The document discusses different types of formworks used in construction projects in India. It focuses on conventional timber formworks and aluminum formworks, which are most commonly used. Conventional formworks are cheaper for small projects but are less productive and reusable than aluminum formworks. Aluminum formworks allow faster construction, better finishes, and more uses compared to conventional formworks. However, aluminum formworks have higher initial and maintenance costs. The document analyzes advantages and disadvantages of both formwork types to help with selecting the most suitable one based on project factors like time, cost, and scale.
Aluminium Formwork Vs Conventional Formworkchaitanyakrsk
This technical paper covers the information about formwork introduction, types of formworks and mainly about the comparing aluminium formwork with conventional formwork. Data compiled from various prominent resources and from the experience gained over the years.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Comparative Analysis for High Rise Building of Tunnel Formwork System ...IRJET Journal
This document compares tunnel formwork systems and aluminum formwork systems for use in high-rise building construction. Tunnel formwork allows walls and slabs to be cast in one operation on a daily cycle, reducing construction time significantly compared to conventional methods. It provides strength, quality, accuracy and cost savings. Aluminum formwork can be reused over 300 times with low average costs. The study analyzes two case studies, one using tunnel formwork for a 42m residential building and one using aluminum formwork for a 106m residential building. Formwork selection is key to minimizing construction costs and maximizing speed, quality and safety for high-rise building projects.
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This document discusses planning and scheduling of shuttering systems for multi-storey buildings. It begins by introducing different types of conventional formworks used such as timber, plywood and steel. It then focuses on Mivan technology, an advanced aluminum formwork system from Malaysia. The key components and working of the Mivan system are described. The advantages include light weight, high load capacity, reduced construction time and ability to be erected by unskilled labor. However, initial costs are higher and it may not be suitable for small projects. Overall, the Mivan system provides improved uniformity, quality and seismic resistance over conventional formworks.
This document provides an overview of formwork and its types. Formwork is a temporary mold used to hold fresh concrete in shape until it hardens. It can be made from materials like steel, timber, plywood, aluminum, and plastic. There are different categories of formwork including conventional formwork built on-site, modern prefabricated forms for speed and efficiency, and engineered forms with a metal frame and covering. Common types include steel, timber, plywood, and aluminum forms. Formwork must be strong, rigid, prevent concrete leakage, and allow removal without damage to the concrete. It is an important but costly part of concrete construction.
The document discusses factors that affect the selection of formwork systems for concrete construction projects. It describes formwork as molds that support fresh concrete until it gains strength. A well-chosen formwork system can improve the speed, quality, cost and safety of a project. Key factors in selecting a system include the building geometry, project schedule, construction methods, site logistics, climate, labor skills, overall costs, maintenance needs, availability of lifting equipment, ease of use, worker safety, and required concrete surface finish. The economics of formwork, including its large share of overall costs, are also addressed.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of Aluminium Formwork Building and Conventional F...IRJET Journal
This document compares the use of aluminum formwork and conventional formwork for constructing multi-story buildings using the Line of Balance (LOB) technique. The LOB analysis shows that using aluminum formwork can complete construction of 10 buildings in 42 days, while conventional formwork would take 65 days. Aluminum formwork is found to save both time and costs for mass housing projects compared to conventional formwork.
FORMWORK TECHNOLOGY IN HIGH-RISE BUILDING ITS COST AND QUALITY ANALYSISIRJET Journal
This document compares the costs and quality of different formwork technologies used in high-rise building construction in India, namely conventional timber formwork, aluminum formwork, and tunnel formwork. Through case studies of two high-rise projects - one using aluminum formwork and the other using tunnel formwork - the document finds that aluminum formwork provides higher quality construction at lower cost compared to conventional methods. It allows construction to be completed faster with fewer repetitions of the formwork needed. For a proposed high-rise development in Chennai, the document recommends the use of aluminum formwork over conventional techniques to reduce costs by 25% and completion timelines.
Aluminium Formwork Vs Conventional Formworkchaitanyakrsk
This technical paper covers the information about formwork introduction, types of formworks and mainly about the comparing aluminium formwork with conventional formwork. Data compiled from various prominent resources and from the experience gained over the years.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Comparative Analysis for High Rise Building of Tunnel Formwork System ...IRJET Journal
This document compares tunnel formwork systems and aluminum formwork systems for use in high-rise building construction. Tunnel formwork allows walls and slabs to be cast in one operation on a daily cycle, reducing construction time significantly compared to conventional methods. It provides strength, quality, accuracy and cost savings. Aluminum formwork can be reused over 300 times with low average costs. The study analyzes two case studies, one using tunnel formwork for a 42m residential building and one using aluminum formwork for a 106m residential building. Formwork selection is key to minimizing construction costs and maximizing speed, quality and safety for high-rise building projects.
Planning and Scheduling of Shuttering System for Multi-Storeyed BuildingIRJET Journal
This document discusses planning and scheduling of shuttering systems for multi-storey buildings. It begins by introducing different types of conventional formworks used such as timber, plywood and steel. It then focuses on Mivan technology, an advanced aluminum formwork system from Malaysia. The key components and working of the Mivan system are described. The advantages include light weight, high load capacity, reduced construction time and ability to be erected by unskilled labor. However, initial costs are higher and it may not be suitable for small projects. Overall, the Mivan system provides improved uniformity, quality and seismic resistance over conventional formworks.
This document provides an overview of formwork and its types. Formwork is a temporary mold used to hold fresh concrete in shape until it hardens. It can be made from materials like steel, timber, plywood, aluminum, and plastic. There are different categories of formwork including conventional formwork built on-site, modern prefabricated forms for speed and efficiency, and engineered forms with a metal frame and covering. Common types include steel, timber, plywood, and aluminum forms. Formwork must be strong, rigid, prevent concrete leakage, and allow removal without damage to the concrete. It is an important but costly part of concrete construction.
The document discusses factors that affect the selection of formwork systems for concrete construction projects. It describes formwork as molds that support fresh concrete until it gains strength. A well-chosen formwork system can improve the speed, quality, cost and safety of a project. Key factors in selecting a system include the building geometry, project schedule, construction methods, site logistics, climate, labor skills, overall costs, maintenance needs, availability of lifting equipment, ease of use, worker safety, and required concrete surface finish. The economics of formwork, including its large share of overall costs, are also addressed.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of Aluminium Formwork Building and Conventional F...IRJET Journal
This document compares the use of aluminum formwork and conventional formwork for constructing multi-story buildings using the Line of Balance (LOB) technique. The LOB analysis shows that using aluminum formwork can complete construction of 10 buildings in 42 days, while conventional formwork would take 65 days. Aluminum formwork is found to save both time and costs for mass housing projects compared to conventional formwork.
FORMWORK TECHNOLOGY IN HIGH-RISE BUILDING ITS COST AND QUALITY ANALYSISIRJET Journal
This document compares the costs and quality of different formwork technologies used in high-rise building construction in India, namely conventional timber formwork, aluminum formwork, and tunnel formwork. Through case studies of two high-rise projects - one using aluminum formwork and the other using tunnel formwork - the document finds that aluminum formwork provides higher quality construction at lower cost compared to conventional methods. It allows construction to be completed faster with fewer repetitions of the formwork needed. For a proposed high-rise development in Chennai, the document recommends the use of aluminum formwork over conventional techniques to reduce costs by 25% and completion timelines.
Introduction to advanced TUNNEL Formwork system: Case study of ‘Rohan - Abhi...IRJET Journal
This document provides an introduction to advanced tunnel formwork systems used in construction. It discusses:
- The benefits of tunnel formwork in reducing construction time and costs compared to traditional formwork methods.
- The key components of tunnel formwork systems including vertical panels, platforms, and props.
- How the tunnel formwork system allows continuous pouring of walls and slabs in one operation to achieve a 1-3 day slab cycle.
- A case study of a real estate project in Pune, India where tunnel formwork was used to construct high-rise apartment towers, reducing construction timelines.
- Conclusions that while tunnel formwork requires higher initial investment, it provides faster returns and overall becomes more economical
A STUDY AND DESIGN ANALYSIS FOR INJECTION MOULD FOR PLASTIC BEARINGIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the design and analysis of an injection mold for a plastic bearing component. It discusses the objectives of the study, which are to gain detailed knowledge of mold making techniques and manufacturing processes. It then provides details on the component analysis, including properties of the material (nylon 66) and specifications of the mold. Key factors considered in the tool design are also summarized, such as parting line, feeding system, cooling and ejection. The document further provides details on the selection of raw materials for the mold, including various steel grades used and how alloying elements affect the properties of the steel. Finally, it summarizes the terminology and descriptions of the main mold parts.
Vijay Verma completed a summer training internship with Ahluwalia Contracts (India) Limited. He gained experience working on the Candor Gurgaon One Realty project located in Sector 48, Gurgaon. His report provides details on the construction steps being used, including site clearance, surveying, excavation, foundation work, and formwork. It also discusses the importance of safety procedures and quality control measures at the construction site.
Analysis of Formwork in Multistory Buildingcedmmantc5411
One of the most important factors in determine the success of a construction project in terms of
speed, quality cost and safety of work is the out of the total cost of project approximate 40% cost is spent on
formwork when considering the importance of cost variation in contractor and client both try to finish the job
early as possible and contractor wants to finish work as soon as possible because gain maximum profit due to
this reason speedup the work in high-rise building construction by achieving very short floor cycle this cycle
mainly depends on formwork types in this is main time factor of construction project and used of formwork is
partly growth in 20 century increasing the use of concrete in construction so it is very important factor to focus
on formwork in construction industry This Paper aim is to present existing formwork type and modern method
affects the project duration and cost of project and quality of work for that a research has been carried out and
result will present in this paper.
Study of Dome Structure Using Finite Element-Based Software E-Tab for Dynamic...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the analysis of a steel dome structure using the finite element-based software E-TABS. It first provides background on dome structures and their advantages. It then outlines the 10 step methodology used: 1) defining the topic, 2) explaining what a dome is, 3) specifying the dome type as hemispherical, 4) designing the dome in E-TABS by importing a semicircle from AutoCAD, 5) applying loads and 6) analyzing the dome. The analysis found that E-TABS can effectively analyze dome structures. The conclusion states that domes allow for varied floor plans without interior supports and that E-TABS is specialized for structural analysis.
NOVEL METHODS AND MATERIALS FOR CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB CONSTRUCTION FOR SMALL FA...IRJET Journal
This document discusses novel methods and materials for concrete floor slab construction for small family housing buildings in India. It outlines several alternative construction methods that have been used successfully in other parts of the world, including precast solid concrete slabs, precast hollow-core slabs, waffle slabs, double-tee slabs, ultra-high performance concrete, and composite steel-concrete slabs. Each method is discussed in terms of advantages over traditional cast-in-place construction methods. The document concludes that these alternative methods could improve construction quality, speed up timelines, and reduce costs for single family housing in India if customized to local conditions and standards. Further research is needed to adapt these methods.
IRJET- Alternative Designs for Gable Industrial StructureIRJET Journal
This document discusses alternative designs for gable industrial structures. It analyzes three alternatives: conventional frames with trusses, pre-engineered frames, and lattice girder frames. The alternatives are analyzed and designed using STAAD Pro software according to Indian standards. An industrial structure with dimensions of 22.5m x 48m and a height of 12m is considered. The analysis compares the designs in terms of tonnage for 2D frames and a complete 3D building model. Previous studies on pre-engineered buildings, conventional buildings, and their comparisons are also summarized. Pre-engineered buildings are found to be more economical than conventional buildings for certain spans.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Multi-Storey Multi-Span G+4 Building by PEB and C...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study of the design of a G+4 commercial building using pre-engineered building (PEB) and conventional steel building (CSB) concepts. The building is located in Pune, India and has dimensions of 140m length, 40m width, and 18m eave height. Both designs are analyzed using STAAD Pro software according to Indian design code IS 800-2007. Key findings from the PEB and CSB designs are compared regarding structural configuration, load assumptions, analysis methodology, and design limitations. The PEB concept is found to utilize tapered steel sections tailored to loading requirements, avoiding excess steel. In contrast, the CSB concept uses uniform hot-rolled sections fabricated on
Development OF Low Cost Durable Precast Compound WallIRJET Journal
This document discusses the development of a low-cost durable precast compound wall. It begins with an introduction discussing the benefits of precast construction over traditional methods such as reduced construction time and costs. It then discusses the materials used for precast concrete walls such as concrete, steel reinforcement, structural steel, and non-cementitious materials. The objectives of the research are to find a low-cost construction method that offers minimum time. A literature review discusses previous research on precast walls that found benefits like improved quality, reduced weight, and affordability compared to traditional brick walls. The goal is to conclude that precast walls can provide a simpler, faster and cheaper construction method.
IRJET- Methodology of 3S Construction Method “Prefabrication Technology”IRJET Journal
This document discusses the methodology of 3S construction using prefabrication technology. Prefabrication involves casting major structural elements like columns, beams, and slabs off-site using molds, which reduces construction time and labor needs compared to traditional cast-in-place construction. Elements are transported to the construction site and erected. Advantages include faster construction, higher strength, reduced impacts from weather, and lower costs. The document outlines the prefabrication process, including production of elements, transportation, and installation which involves reference lines, lifting, alignment, and grouting of joints. Several studies cited found benefits of prefabrication include time and cost savings compared to traditional methods.
The document is a site report for a construction project summarizing observations and discussions. It describes the project as a tall residential building with two towers under construction. It discusses the use of different formwork systems observed on site, including traditional timber formwork and engineered steel formwork. Traditional timber is more suitable for complex or smaller areas while engineered steel allows for faster assembly and repeated use, though it has higher initial costs. The report provides an overview of the project and observations of construction technologies and materials used.
IRJET-Cost Comparison Between Frames with Solid Slab and Ribbed Slab using HC...IRJET Journal
This document compares the cost and structural behavior of buildings using solid slab framing versus ribbed slab framing under seismic loading conditions. It presents the methodology, which involves analyzing 2 sample building designs (6-story commercial buildings) using each slab type, in the same seismic zone and on the same soil, via structural analysis software and manual calculations. The results show that the solid slab frame has sufficient bending, shear, and deflection resistance, and is less expensive than the ribbed slab frame due to requiring less steel, concrete, and hollow concrete blocks. Therefore, the solid slab frame is concluded to be the most cost-effective solution for this building type and location from both structural and economic perspectives.
This document provides information about DOKA table formwork system. It summarizes that the DOKA system uses preassembled modular forms to create suspended concrete floors quickly and with mobility. The forms are made of linked beams, props, and trusses that can be fitted with wheels and moved easily. The document outlines design considerations for the forms including supporting loads, materials used, safety features, and advantages like fast construction, quality finishes, and reusability.
IRJET - Review on Study of Space Frame Structure SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that reviewed the study of space frame structure systems. It begins with an abstract that outlines how space frame systems have grown in popularity for constructing large structures economically. The document then reviews the basic concepts of space frame systems, including their classification, components, advantages, and applications. It also summarizes several other research papers that studied parameters like the effects of foundation settlement, different analysis and design software, composite materials for space frames, and progressive collapse resistance. The overall document provides an overview of space frame structures and a literature review of recent research on their structural behavior.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Corus Advance structural sections for use in steel construction. It includes the following key points:
- Corus is a major UK and global steel producer and manufacturer of structural steel sections.
- Steel construction offers benefits like speed of construction, economy, flexibility, sustainability, and recyclability.
- The document contains selection of structural section property tables from the Corus Advance range to assist students in steel structure design.
- For the full listing of Advance section properties and capacities, the online "Blue Book" can be downloaded from the Corus website.
Comparative Study of Codal Provisions for Pre-Engineered BuildingsIRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study of code provisions for pre-engineered buildings according to the Indian code IS 800-2007 and American codes MBMA-2002 and AISC-89. It analyzes and designs an industrial warehouse 30m long, 20m wide and 9m height using built-up, rectangular and tapered steel sections. The behavior and economy of the structure is discussed based on its weight and analysis results between the Indian and American codes. The structure is analyzed and designed using STAAD.Pro structural engineering software.
This document presents a comparative study of codal provisions for the design of pre-engineered buildings (PEBs) according to the Indian standard IS 800-2007 and American standards MBMA-2002 and AISC-89. PEBs are steel structures where the members are prefabricated off-site and assembled on-site. The study analyzes and designs an industrial warehouse with rectangular and tapered built-up sections. Results show that under the Indian code, a structure with tapered sections weighs less but has higher deflections compared to one with rectangular sections. Analysis of the same structure according to American standards yields less steel usage for both section types.
1) The document describes the design and development of a forging hammer machine. The machine is intended to replace manual hammering and increase efficiency in forging processes.
2) The forging hammer machine is designed to have a hammer that is powered by a motor and pedal system to perform automated hammering. The hammer will provide repetitive blows to shape metal between dies.
3) Testing of the forging hammer machine showed that it can reduce the time and effort required for hammering processes compared to manual hammering. The machine also allows for a more consistent and operator-independent hammering process.
This document discusses industrialized building systems used in Malaysia, specifically tunnel formwork and aluminum formwork. It provides an overview of each system, including their construction processes. Tunnel formwork involves pouring concrete into steel formwork to form walls and slabs in one operation. Aluminum formwork uses aluminum panels as molds to cast concrete structures and provides benefits like high quality finishes, precision, and reduced construction time. The document also outlines the advantages of these systems such as cost savings, shorter timelines, and improved safety; as well as some disadvantages like high initial costs and transportation challenges.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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Analysis of Formwork in Multistory Buildingcedmmantc5411
One of the most important factors in determine the success of a construction project in terms of
speed, quality cost and safety of work is the out of the total cost of project approximate 40% cost is spent on
formwork when considering the importance of cost variation in contractor and client both try to finish the job
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This document discusses novel methods and materials for concrete floor slab construction for small family housing buildings in India. It outlines several alternative construction methods that have been used successfully in other parts of the world, including precast solid concrete slabs, precast hollow-core slabs, waffle slabs, double-tee slabs, ultra-high performance concrete, and composite steel-concrete slabs. Each method is discussed in terms of advantages over traditional cast-in-place construction methods. The document concludes that these alternative methods could improve construction quality, speed up timelines, and reduce costs for single family housing in India if customized to local conditions and standards. Further research is needed to adapt these methods.
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1) The document describes the design and development of a forging hammer machine. The machine is intended to replace manual hammering and increase efficiency in forging processes.
2) The forging hammer machine is designed to have a hammer that is powered by a motor and pedal system to perform automated hammering. The hammer will provide repetitive blows to shape metal between dies.
3) Testing of the forging hammer machine showed that it can reduce the time and effort required for hammering processes compared to manual hammering. The machine also allows for a more consistent and operator-independent hammering process.
This document discusses industrialized building systems used in Malaysia, specifically tunnel formwork and aluminum formwork. It provides an overview of each system, including their construction processes. Tunnel formwork involves pouring concrete into steel formwork to form walls and slabs in one operation. Aluminum formwork uses aluminum panels as molds to cast concrete structures and provides benefits like high quality finishes, precision, and reduced construction time. The document also outlines the advantages of these systems such as cost savings, shorter timelines, and improved safety; as well as some disadvantages like high initial costs and transportation challenges.
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1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...pvpriya2
Includes the testing of induction motor to draw the circle diagram of induction motor with step wise procedure and calculation for the same. Also explains the working and application of Induction generator
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surfaceIndrajeet sahu
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.