different types of instructional material use in teaching and learning

1. SEMINAR
ON
INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS
TYPES, SELECTION
&
UTILIZATION
PREPARATION

2. INTRODUCTION
 – Audio – visual material must be seen in
their relationship to teaching as a whole and
to the learning process as a whole until
teacher understands the relationship
between audio visual material and teaching
learning process, he cannot be expected to
make intelligent or fruitful use of the
techniques, which offer so much assistance
day today activities of teachers

3.  Audio visual aids ‘audio visual materials’
audio visual media, communication
technology’, educational or instructional
media and learning resources ‘educational
technology’, and ‘instructional technology’
and broadly meant the same.

4. MEANING OF AUDIO
VISUAL AIDS
 – The sensory objects or images which initiates
or stimulate and reinforce learning. Helps the
process of learning i.e. motivation, classification
and stimulation audio visual aids are multisensory
materials which motivates, classifies and stimulates
the individuals. It makes dynamic learning
experience more concrete, realistic and clarity,
establish co –relate and coordinate accurate
concepts interpretations and appreciation and
enables him to make learning effective interesting
inspirational.

5. DEFINITION-
 An audio visual aid is an instructional
device in which the message can heard as
well as seen
 Audio visual aids are those sensory
objects or images which initiate or
stimulate and reinforce learning.

6.  Audio visual aids are those aids which
help in completing the triangular process
of learning i.e. motivation, classification
and stimulation. (CarterV Good).

7. CONCEPT OF AUDIO –VISUAL
AIDS
 Audio visual aids are sensitive tools used in teaching and
avenues for learning.Those are planned educational
materials that appeal to the sense of the people and
quickness learning facilitates for clear understating.
 Audio visual aids enhances of the subject being learned
or thought clarity in communication.
 Provides diversity in method.
 Increases the forcefulness of the subject being learned
or taught.

8. IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATIONAL
COMMUNICATION MEDIA OR AUDIOVISUAL AIDS –
 Improve and make teaching effective
 Enable the audience to look, listen and
learn.
 Make learning interesting and profitable.
 Quicken the phase of learning
 Faster/develop the knowledge

9.  Add variety and newness to the lesion. Provide
vicarious experience.
 Bring expected behavioral changes among the
learners.
 Provide a bases for more effective perceptual
and conceptual learning
 The student acquires clear, accurate and vivid
image during the process of learning
 Increase and sustain attention and concentration.

10.  Make personal involvement of the student in active
learning and meet individual needs of the learners.
 It can serve as an open window through which the
student can view the world and its phenomena by
bringing remote events into the classroom.
 Provision of active participation of the students and
vicarious experiences encourage healthy interaction for
the effective realization not teaching learning objective.
 Facilities and advance the process of applying what is
learned to realistic performance and to the life
situation.

11.  Facilitate freedom among learners, increases
retention as they stimulate response of whole
organization to the situation in which learning
takes place.
 They direct. Dramatize the experiences.
 They enable the students to learn faster,
remember for longer duration, gain more
accurate information, understand the concepts
which adequate meaning.Thus learning becomes
more meaningful, enjoyable and effective.

12.  They give variety to classroom techniques
provide change in the atmosphere of the
classroom, and allow some freedom from the
formal instructions or traditional type.
 Spread of education as mars scales – it will
provide opportunity for promoting adult
education.
 Increase the concreteness, clarity, effectiveness
of the ideas and skills being transferred.

13.  Impress the ideas more clear in the mind.
 Stimulate thinking and motivate action.
 Save time and energy.
 Change attitude or point of view of learners.
 Stimulate self activating on the part of the
learner by which it offers reality of experience.

14. DRAWBACK IN USING AUDIOVISUAL AIDS –
 These are not essential for all instructional
programmes.
 These are helpful for teaching but they will not
substitute teachers and books.
 It requires more time for planning and preparing.
 Tempts the teachers to narrow down the subject.
 Audio visual aids are not ends, but means.

15. CLASSIFICATION OF AUDIOVISUAL AIDS –
Auditory aids equation recordings, mike phonograms
megaphone, microphone, gramophone.
2. Visual aids
(a). Non – Projected / unprotected e. q. (models) 3-D
materials, pictures, chants, flannel graphs, boards,
cartoons, maps, photographs, flashcards illustrations,
posters, printed materials.
(b). Projected aids e. g. epidiascopes, slide, projector,
piqué, projector.

16. 3.AudioVisual aids e.g. television, video,
sound motion pictures.
4.Aid through activity e.g. field trips, model,
collection of material and exhibition.
5 Traditional media e.g. puppets, dramas,
folksongs and folkdance.

17.  1 –Visual aids
(a) Projected aids e.g. films, filmstrips opaque projector
overhead projector slide projector
 (b) Non Projected aids
A – graphic aids e.g. cartoons, charts comics, diagrams,
flash cards, graphs, charts, maps photographs, pictures,
posters, printed materials, flip books, illustrated books.
B – Display boards, e.g. blackboard, bulletin board, flannel
board, magnetic board PEG BOARD.
C – 3-D aids, e.g. diagrams models mockups, objects,
puppets, specimen, and exhibit.

18. CONT….
 Big media e.g. computerVCR and TV little
median e.g. radio filmstrips graphic, audio
cassettes other visuals.

19. CHARACTERISTIC OF GOOD
TEACHING AIDS –
 Meaningful
 Purposeful
 Accurate in every aspect.
 Simple
 Cheap
 Improvised
 Large size
 Up to date
 Easily portable
 According to mental level of the students.
 Motivates the learners.

20. TYPES OF AUDIOVISUAL AIDS –
Projected
 OHP
 Slides
 Film strips
 LCD
 Projector
 Elmo
 Audio video conferencing projector

21. CONT….
Non Projected
 Books
 Journals
 Instructional manuals
 Handfuls
 Charts (or graphs)
 Flip charts
 Models
 Pupates
 Flannels boards

22. CONT….
Electronic
 Computers
 Internet
 Simulation activities
 Record player
 TV

23. Sources of audio – visual aids
 Educational institutions
 Professional organization.
 Non government organization
 National international voluntary
organizations.
 Commercial producers of educational
material.

24. Use of audio visual aids (utilization)
 Audio visual materials should function as an
integral part of the educational programme.
 Audio visual aids should be centralized under
specialized direction and leadership in
educational programme.
 An advisory committee should be appointed
to asset in the selection and coordination of
audio visual material

25.  Audio visual educational programme should be flexible.
 Instructors have to help the students how to use audio
visual aids.
 Budget appropriations should be made regularly for the
audio visual educational programme.
 Legal aspects should be considered in the production
and the utilization of educational communication media.
 Audio visual aids should suit.

26. PRINCIPLE OF SELECTION
 The teaching objective.
 Unique characteristics of the special group of learn.
 The age level.
 Grade level etc.
 Specific educational value and stimulate interest and motivation.
 True representatives of the real things.
 Help in the realization of desires, learning objective.

27. SELECTION OF AUDIOVISUAL
AIDS –
 Audio visual aids will be used either single
or in combination depend upon.
 (a).The objective of training programme
the teaching objective i.e. the type of
behavior change you want to bring in
learner or to change the attitudes of the
learner or to gain certain skills.

28. (b).The nature of subject matters being taught.
 Number e.g. small group flash card large
group movie
 Age
 Educational level
 Socio economic status
 Interest
 Experience
 Knowledge of the subject
 Intelligence levels.

29. CRITERIA FOR SELECTING
AUDIOVISUAL AID
 The teacher has to put the following
question to his mind before selecting and
audio visual aid for teaching activity:
 Do the materials give a true picture of the
idea they present?
 Do they contribute meaningful content to
the topic under study?

30.  Is the martial appropriate for learners? (age,
intelligence and experience).
 Is the physical condition of the materials
satisfactory?
 Do they make learners better thinkers with a
critical mind.
 Do they lend to improve human relations?
 Is the materials worth with the time and efforts
involved?

31. PRINCIPLE OF PREPARATION –
 Locally available material.
 Students should be associated in
preparation of audio visual aids.

32. PREPARATION OF AUDIO
VISUAL AIDS –
 Select a convenient and comfortable
meeting place seating arrangements must
be suited to the specific purpose.
 Anticipating the need for special effects
either total lighting or darkness, prepared
to provide either at the right time.

33.  Make sure that all equipments are in good
working order, before starting the meeting.
 Prepare by rehearsing or previewing in order
to make a smooth presentation.
 Arrange the audio visual aids in sequence and
have them within easy reach.
 Keep aids out of sight until actually required
for use.

34. CONCLUSION-
 There are various method of instructional
aids used in various fields. Especially in
nursing professional it is very effective
method to get good achievement and
output from learners.

35. BIBLIOGRAPHY –
 Neerja KP Text book of nursing education
space publisher IInd edition page no 206
– 228
 Batavian Thapa BT Nursing education
Jaypee publisher IInd edition page no 587
– 537
 http/www.nchirlm.nih.gov/pmcl/articles
 httplssite.havrand.edu/FS/html/icy-types

36. THANKYOU
FORYOUR
KIND
ATTENTION