniform and homogenous mixture of concentration of the discharge.
The raw waste from the main plant is first collected in the equalization tank
through a bar screen.
The equalization tank is designed for a hydraulic retention time of around 10
hours and is provided with air grids connected to air blowers for maintaining
the solids in suspension.
29. Flocculation and Clarification
The equalized effluent water is then pumped into the flocculation tank, where
coagulant and polymer is dosed in the flocculation compartment to air in the
process of settling.
Alum, Lime and Polyelectrolyte are added by means of dosing with pumping
or gravity force to reaction tank for sludge formation. The chemicals are
injected in the pipeline feeding and controlled by valve.
Prepared chemical solution and its dosing depend on Effluent properties BOD,
COD, and suspended solids reduce in this stage by nearly 50%.
The overflow from the LAMELLA clarifier is taken for further treatment for
removal of BOD, COD etc., while the underflow is taken for sludge treatment.
30. Neutralization
The waste water will have acidic pH and base dosing will be required for
bringing up pH to level (6-9).
The raw effluent contains average pH 3.3. The suitable pH of Anaerobic
Microorganisms is 8 to 9 and the suitable pH of Aerobic Microorganism is
7 to 8.
The biochemical reactions of the Anaerobic Microorganisms reduce pH
minimum by 0.5-1.5 by producing organic acids, so when the effluent pH
9.0 then for plant safety neutralize pH to 8.0 by controlled Alkali dosing.
31. Anaerobic Digestion and Clarification
Effluent from the high polluted equalization tank is pumped to anaerobic
digester for Bio-Chemical reaction.
Normally some Cow dung can be used as nutrient of anaerobic
microorganism at primary stage (up to 5 days). COD & BOD will be
reduced & pH also reduced by biochemical reaction at this area and
formed CH4 gas, organic acids, N2 and CO2.
Aerobic bio mass are used for nutrient as Nitrogen and Phosphorous
source. This digestion process ultimately reduces the total sludge quantity.
32. Aerobic Digestion and Clarification
To reduce pollution load (BOD, COD, TDS, TSS etc.) and decolorization reaction
is occurred by microbial action, in the oxidation process neutral effluent is
oxidized aerobic bacteria and microorganism.
These bacteria are very sensitive about pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and
nutrients.
Aeration provides oxygen by means of air diffuser in the form of fine air bubble
which will oxidize the organic compound and oxidizable inorganic compound
by Biochemical reaction. Some sulfate reducing bacteria plays an important
role to removal of heavy metals in the effluent.
33. CONT….
This tank is divided into two parts, Oxygen will be provided in tank by air diffuser. In this
reduction process resulting in the formation of Biogenic Sulfide, these Sulfides form highly
insoluble precipitate with heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, etc. and be removed.
After oxidation effluent comes to clarifier with suspended sludge & for new cell settled at
the bottom of the clarifier unit. There is also a provision to return the activated sludge in to
the distribution tank and a part of it to carry at sludge drying bed or filter press & a part to
carry at anaerobic pond as nutrients.
To maintain a certain level of MLSS (3500-3800ppm) in oxidation tank as good efficiency,
clear water is overflowed from clarifier drain and collected in Clear water tank/ Post
Oxidation tank.
34. Chlorination
The overflow from the secondary lamella clarifier is collected
in the clear water tank where chlorine in the form of sodium
hypochlorite is dosed to aid in the process of disinfection.
The disinfected water is then treated through filtration to
achieve desired treated water quality.
35. Filtration & adsorption on activated carbon
The chlorinated waste water is then pumped into the Multi grade filter for
removal of suspended solids.
The filtered water is then passed through Activated carbon filter for further
polishing and removal of excess chlorine.
The ACF treated water is collected in the treated water tank from where it
is pumped for backwash of the filters. The dirty backwash water is taken
back to the equalization tank.
The filtered water can be used for low end applications like toilet flushing,
gardening etc.
36. Sludge Management
The concentrated sludge is then taken to sludge bed or filter
press.
The dried up sludge is manually cleared for disposal as land
filling.
Very minimum sludge will be produced from aerobic digester
as dry form and anaerobic sludge will be cleaned from
anaerobic digester once a year and these will be disinfected
by Sodium hypo Chloride. It can be used as fertilizer or as land
filling.