The slides show what is linked data and how we experiment with linked data in the area of legislative documents (in Czech Republic).
Download the slides for detailed embedded comments.
Usage of Linked Data: Introduction and Application ScenariosEUCLID project
This presentation introduces the main principles of Linked Data, the underlying technologies and background standards. It provides basic knowledge for how data can be published over the Web, how it can be queried, and what are the possible use cases and benefits. As an example, we use the development of a music portal (based on the MusicBrainz dataset), which facilitates access to a wide range of information and multimedia resources relating to music.
The Semantic Web is a vision of information that is understandable by computers. Although there is great exploitable potential, we are still in "Generation Zero'' of the Semantic Web, since there are few real-world compelling applications. The heterogeneity, the volume of data and the lack of standards are problems that could be addressed through some nature inspired methods. The paper presents the most important aspects of the Semantic Web, as well as its biggest issues; it then describes some methods inspired from nature - genetic algorithms, artificial neural networks, swarm intelligence, and the way these techniques can be used to deal with Semantic Web problems.
The slides show what is linked data and how we experiment with linked data in the area of legislative documents (in Czech Republic).
Download the slides for detailed embedded comments.
Usage of Linked Data: Introduction and Application ScenariosEUCLID project
This presentation introduces the main principles of Linked Data, the underlying technologies and background standards. It provides basic knowledge for how data can be published over the Web, how it can be queried, and what are the possible use cases and benefits. As an example, we use the development of a music portal (based on the MusicBrainz dataset), which facilitates access to a wide range of information and multimedia resources relating to music.
The Semantic Web is a vision of information that is understandable by computers. Although there is great exploitable potential, we are still in "Generation Zero'' of the Semantic Web, since there are few real-world compelling applications. The heterogeneity, the volume of data and the lack of standards are problems that could be addressed through some nature inspired methods. The paper presents the most important aspects of the Semantic Web, as well as its biggest issues; it then describes some methods inspired from nature - genetic algorithms, artificial neural networks, swarm intelligence, and the way these techniques can be used to deal with Semantic Web problems.
This presentation by Shana McDanold of Georgetown University was presented during the NISO Virtual Conference, BIBFRAME & Real World Applications of Linked Bibliographic Data, held on June 15, 2016
It19 20140721 linked data personal perspectiveJanifer Gatenby
A presentation made for Standards Australia's seminar. Outlines the basic aspects of linked data from a personal perspective and where it fits with direct and subject searching.
This paper describes the importance of a performant presentation tier. It presents the easiest way of optimizing the client-side code, providing source code examples for good practices. It then shows the correct approach to using CSS and HTML and the impact it has on the website response time. The Ajax technology is briefly described, emphasizing the role of JavaScript and presenting methods for improving its performance. In the end, some popular tools for monitoring and testing web applications are introduced.
Libraries around the world have a long tradition of maintaining authority files to assure the consistent presentation and indexing of names. As library authority files have become available online, the authority data has become accessible -- and many have been published as Linked Open Data (LOD) -- but names in one library authority file typically had no link to corresponding records for persons and organizations in other library authority files. After a successful experiment in matching the Library of Congress/NACO authority file with the German National Library's authority file, an online system called the Virtual International Authority File was developed to facilitate sharing by ingesting, matching, and displaying the relations between records in multiple authority files.
The Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) has grown from three source files in 2007 to more than two dozen files today. The system harvests authority records, enhances them with bibliographic information and brings them together into clusters when it is confident the records describe the same identity. Although the most visible part of VIAF is a HTML interface, the API beneath it supports a linked data view of VIAF with URIs representing the identities themselves, not just URIs for the clusters. It supports names for person, corporations, geographic entities, works, and expressions. With English, French, German, Spanish interfaces (and a Japanese in process), the system is used around the world, with over a million queries per day.
Speaker
Thomas Hickey is Chief Scientist at OCLC where he helped found OCLC Research. Current interests include metadata creation and editing systems, authority control, parallel systems for bibliographic processing, and information retrieval and display. In addition to implementing VIAF, his group looks into exploring Web access to metadata, identification of FRBR works and expressions in WorldCat, the algorithmic creation of authorities, and the characterization of collections. He has an undergraduate degree in Physics and a Ph.D. in Library and Information Science.
Semantic - Based Querying Using Ontology in Relational Database of Library Ma...dannyijwest
The traditional Web stores huge amount of data in the form of Relational Databases (RDB) as it is good at
storing objects and relationships between them. Relational Databases are dynamic in nature which allows
bringing tables together helping user to search for related material across multiple tables. RDB are
scalable to expand as the data grows. The RDB uses a Structured Query Language called SQL to access
the databases for several data retrieval purposes. As the world is moving today from the Syntactic form to
Semantic form and the Web is also taking its new form of Semantic Web. The Structured Query of the RDB
on web can be a Semantic Query on Semantic Web.
A Semantic Data Model for Web ApplicationsArmin Haller
This presentation gives a short overview of the Semantic Web, RDFa and Linked Data. The second part briefly discusses ActiveRaUL, our model and system for developing form-based Web applications using Semantic Web technologies.
This presentation gives details on technologies and approaches towards exploiting Linked Data by building LD applications. In particular, it gives an overview of popular existing applications and introduces the main technologies that support implementation and development. Furthermore, it illustrates how data exposed through common Web APIs can be integrated with Linked Data in order to create mashups.
WebSpa is a tool that allows the quick, intuitive (and even fun) interrogation of arbitrary SPARQL endpoints. WebSpa runs in the web browser and does not require the installation of any additional software. The tool manages a large variety of pre-defined SPARQL endpoints and allows the addition of new ones. An user account gives the possibility of saving both the interrogation and its results on the local computer, as well as further editing of the queries. The application is written in both Java and Flex. It uses Jena and ARQ application programming interface in order to perform the queries, and the results are processed and displayed using Flex.
This presentation by Shana McDanold of Georgetown University was presented during the NISO Virtual Conference, BIBFRAME & Real World Applications of Linked Bibliographic Data, held on June 15, 2016
It19 20140721 linked data personal perspectiveJanifer Gatenby
A presentation made for Standards Australia's seminar. Outlines the basic aspects of linked data from a personal perspective and where it fits with direct and subject searching.
This paper describes the importance of a performant presentation tier. It presents the easiest way of optimizing the client-side code, providing source code examples for good practices. It then shows the correct approach to using CSS and HTML and the impact it has on the website response time. The Ajax technology is briefly described, emphasizing the role of JavaScript and presenting methods for improving its performance. In the end, some popular tools for monitoring and testing web applications are introduced.
Libraries around the world have a long tradition of maintaining authority files to assure the consistent presentation and indexing of names. As library authority files have become available online, the authority data has become accessible -- and many have been published as Linked Open Data (LOD) -- but names in one library authority file typically had no link to corresponding records for persons and organizations in other library authority files. After a successful experiment in matching the Library of Congress/NACO authority file with the German National Library's authority file, an online system called the Virtual International Authority File was developed to facilitate sharing by ingesting, matching, and displaying the relations between records in multiple authority files.
The Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) has grown from three source files in 2007 to more than two dozen files today. The system harvests authority records, enhances them with bibliographic information and brings them together into clusters when it is confident the records describe the same identity. Although the most visible part of VIAF is a HTML interface, the API beneath it supports a linked data view of VIAF with URIs representing the identities themselves, not just URIs for the clusters. It supports names for person, corporations, geographic entities, works, and expressions. With English, French, German, Spanish interfaces (and a Japanese in process), the system is used around the world, with over a million queries per day.
Speaker
Thomas Hickey is Chief Scientist at OCLC where he helped found OCLC Research. Current interests include metadata creation and editing systems, authority control, parallel systems for bibliographic processing, and information retrieval and display. In addition to implementing VIAF, his group looks into exploring Web access to metadata, identification of FRBR works and expressions in WorldCat, the algorithmic creation of authorities, and the characterization of collections. He has an undergraduate degree in Physics and a Ph.D. in Library and Information Science.
Semantic - Based Querying Using Ontology in Relational Database of Library Ma...dannyijwest
The traditional Web stores huge amount of data in the form of Relational Databases (RDB) as it is good at
storing objects and relationships between them. Relational Databases are dynamic in nature which allows
bringing tables together helping user to search for related material across multiple tables. RDB are
scalable to expand as the data grows. The RDB uses a Structured Query Language called SQL to access
the databases for several data retrieval purposes. As the world is moving today from the Syntactic form to
Semantic form and the Web is also taking its new form of Semantic Web. The Structured Query of the RDB
on web can be a Semantic Query on Semantic Web.
A Semantic Data Model for Web ApplicationsArmin Haller
This presentation gives a short overview of the Semantic Web, RDFa and Linked Data. The second part briefly discusses ActiveRaUL, our model and system for developing form-based Web applications using Semantic Web technologies.
This presentation gives details on technologies and approaches towards exploiting Linked Data by building LD applications. In particular, it gives an overview of popular existing applications and introduces the main technologies that support implementation and development. Furthermore, it illustrates how data exposed through common Web APIs can be integrated with Linked Data in order to create mashups.
WebSpa is a tool that allows the quick, intuitive (and even fun) interrogation of arbitrary SPARQL endpoints. WebSpa runs in the web browser and does not require the installation of any additional software. The tool manages a large variety of pre-defined SPARQL endpoints and allows the addition of new ones. An user account gives the possibility of saving both the interrogation and its results on the local computer, as well as further editing of the queries. The application is written in both Java and Flex. It uses Jena and ARQ application programming interface in order to perform the queries, and the results are processed and displayed using Flex.
Nelson Piedra , Janneth Chicaiza
and Jorge López, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Edmundo
Tovar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,
and Oscar Martínez, Universitas
Miguel Hernández
Explore the advantages of using linked data with OERs.
This tutorial explains the Data Web vision, some preliminary standards and technologies as well as some tools and technological building blocks developed by AKSW research group from Universität Leipzig.
Web of Data as a Solution for Interoperability. Case StudiesSabin Buraga
The paper draws several considerations regarding the use of Web of Data (Semantic Web) technologies – such as metadata vocabularies and ontological constructs – to increase the degree of interoperability within distributed systems. A number of case studies are presenting to express the knowledge in a
platform- and programming language-independent manner.
Linked Open Data Libraries Archives Museums. This presentation is a basic overview of what LOD is and what technologies are needed to ensure the metadata around your collections is machine readable.
morning session talk at the second Keystone Training School "Keyword search in Big Linked Data" held in Santiago de Compostela.
https://eventos.citius.usc.es/keystone.school/
SKOS Thesaurus Editing which makes use of "Linked Data". A lot of facts from the Semantic Web (e.g. from DBpedia) can be used to augment local thesauri or knowledge bases. This video shows how PoolParty Thesaurus Management makes use of data from the Semantic Web.
Presentation about role playing games and their use in libraries. This covers a basic history of the games, collection development and program planning.
Brief introduction to FRBR, RDA and the future of the catalogCason Snow
An introduction to the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, Resource Description and Access, and the WEMI model for non Catalogers. Given at Librarypalooza 2014 at the University of Maine.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
3. What is Linked Data
Linked Data refers to a set of best practices for publishing
and connecting structured data on the Web.
URIs - Uniform Resource Identifiers
HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
RDF - Resource Description Framework
Source: http://linkeddata.org/faq
4. URIs
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a string of characters used to identify the name of a resource.
Such identification enables interaction with representations of the resource over a network,
typically the World Wide Web, using specific protocols.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) (commonly informally referred to as a web address, although
the term is not defined identically) URL (uniform resource locator) is a subset of the URIs that
include a network location.
Uniform Resource Name (URN) is a subset of URIs that include a name within a given space, but
no location.
Image Source: http://www.slideshare.net/rodsenra/rest-representational-state-transfer-emc-brdc-internal-tech-talk
5. HTTP
HyperText Transfer Protocol, HTTP is the underlying
protocol used by the World Wide Web. HTTP defines
how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what
actions Web servers and browsers should take in
response to various commands.
6. RDF
The Resource Description Framework (RDF) data model
represents information as node-and-arc-labeled directed
graphs. The data model is designed for the integrated
representation of information that originates from
multiple sources, is heterogeneously structured, and is
represented using different schemata. RDF aims at
being employed as a lingua franca, capable of
moderating between other data models that are used on
the Web.
Source: http://linkeddatabook.com/editions/1.0/#htoc16
8. RDF - Triples
RDF uses triples to describe resources.
Triples consist of a Subject, Predicate, and Object.
Cason Snow knows Steven Roman.
http://www.library.umaine.edu/staff/snow.htm http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows https://dkpl.org/teens-tweens/
9. Serialization
Remember RDF is not a data format. It is a data model for
describing resources.
To display RDF data on the Web it must be serialized
though some kind of syntax.
RDF/XML and RDFa are standardized by the W3C but
many other serializations are out there.
12. Benefits of RDF
in Linked Data
1. By using HTTP URIs as globally unique identifiers for data items as well as for vocabulary terms, the RDF data model is
inherently designed for being used at global scale and enables anybody to refer to anything.
2. Clients can look up any URI in an RDF graph over the Web to retrieve additional information. Thus each RDF triple is part
of the global Web of Data and each RDF triple can be used as a starting point to explore this data space.
3. The data model enables you to set RDF links between data from different sources.
4. Information from different sources can easily be combined by merging the two sets of triples into a single graph.
5. RDF allows you to represent information that is expressed using different schemata in a single graph, meaning that you
can mix terms for different vocabularies to represent data.
6. Combined with schema languages such as RDF-Schema and OWL, the data model allows the use of as much or as little
structure as desired, meaning that tightly structured data as well as semi-structured data can be represented.
Source: http://linkeddatabook.com/editions/1.0/#htoc16
13. Why Linked Data
Linked Data provides a more generic, more flexible publishing paradigm which makes it easier for
data consumers to discover and integrate data from large numbers of data sources. In particular,
Linked Data provides:
• A unifying data model
• A standardized data access mechanism
• Hyperlink-based data discovery
• Self-descriptive data
Source: http://linkeddatabook.com/editions/1.0/#htoc22
15. What is the Semantic Web
The ultimate goal of the Web of data is to enable computers to do more useful
work and to develop systems that can support trusted interactions over the
network.
Semantic Web technologies enable people to create data stores on the Web,
build vocabularies, and write rules for handling data.
Linked data are empowered by technologies such as RDF, SPARQL, OWL,
and SKOS.
Source: http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/
16. Linked Data
The Semantic Web is a Web of data — of dates and titles and part numbers
and chemical properties and any other data one might conceive of. RDF
provides the foundation for publishing and linking your data.
Source: http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/
17. Vocabularies
At times it may be important or valuable to organize data. Using OWL (to build
vocabularies, or “ontologies”) and SKOS (for designing knowledge
organization systems) it is possible to enrich data with additional meaning,
which allows more people (and more machines) to do more with the data.
Vocabularies are the contextless list of terms used
Ontologies provide the relationships and grammar to express relations
between vocabulary terms
Source: http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/
19. Query
Query languages go hand-in-hand with databases. If the Semantic Web is
viewed as a global database, then it is easy to understand why one would
need a query language for that data. SPARQL is the query language for the
Semantic Web.
Source: http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/
20. Inference
Near the top of the Semantic Web stack one finds inference — reasoning
over data through rules. W3C work on rules, primarily through RIF and
OWL, is focused on translating between rule languages and exchanging
rules among different systems.
Source: http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/
22. BIBFRAME
BIBFRAME (Bibliographic Framework Initiative) is a project by LC to provide a
foundation of bibliographic description for integration in the Web of Data.
Uses RDF serialization.
23. BIBFRAME
The BIBFRAME Model consists of the following main classes:
Creative Work - a resource reflecting a conceptual essence of the cataloging
item.
Instance - a resource reflecting an individual, material embodiment of the
Work.
Authority - a resource reflecting key authority concepts that have defined
relationships reflected in the Work and Instance. Examples of Authority
Resources include People, Places, Topics, Organizations, etc.
Annotation - a resource that decorates other BIBFRAME resources with
additional information. Examples of such annotations include Library
Holdings information, cover art and reviews.
25. Creative Work
The Work exists as a Web based control point that reflects both commonality
of content between and among the various Instances associated with the
Work as well as a reference point for other Works. Common properties of
Works include contextual relationships to BIBFRAME Authorities related to
the “subjectness” (Topic, Person, Place, Geographical, etc.) of the resource
as well as the entities (Person, Organization, Meeting, etc.) associated with
its creation. Works can relate to other Works reflecting, for example, part /
whole relationships.
26. Instance
BIBFRAME Instances reflect an individual, material embodiment of a
BIBFRAME Work that can be physical or digital in nature. A BIBFRAME
Instance exists as a Web based control point that includes properties
specific to the materialization as well as contextual relationships to
appropriate BIBFRAME Authorities related to the publication, production,
distribution of the material resource. Each BIBFRAME Instance is an
instance of one and only one BIBFRAME Work.
27. Authorities
BIBFRAME Authorities are key authority concepts that are the target of
defined relationships reflected in the Work and Instance. Example of
BIBFRAME Authority Resources include People, Places, Topics,
Organizations, etc. From a cataloging perspective Authorities provide a
means for supporting disambiguation and synchronization around
authoritative information. From a users perspective, BIBFRAME Authorities
provide effective and efficient control points that can be used to help
navigate and contextualize related BIBFRAME Works and Instances.
BIBFRAME Authorities are not designed to compete or replace existing
authority efforts but rather provide a common, light weight abstraction layer
over various different Web based authority efforts to make them even more
effective.
28. Annotation
Libraries generate, maintain and improve an enormous amount of high-quality
data that is valuable well beyond traditional library boundaries. The
Bibliographic Framework Initiative recognizes this by including as a goal the
ability to “accommodate and distinguish expert-, automated-, and self-
generated metadata, including annotations (reviews, comments) and usage
data.” Rather than pre-define and limit our potential uses of this data, the
BIBFRAME model provides the necessary scaffolding to allows this data to
easily be annotated by libraries as well as third party users of this
information.
30. BIBFRAME and MARC
BIBFRAME is not ready yet, and it will be a mixed environment for the near
future.
Currently there is a tool to convert MARC to BIBFRAME. It changes fairly
often as BIBFRAME develops.
Currently designed to be rules agnostic, but RDA is a major component.
31. Digital Public Library
of America
The Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) is an all-digital library that aggregates metadata — or
information describing an item — and thumbnails for millions of photographs, manuscripts, books,
sounds, moving images, and more from libraries, archives, and museums around the United
States. DPLA brings together the riches of America’s libraries, archives, and museums, and
makes them freely available to the world.
32. European Library
The European Library is an independent not-for-profit library services organisation supported by
CENL, LIBER and CERL. The European Library importantly works to strengthen and support libraries
across the continent. Member libraries benefit from a powerful, low-cost aggregation structure enabling
a greater exposure of digital resources and bibliographic records. We collect, enrich and innovate with
libraries' data and content for the widest possible dissemination.
The European Library's mission is to be THE open data hub for library data in Europe.
Additionally, The European Library partakes in projects to create useful tools and a pan-European
infrastructure for librarians and researchers.
33. Linked Data for Libraries
LD4L
The goal of the project is to create a Scholarly Resource Semantic
Information Store (SRSIS) model that works both within individual
institutions and through a coordinated, extensible network of Linked Open
Data to capture the intellectual value that librarians and other domain
experts and scholars add to information resources when they describe,
annotate, organize, select, and use those resources, together with the
social value evident from patterns of usage.
A unifying data model. By providing for the globally unique identification of entities and by allowing different schemata to be used in parallel to represent data, the RDF data model has been especially designed for the use case of global data sharing. In contrast, the other methods for publishing data on the Web rely on a wide variety of different data models, and the resulting heterogeneity needs to be bridged in the integration process.
A standardized data access mechanism. Linked Data commits itself to a specific pattern of using the HTTP protocol. This agreement allows data sources to be accessed using generic data browsers and enables the complete data space to be crawled by search engines. In contrast, Web APIs are accessed using different proprietary interfaces.
Hyperlink-based data discovery. By using URIs as global identifiers for entities, Linked Data allows hyperlinks to be set between entities in different data sources. These data links connect all Linked Data into a single global data space and enable Linked Data applications to discover new data sources at run-time. In contrast, Web APIs as well as data dumps in proprietary formats remain isolated data islands.
Self-descriptive data. Linked Data eases the integration of data from different sources by relying on shared vocabularies, making the definitions of these vocabularies retrievable, and by allowing terms from different vocabularies to be connected to each other by vocabulary links.