seminar Median nerve injury
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This document summarizes a seminar on median nerve injury. It begins with an anatomy overview of peripheral nerves, brachial plexus, and the median nerve. It then discusses causes of median nerve injury including trauma, leprosy, poliomyelitis, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms and examination findings of median nerve injury and carpal tunnel syndrome are provided. The document concludes with an overview of nerve repair techniques including epineural repair, interfascicular repair, and nerve grafting.
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Median nerve injury
This document summarizes a seminar on median nerve injury. It begins with an anatomy overview of peripheral nerves, brachial plexus, and the median nerve. It then discusses causes of median nerve injury including trauma, leprosy, poliomyelitis, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms and examination findings of median nerve injury and carpal tunnel syndrome are provided. The document concludes with an overview of nerve repair techniques including epineural repair, interfascicular repair, and nerve grafting.
Median nerve injuries and mangement
This document provides an overview of median nerve injuries, including anatomy, types of injuries, clinical examination findings, and management principles. It describes the anatomy of the median nerve from its origins in the brachial plexus through the arm, forearm, and hand. It discusses high and low median nerve injuries. Key examination techniques are outlined, including tests for specific muscle function. Surgical management principles include nerve repair, decompression, and tendon transfers. Common compression neuropathies like carpal tunnel syndrome and pronator teres syndrome are also summarized, including their symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
Median nerve injuries
This document provides details on the anatomy, clinical examination, treatment, and tendon transfer procedures for median nerve injuries. It discusses:
1) The anatomy of the median nerve from its origin through the arm, forearm, wrist and hand.
2) Causes of median nerve injuries including trauma, leprosy, and neurological disorders.
3) Clinical signs of median nerve injuries including weakness of thumb opposition and flexion of the wrist.
4) Surgical techniques for median nerve repair and tendon transfers to restore thumb and hand function, including the Royle-Thompson and Burkhalter procedures.
Anatomy of median nerve
The median nerve originates from the brachial plexus and provides sensation and motor function to parts of the arm, forearm, and hand. It is susceptible to compression as it passes through the carpal tunnel at the wrist, which can cause carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms include pain, tingling, and numbness in the hand. Diagnosis involves physical exams like Tinel's sign and electrodiagnostic tests. Treatment begins with splinting and anti-inflammatories, while surgery may be needed for persistent or severe symptoms. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common entrapment neuropathy.
Median nerve injuries
This document discusses median nerve injuries, including locations where entrapment can occur such as the arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. It outlines associated motor effects such as paralysis of muscles supplied by the nerve and deformities. Sensory loss on the lateral palm and fingers is also described. Carpal tunnel syndrome and pronator syndrome are discussed as specific types of median nerve entrapment. Clinical features, physical exam maneuvers, diagnostics, differential diagnoses, and treatments including splinting, medications, injections, and surgery are summarized. Complications of surgery are also noted.
Median nerve injuries
This document discusses median nerve injuries, including:
- The anatomy and functions of the median nerve in the forearm and hand.
- Clinical assessment of median nerve function through specific muscle tests.
- Common median nerve compression syndromes like carpal tunnel syndrome.
- Classification of nerve injuries and management options for median nerve injuries.
Ulnar nerve injury PPT
The document provides information about ulnar nerve injury, including its course through the upper limb, branches and sensory/motor supply. Causes of injury include compression at sites like the elbow (cubital tunnel syndrome) and wrist (Guyon's canal syndrome). Signs and symptoms involve sensory loss and weakness of hand muscles. Clinical tests assess functions like pinching. Investigations include EMG, nerve conduction studies and imaging. Claw hand deformity can occur with severe ulnar nerve injury.
EXAMINATION OF MEDIAN NERVE FOR MBBS UNDERGRADUATES ORTHO
The document provides information about examining the median nerve, including:
- It describes examining muscles supplied by the median nerve like the flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus.
- Local examination involves inspection for signs like claw hand or ape thumb deformity, and palpation for signs like temperature, muscle wasting, and Tinel's sign which indicates nerve regeneration.
- Carpal tunnel syndrome is examined where the median nerve is compressed in the wrist tunnel, causing pain and weakness of the thenar muscles.
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Median nerve injury
This document summarizes a seminar on median nerve injury. It begins with an anatomy overview of peripheral nerves, brachial plexus, and the median nerve. It then discusses causes of median nerve injury including trauma, leprosy, poliomyelitis, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms and examination findings of median nerve injury and carpal tunnel syndrome are provided. The document concludes with an overview of nerve repair techniques including epineural repair, interfascicular repair, and nerve grafting.
Median nerve injuries and mangement
This document provides an overview of median nerve injuries, including anatomy, types of injuries, clinical examination findings, and management principles. It describes the anatomy of the median nerve from its origins in the brachial plexus through the arm, forearm, and hand. It discusses high and low median nerve injuries. Key examination techniques are outlined, including tests for specific muscle function. Surgical management principles include nerve repair, decompression, and tendon transfers. Common compression neuropathies like carpal tunnel syndrome and pronator teres syndrome are also summarized, including their symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
Median nerve injuries
This document provides details on the anatomy, clinical examination, treatment, and tendon transfer procedures for median nerve injuries. It discusses:
1) The anatomy of the median nerve from its origin through the arm, forearm, wrist and hand.
2) Causes of median nerve injuries including trauma, leprosy, and neurological disorders.
3) Clinical signs of median nerve injuries including weakness of thumb opposition and flexion of the wrist.
4) Surgical techniques for median nerve repair and tendon transfers to restore thumb and hand function, including the Royle-Thompson and Burkhalter procedures.
Anatomy of median nerve
The median nerve originates from the brachial plexus and provides sensation and motor function to parts of the arm, forearm, and hand. It is susceptible to compression as it passes through the carpal tunnel at the wrist, which can cause carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms include pain, tingling, and numbness in the hand. Diagnosis involves physical exams like Tinel's sign and electrodiagnostic tests. Treatment begins with splinting and anti-inflammatories, while surgery may be needed for persistent or severe symptoms. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common entrapment neuropathy.
Median nerve injuries
This document discusses median nerve injuries, including locations where entrapment can occur such as the arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. It outlines associated motor effects such as paralysis of muscles supplied by the nerve and deformities. Sensory loss on the lateral palm and fingers is also described. Carpal tunnel syndrome and pronator syndrome are discussed as specific types of median nerve entrapment. Clinical features, physical exam maneuvers, diagnostics, differential diagnoses, and treatments including splinting, medications, injections, and surgery are summarized. Complications of surgery are also noted.
Median nerve injuries
This document discusses median nerve injuries, including:
- The anatomy and functions of the median nerve in the forearm and hand.
- Clinical assessment of median nerve function through specific muscle tests.
- Common median nerve compression syndromes like carpal tunnel syndrome.
- Classification of nerve injuries and management options for median nerve injuries.
Ulnar nerve injury PPT
The document provides information about ulnar nerve injury, including its course through the upper limb, branches and sensory/motor supply. Causes of injury include compression at sites like the elbow (cubital tunnel syndrome) and wrist (Guyon's canal syndrome). Signs and symptoms involve sensory loss and weakness of hand muscles. Clinical tests assess functions like pinching. Investigations include EMG, nerve conduction studies and imaging. Claw hand deformity can occur with severe ulnar nerve injury.
EXAMINATION OF MEDIAN NERVE FOR MBBS UNDERGRADUATES ORTHO
The document provides information about examining the median nerve, including:
- It describes examining muscles supplied by the median nerve like the flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus.
- Local examination involves inspection for signs like claw hand or ape thumb deformity, and palpation for signs like temperature, muscle wasting, and Tinel's sign which indicates nerve regeneration.
- Carpal tunnel syndrome is examined where the median nerve is compressed in the wrist tunnel, causing pain and weakness of the thenar muscles.
Median nerve
The median nerve is a mixed nerve that arises from the brachial plexus and innervates parts of the arm, forearm, and hand. It is susceptible to compression injuries at the carpal tunnel in the wrist (carpal tunnel syndrome) and between the heads of the pronator teres muscle in the elbow (pronator syndrome). Carpal tunnel syndrome commonly causes pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and can lead to muscle atrophy if not treated. Non-surgical treatments include splinting and injections while surgical decompression of the carpal tunnel is also an option.
Applied anatomy median nerve injury
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to nerve injuries.
The anatomy of deformity, weakness and sensory loss following the nerve injury.
The applied anatomy of clinical examination for specific nerves.
Surgical anatomy of treating nerve injuries.
Median nerve injuries
This document discusses the anatomy and clinical evaluation of median nerve injuries as well as various management strategies. It describes the anatomy of the median nerve and its branches that innervate different muscle groups in the arm and hand. Clinical presentations of high and low median nerve palsies are outlined. Surgical techniques for restoring function are proposed, including nerve transfers to regain opposition, sensation, flexion and pronation. Tendon transfers are also mentioned to help with opposition and finger flexion.
Ulnar nerve injuries
The ulnar nerve arises from the brachial plexus and supplies sensation to the palmar side of the hand and medial 1.5 fingers as well as muscles in the forearm and hand. It is most commonly injured at the elbow or wrist, which can cause sensory loss, muscle weakness or wasting, and deformities like claw hand. Surgical exploration and repair or nerve transposition are often used to treat ulnar nerve injuries.
Ulnar nerve injury
This document discusses the anatomy, course, innervation and clinical presentation of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow, known as cubital tunnel syndrome. It describes the ulnar nerve's origin, pathway through the arm and cubital tunnel, and motor and sensory innervation. Key signs of cubital tunnel syndrome include numbness in ring and small fingers, weakness of intrinsic hand muscles, and positive provocation tests localizing compression at the elbow. Electrodiagnostic studies help diagnose neuropathy. Treatment aims to decompress the ulnar nerve at the elbow.
Ulnar nerve seminar
The ulnar nerve provides motor innervation to muscles in the hand and sensory innervation to the little and half of the ring finger. It travels through the cubital tunnel in the elbow and Guyon's canal in the wrist. Ulnar nerve injuries can result in clawing of the fingers. Clinical assessment involves tests like Froment's sign and Wartenberg's sign to evaluate specific muscle functions. Management includes nerve grafting or tendon transfers to correct deformities from long-standing palsy.
Median nerve injury
The median nerve originates from the brachial plexus and innervates muscles in the forearm, hand, and fingers. It passes through the cubital fossa in the arm and enters the forearm between the two heads of the pronator teres muscle. In the forearm and hand, it gives off branches that innervate muscles and skin. Common conditions that affect the median nerve include carpal tunnel syndrome, anterior interosseous nerve syndrome, and pronator syndrome. Carpal tunnel syndrome results from compression of the median nerve in the wrist and causes pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand.
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Wrist drop
The radial nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the forearm and hand. Damage to the radial nerve causes wrist drop where the patient is unable to extend the wrist and fingers, impairing grasping. Symptoms include pain, numbness, weakness of hand grip and drooping of the wrist and fingers. Diagnosis involves assessing range of motion, imaging tests and electrodiagnostic tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications, injections, bracing and physical therapy.
orthopedics.Radial nerve.(dr.baxtiar rasul)
The document discusses three peripheral nerves - the radial, median, and ulnar nerve. It describes the muscles each nerve supplies, common causes of injury, associated signs and symptoms, and typical treatment approaches for injuries. Radial nerve injuries can result in wrist drop and loss of thumb movement. Median nerve injuries cause weakness of wrist and finger flexion. Ulnar nerve injuries lead to weakness of small muscles in the hand and clawing of the fingers. Treatment may involve repair, grafting, or tendon transfers depending on the severity of injury.
Median nerve injury
The document discusses the anatomy, injury sites, clinical features, and assessment techniques for median nerve injuries, including describing the median nerve's motor and sensory innervation, common causes and locations of injury, signs of high versus low lesions, and how to test specific muscles and sensory regions innervated by the median nerve.
RADIAL NERVE PALSY AND TENDON TRANSFER
This document discusses radial nerve palsy and tendon transfers to restore function after radial nerve injury. It begins by describing the anatomy and functions of the radial nerve. Radial nerve palsy results in loss of wrist, finger, and thumb extension. Tendon transfers can restore this function, such as using the palmaris longus tendon to restore thumb extension via transfer to the extensor pollicis longus. Post-operative rehabilitation focuses on protecting the tendon transfers during early mobilization and strengthening exercises.
Median nerve palsy
The median nerve originates from the brachial plexus and innervates muscles in the forearm, wrist, and hand. It can be injured through trauma, compression syndromes like carpal tunnel syndrome, or tumors. Median nerve palsy is evaluated through history, physical exam including individual muscle testing and sensory exam, and electrodiagnostic studies. Management depends on the level and severity of injury and may include nerve repair, nerve grafting, tendon transfers, or nerve transfers to restore function over time. Prognosis depends on factors like the type and level of injury, age of the patient, and timing of treatment.
Radial nerve palsy
The radial nerve is the largest terminal branch of the posterior cord. It arises from spinal cord segments C5-T1 and innervates all muscles in the posterior arm and forearm compartment as well as skin on the posterior arm and forearm. In the arm, it passes between the triceps muscles before entering the spiral groove on the humerus. It continues down the humerus, piercing the lateral intermuscular septum and supplying muscles of the anterior arm. In the forearm, it divides into superficial and deep branches, with the deep branch becoming the posterior interosseous nerve. Radial nerve injuries are commonly caused by fractures of the humerus. Nonoperative treatment focuses on preventing contract
Clinical testing ulnar nerve
The ulnar nerve is a mixed nerve that supplies muscles in the hand and provides sensory innervation. It can be compressed or injured at several points along its path - in the arm above the elbow, at the elbow in the cubital tunnel, in the forearm, at the wrist, or in the hand. Common symptoms of ulnar nerve injury include clawing of the fingers, weakness of finger abduction and adduction, and sensory loss. The site of injury determines which specific muscles are affected. Cubital tunnel syndrome is the most common type of ulnar nerve injury, caused by compression at the elbow.
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4th year medical student's seminar presentation under supervision of orthopedic lecturer. Reference is from Dr. Sameh Doss Textbook of upper and lower limb, and also other multiple websites.
Radial nerve
The radial nerve anatomy and injuries document describes the anatomy and treatment of radial nerve injuries. It summarizes that the radial nerve provides motor innervation to key muscles for wrist, finger, and thumb extension. For severe radial nerve injuries, early tendon transfers can restore lost functions like wrist extension, while allowing for potential nerve recovery. The principles of tendon transfers include preventing contractures, ensuring adequate strength transfer with a straight line of pull and synergistic functions. Common procedures described include transferring the palmaris longus tendon to the extensor pollicis longus and flexor carpi ulnaris to the extensor digitorum communis.
Radial nerve palsy clinical features and diagnosis
1) The radial nerve is a mixed nerve that arises from the brachial plexus and provides motor innervation to muscles in the posterior arm and extensor compartment of the forearm as well as sensory innervation to the posterior arm and dorsal hand.
2) Radial nerve palsy presents with weakness of wrist and finger extension as well as loss of sensation over the dorsal hand; compression of the radial nerve can occur at various locations along its course.
3) Diagnosis involves detailed neurological examination to localize the site of injury and determine the functional deficit as well as electrodiagnostic testing to confirm the diagnosis.
Anatomy of radial nerve and wrist drop
The radial nerve originates from the brachial plexus and supplies the posterior compartment of the upper limb. It is susceptible to injury which can result in wrist drop. Non-operative treatment involves splinting while surgery may involve nerve repair, neurolysis or tendon transfers to restore function. Post-operative rehabilitation focuses on protecting tendon transfers while regaining range of motion.
Radial nerve anatomy and injuries
The radial nerve provides motor innervation and sensory innervation to parts of the arm and forearm. Radial nerve injuries can occur due to fractures, lacerations, or compression neuropathies. Treatment depends on the level and severity of injury, and may involve nerve repair/grafting, tendon transfers, or splinting. Common tendon transfers include the palmaris longus to extensor pollicis longus, flexor carpi ulnaris to extensor digitorum communis, and pronator teres to extensor carpi radialis brevis. Postoperative splinting and rehabilitation are important after surgical treatment of radial nerve injuries.
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Radial nerve palsy
The document provides information about the radial nerve including its anatomy, course, branches and clinical presentations of radial nerve palsies. It discusses the radial nerve's origin from the brachial plexus and branches in the arm and forearm. Common causes of radial nerve palsy include fractures and entrapment in the radial tunnel. Clinical features, investigations, treatment including splinting and tendon transfers, and postoperative management are outlined. Surgical techniques for nerve repair and reconstructive procedures are also described.
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Median nerve
The median nerve is a mixed nerve that arises from the brachial plexus and innervates parts of the arm, forearm, and hand. It is susceptible to compression injuries at the carpal tunnel in the wrist (carpal tunnel syndrome) and between the heads of the pronator teres muscle in the elbow (pronator syndrome). Carpal tunnel syndrome commonly causes pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and can lead to muscle atrophy if not treated. Non-surgical treatments include splinting and injections while surgical decompression of the carpal tunnel is also an option.
Applied anatomy median nerve injury
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to nerve injuries.
The anatomy of deformity, weakness and sensory loss following the nerve injury.
The applied anatomy of clinical examination for specific nerves.
Surgical anatomy of treating nerve injuries.
Median nerve injuries
This document discusses the anatomy and clinical evaluation of median nerve injuries as well as various management strategies. It describes the anatomy of the median nerve and its branches that innervate different muscle groups in the arm and hand. Clinical presentations of high and low median nerve palsies are outlined. Surgical techniques for restoring function are proposed, including nerve transfers to regain opposition, sensation, flexion and pronation. Tendon transfers are also mentioned to help with opposition and finger flexion.
Ulnar nerve injuries
The ulnar nerve arises from the brachial plexus and supplies sensation to the palmar side of the hand and medial 1.5 fingers as well as muscles in the forearm and hand. It is most commonly injured at the elbow or wrist, which can cause sensory loss, muscle weakness or wasting, and deformities like claw hand. Surgical exploration and repair or nerve transposition are often used to treat ulnar nerve injuries.
Ulnar nerve injury
This document discusses the anatomy, course, innervation and clinical presentation of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow, known as cubital tunnel syndrome. It describes the ulnar nerve's origin, pathway through the arm and cubital tunnel, and motor and sensory innervation. Key signs of cubital tunnel syndrome include numbness in ring and small fingers, weakness of intrinsic hand muscles, and positive provocation tests localizing compression at the elbow. Electrodiagnostic studies help diagnose neuropathy. Treatment aims to decompress the ulnar nerve at the elbow.
Ulnar nerve seminar
The ulnar nerve provides motor innervation to muscles in the hand and sensory innervation to the little and half of the ring finger. It travels through the cubital tunnel in the elbow and Guyon's canal in the wrist. Ulnar nerve injuries can result in clawing of the fingers. Clinical assessment involves tests like Froment's sign and Wartenberg's sign to evaluate specific muscle functions. Management includes nerve grafting or tendon transfers to correct deformities from long-standing palsy.
Median nerve injury
The median nerve originates from the brachial plexus and innervates muscles in the forearm, hand, and fingers. It passes through the cubital fossa in the arm and enters the forearm between the two heads of the pronator teres muscle. In the forearm and hand, it gives off branches that innervate muscles and skin. Common conditions that affect the median nerve include carpal tunnel syndrome, anterior interosseous nerve syndrome, and pronator syndrome. Carpal tunnel syndrome results from compression of the median nerve in the wrist and causes pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand.
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The radial nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the forearm and hand. Damage to the radial nerve causes wrist drop where the patient is unable to extend the wrist and fingers, impairing grasping. Symptoms include pain, numbness, weakness of hand grip and drooping of the wrist and fingers. Diagnosis involves assessing range of motion, imaging tests and electrodiagnostic tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications, injections, bracing and physical therapy.
orthopedics.Radial nerve.(dr.baxtiar rasul)
The document discusses three peripheral nerves - the radial, median, and ulnar nerve. It describes the muscles each nerve supplies, common causes of injury, associated signs and symptoms, and typical treatment approaches for injuries. Radial nerve injuries can result in wrist drop and loss of thumb movement. Median nerve injuries cause weakness of wrist and finger flexion. Ulnar nerve injuries lead to weakness of small muscles in the hand and clawing of the fingers. Treatment may involve repair, grafting, or tendon transfers depending on the severity of injury.
Median nerve injury
The document discusses the anatomy, injury sites, clinical features, and assessment techniques for median nerve injuries, including describing the median nerve's motor and sensory innervation, common causes and locations of injury, signs of high versus low lesions, and how to test specific muscles and sensory regions innervated by the median nerve.
RADIAL NERVE PALSY AND TENDON TRANSFER
This document discusses radial nerve palsy and tendon transfers to restore function after radial nerve injury. It begins by describing the anatomy and functions of the radial nerve. Radial nerve palsy results in loss of wrist, finger, and thumb extension. Tendon transfers can restore this function, such as using the palmaris longus tendon to restore thumb extension via transfer to the extensor pollicis longus. Post-operative rehabilitation focuses on protecting the tendon transfers during early mobilization and strengthening exercises.
Median nerve palsy
The median nerve originates from the brachial plexus and innervates muscles in the forearm, wrist, and hand. It can be injured through trauma, compression syndromes like carpal tunnel syndrome, or tumors. Median nerve palsy is evaluated through history, physical exam including individual muscle testing and sensory exam, and electrodiagnostic studies. Management depends on the level and severity of injury and may include nerve repair, nerve grafting, tendon transfers, or nerve transfers to restore function over time. Prognosis depends on factors like the type and level of injury, age of the patient, and timing of treatment.
Radial nerve palsy
The radial nerve is the largest terminal branch of the posterior cord. It arises from spinal cord segments C5-T1 and innervates all muscles in the posterior arm and forearm compartment as well as skin on the posterior arm and forearm. In the arm, it passes between the triceps muscles before entering the spiral groove on the humerus. It continues down the humerus, piercing the lateral intermuscular septum and supplying muscles of the anterior arm. In the forearm, it divides into superficial and deep branches, with the deep branch becoming the posterior interosseous nerve. Radial nerve injuries are commonly caused by fractures of the humerus. Nonoperative treatment focuses on preventing contract
Clinical testing ulnar nerve
The ulnar nerve is a mixed nerve that supplies muscles in the hand and provides sensory innervation. It can be compressed or injured at several points along its path - in the arm above the elbow, at the elbow in the cubital tunnel, in the forearm, at the wrist, or in the hand. Common symptoms of ulnar nerve injury include clawing of the fingers, weakness of finger abduction and adduction, and sensory loss. The site of injury determines which specific muscles are affected. Cubital tunnel syndrome is the most common type of ulnar nerve injury, caused by compression at the elbow.
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4th year medical student's seminar presentation under supervision of orthopedic lecturer. Reference is from Dr. Sameh Doss Textbook of upper and lower limb, and also other multiple websites.
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The radial nerve anatomy and injuries document describes the anatomy and treatment of radial nerve injuries. It summarizes that the radial nerve provides motor innervation to key muscles for wrist, finger, and thumb extension. For severe radial nerve injuries, early tendon transfers can restore lost functions like wrist extension, while allowing for potential nerve recovery. The principles of tendon transfers include preventing contractures, ensuring adequate strength transfer with a straight line of pull and synergistic functions. Common procedures described include transferring the palmaris longus tendon to the extensor pollicis longus and flexor carpi ulnaris to the extensor digitorum communis.
Radial nerve palsy clinical features and diagnosis
1) The radial nerve is a mixed nerve that arises from the brachial plexus and provides motor innervation to muscles in the posterior arm and extensor compartment of the forearm as well as sensory innervation to the posterior arm and dorsal hand.
2) Radial nerve palsy presents with weakness of wrist and finger extension as well as loss of sensation over the dorsal hand; compression of the radial nerve can occur at various locations along its course.
3) Diagnosis involves detailed neurological examination to localize the site of injury and determine the functional deficit as well as electrodiagnostic testing to confirm the diagnosis.
Anatomy of radial nerve and wrist drop
The radial nerve originates from the brachial plexus and supplies the posterior compartment of the upper limb. It is susceptible to injury which can result in wrist drop. Non-operative treatment involves splinting while surgery may involve nerve repair, neurolysis or tendon transfers to restore function. Post-operative rehabilitation focuses on protecting tendon transfers while regaining range of motion.
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Radial nerve anatomy and injuries
The radial nerve provides motor innervation and sensory innervation to parts of the arm and forearm. Radial nerve injuries can occur due to fractures, lacerations, or compression neuropathies. Treatment depends on the level and severity of injury, and may involve nerve repair/grafting, tendon transfers, or splinting. Common tendon transfers include the palmaris longus to extensor pollicis longus, flexor carpi ulnaris to extensor digitorum communis, and pronator teres to extensor carpi radialis brevis. Postoperative splinting and rehabilitation are important after surgical treatment of radial nerve injuries.
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2) The etiology, mechanisms, and classifications of brachial plexus injuries according to Seddon and Sunderland are summarized.
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Carpal tunnel syndrome results from median nerve compression in the carpal tunnel of the wrist. It is caused by narrowing of the tunnel or swelling of its contents. Symptoms include numbness, tingling and pain in the hand and fingers. Conservative treatments include splinting and steroid injections while surgery involves cutting the transverse carpal ligament to relieve pressure on the median nerve. Recurrence after surgery can occur due to incomplete release, scarring or persistent swelling.
PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY.pptx
Peripheral nerve injuries can occur due to stretching, compression, or laceration of nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord. These injuries are commonly caused by trauma or fractures and can result in numbness, weakness, or paralysis depending on the specific nerve affected. Peripheral nerve injuries are often classified by severity and investigated using electromyography and nerve conduction studies. Treatment may involve splinting, rehabilitation, or surgical repair depending on the nature of the injury. Common specific nerve injuries include brachial plexus injuries, median and ulnar nerve injuries, and injuries to the radial, femoral, and sciatic nerves.
Periphral nerve injury
Peripheral nerve damage affecting the upper extremities can vary widely in cause and extent.
Many disorders, ranging from mild carpal tunnel syndrome to severe brachial plexopathy, need to be considered in a patient presenting with pain, sensory loss, or weakness involving the shoulder, arm, or hand.
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The document discusses brachial plexus block techniques and reviews relevant anatomy, history, approaches, and complications. It provides an overview of the brachial plexus anatomy and different block techniques like interscalene, supraclavicular, infraclavicular, and axillary blocks. Complications discussed include nerve injuries from mechanical trauma, ischemia, or chemical toxicity from local anesthetics. Proper technique and drug administration are important to minimize risks.
Entrapment syndromes
these are the various entrapment syndromes we come across in orthopaedics. starting with general information of all entrapments
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel of the wrist. Symptoms include numbness, tingling, and pain in the hand and fingers. CTS is often caused by repetitive wrist motions that increase pressure in the carpal tunnel. Treatment includes splinting the wrist at night, exercises to improve flexibility, manual therapy to reduce pressure on the median nerve, and electroacupuncture. Studies show electroacupuncture combined with night splinting provides better relief of symptoms than splinting alone. Performing flexibility and nerve gliding exercises in a supine position may further reduce pressure and symptoms compared to other positions. Fascial manipulation techniques targeting specific
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seminar Median nerve injury
- 1. Seminar on Median nerve injury Presenter : Biswajit Deka
- 2. Anatomy of a peripheral nerve
- 3. Brachial plexus Anterior rami of C5,6,7,8, & T1 (+C4 & T2) It consists of roots, trunks, divisions, cords & branches The roots & trunks- lie in the neck Divisions - behind the clavicle Cords & branches - axilla Cords end up by giving off their terminal branches at the lower border of the pectorals minor
- 8. Injury to median nerve Trauma Leprosy Poliomyelitis Carpel tunnel syndrome
- 9. Motor paralysis of 1. The pronators 2. The radial flexors of wrist 3. Flexors of all proximal interphalangeal joints 4. Flexors of terminal joints of thumb , index & middle finger 5. Flexors of 1st & 2nd MCP joints (+ flexor policies brevis) 6. Abductor & opponens pollicis
- 10. Sensory loss 1. C6 &C7 - vital sensory post. Nerve roots of median nerve 2. Deep pressure pain is lost in above muscles 3. Joint sense lost in IP joints of index,& last joints of thumb & middle fingers 4. Cutaneous loss- the loss of sensation over the thumb & index finger renders the hand virtually useless in fine movements - buttoning a coat….so median nerve is aka EYE OF THE HAND 5. Trophic changes are prominent because the median N carries most of the sympathetic nerve supply of the hand.
- 13. Carpal tunnel syndrome 1. Size & shape of the tunnel itself 2. Oedema (pregnancy) 3. synovial swelling (RA) 4. Bony encroachment (OA / injury) 5. Myxoedema
- 14. Symptoms painful paraesthesia & numbness of radial three & half digit Wakes the patient up at night - tissue fluid accumulation in the absence of forearm muscle pump action with the arm at rest Motor - inability to perform fine movements & clumsiness follow later.
- 15. Examination Wasting of thenar eminence Hypoaesthesis to light touch & pinprick (however the skin over the thenar eminence is not affected, as it is supplies by the palmer cutaneous branch of median nerve which arise proximal tp carpal tunnel)
- 16. The most reliable clinical diagnostic test of carpal tunnel compression involves inflation of a sphygmomanometer cuff around the arm to a point above systolic pressure. This reproduces patient’s symptoms within 1 min , presumably as a result of ischaemia superimposed on an irritable nerve. Electrical conductivity tests confirms the diagnosis & should be performed prior to surgery Normal conduction velocity of motor fibre : 50 m/s <40 m/s : suspicious <30 m/s :diagnostic
- 17. Nerve repair 1. EPINEURAL REPAIR: alignment of the proximal and distal ends of the nerve is ensured by inspection of the pattern of longitudinally running blood vessels in the epineurium and the fascicular pattern of each cut surface. The epineurium is coated with fine non absorbable sutures, maintaining the alignment 2.INTERFASCICULAR REPAIR: using the operating microscope ,the epinurium is trimmed away from the cut surface , exposing the fasciculi. The fascicular pattern of proximal and distal ends are matched & oriented in terms of rotation & appropriate fascicule coated by sutures
- 18. Passing through the perinurium. Microsurgeons consider this to be the treatment of choice for cleanly incised fresh nerve injuries within loss of nerve substance. 3. NERVE GRAFTING: required when primary nerve repair cannot be performed without tension because there has been a considerable loss of nerve substance. The mc nerve used is SURAL NERVE
- 19. THANK YOU