The document discusses the development and implications of self-driving cars, primarily focusing on Google's project which began in 2009. It outlines the technology behind these vehicles, including sensors and artificial intelligence, as well as the safety benefits and potential drawbacks of autonomous driving. The text concludes that while self-driving cars could significantly reduce accidents caused by human error, there are concerns regarding job loss, security, and public acceptance.

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SELF - DRIVING CARS

2. Introduction:-
A self driving car is a
vehicle that is
capable of sensing its
and navigating
without human input.
Also known as:-
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Autonomous
Cars
Robotic
Cars
Driverless
Cars
Google and its team of Engineers is out with yet
another wonder. The Driverless Car::::::
Image source :- Google

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Google self -driving car is a project by Google that
involves developing technology for autonomous cars.
The self-driving car is like any car, but
It can steer itself while looking out for
obstacles.
It can accelerate itself to the correct speed
limit.
It can stop and go itself based on any traffic
condition.

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The Google team has been working on their self driving car
project since 2009, in 2012 they began testing with the Lexus
RX450h on freeways then focused to city streets these models
Available in dual mode, auto driving and manual.
In 2014 the Google team unveiled an early construction of
their new prototype that is fully self driving. Google will release
its first model in market in 2018. Other companies also
announce their driverless cars like Nissan announces that they
will launch their car in 2020.
Image source :- Google

5.  According to a report
nearly 1.3 million
people die in road
accidents every year,
average 3287 peoples
daily.
 94% of the accidents
involve human error. It
can be reduce with self
driving car.
 It allow driving to those
people who are blind
and some other kind of
physical disability.
 It can provide more
time for us to work ,
read books , watch
movies , chat with
families & friends.
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Some other points:-
Sebastian Thrun -
Chief of Google self
driving car project .(2009-
2016)
Winner of 2005 DARPA
Grand Challenge.
Co-founder of Google
Street view.
Google Chauffeur -
Software that is used in
self- driving car.
Image source:- speekerdata.s3.amazonnews.com

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Sensors
Lasers, radars and
cameras detect objects
in all directions Rounded shape
Maximizes
sensor field of
view
Interior
Designed for
riding, not for
driving
Back-up
systems
For steering
braking,
computing
and more
Electric
batteries
To power the
vehicle
Image source :- Google

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How It works:-
Self-Driving Cars use their sensors and software to sense
objects like pedestrians, cyclists, vehicles and more, and are
designed to safely drive around them.
Like any driver, a self-driving car needs to constantly
answer these questions -
Where am I ?
What’s around me ?
What will happen next ?
What should I do?

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HARDWARE SENSORS :-
LIDAR
VIDEO CAMERA
POSITION ESTIMATOR
DISTANCE SENSOR

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LIDAR :-
Heart of this system.
Stands for LIght
Deduction And
Ranging
It is a remote
sensing
method used to
examine the surface
of the Earth.
It uses light in the form of pulsed laser , these light
pulses combined with other data measure by airborne
system and generate precise 3D information about the
shape of earth and its surface characteristics.
Range:- 60 metre
Image source:- icdn4..digitaltrends.com

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VIDEO CAMERA :-
It detects upcoming traffic light and road signs
as well.
POSITION ESTIMATOR
(wheel encoder/ultrasonic sensor):-
It determine vehicles location and keeps track of
its movements.
DISTANCE SENSOR:-
It allow the car to see far enough to detect nearby
or upcoming cars or obstacles.

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:-
Google Maps and the hardware sensors data are sent to
the AI.
AI then determines :
How fast to accelerate.
When to slow down / stop.
When to steer the wheel etc.
Goal of Artificial Intelligence:
The agents goal is to take the passenger to its desired
destination safely and legally.

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Where they are:-
They’ve self – driven more than 1.5 million of miles and
are currently out on the streets of Mountain view , CA ,
Austin , Kirkland , WA etc.
Currently 30 companies
working on self-driving cars
including BMW ,Audi
,Volkswagen ,Volvo ,Nissan
,Ford and so on...
In 2025 the self driving car
will be available in all over
the world.

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SAFETY:-
Humans are not good at driving 1.3 million people killed
every year on roads worldwide are a proof of that.
Unlike us:-
It will not be able to speed as its speed limit is
25miles /hour.
It will never drive drunk and with lack of
concentration.
It will never get angry ,frustrated and competitive.
Emergency stop button that user can hit at any time
The car will wait a second after the traffic lights turn green
before it moves off.

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Benefits:-
It is safer than a human driver.
It is air pollution free.
No need of driving license , anybody can drive even a child can use it for go to
school or coaching or for other activities.
Time saving.
Police officer focus could be shifted from writing traffic tickets and handling
accidents to managing other, more serious crimes.
There are no opportunities for a computer to be "distracted", which is a leading
cause of accidents.

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Drawbacks:-
High cost.
Security issue.(Hackers are so much interested)
Self-driving cars would eliminate many jobs in the
transportation sector.
Who holds responsibility in a car accident- the driver? The car
manufacturer? The software developer?
Self-driving cars would be great news for terrorists, as they
could be loaded with explosives and used as moving bombs.
Increase Laziness.

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Accidents:-
In the journey of 1.5million miles
Google has reported 18 total
number of accidents.
All these accidents are minor
as nobody is hurt in these accidents.
Many of these cases are very small like the car
Impinge with divider , police stop sign etc.
One of the case of February 2016 is major in all
these accidents when a car hit a bus , 16
passengers are there in bus and no driver in the car
as it is on trial but nobody injured during all this.

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Public Acceptance :-

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Conclusion:-
Technology always comes with many advantage and some disadvantages also , it
is quite interesting to see how the world will actually become With self driving
car but one thing is sure that humans are not good at driving so self driving car
can play an important role to decrease the number of accidents.

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References:-
https://www.google.com/selfdrivingcar/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_self-
driving_car
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsaES--
OTzM
https://www.techgig.com/technews
http://www.theverge.com/2016/2/29/11134344
/google-self-driving-car-crash-report
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/goog
le/10860036/Ten-ways-that-driverless-car-
will-change.html

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For listening us...............
Presented by:-
RavikantVishwakarma
0901IT151042
B.E.(IT) 2nd year