Seismic waves are vibrations that travel through the Earth caused by earthquakes. There are three main types of seismic waves: primary (P-) waves, secondary (S-) waves, and surface waves. P-waves are the fastest waves and can travel through solid and liquid materials. S-waves are slower and only travel through solids. Surface waves are the slowest and only travel along the Earth's surface. These seismic waves transmit the energy and effects of earthquakes through the Earth.
A fault is a break or fracture between two blocks of rocks in response to stress.
One block has moved relative to the other block.
The surface along which the blocks move is called a fault plane.
Faulting produced the earthquakes.
Thus earthquakes may occur because:
a) Rocks are initially broken to produce a fault.
b) Movement or re-activation of an already existing fault.
Earthquake waves and types of faults caused by earthquake Udayram Patil
unstable movement of ground is known as earthquake . Earthquake is transferred by waves known as Primary waves and secondary waves.
Effect of earthquake includes faults. There are three types of faults caused by earthquake .
Internal Structure of The Earth
Physical Layering
Determining the Earth's Internal Structure
C. The Earth's Internal Layered Structure and Composition
D. VELOCITY AND DENSITY VARIATION WITHIN THE EARTH
The immense amount of heat energy released from gravitational energy and from the decay of radioactive elements melted the entire planet, and it is still cooling off today. Denser materials like iron (Fe) sank into the core of the Earth, while lighter silicates (Si), other oxygen (O) compounds, and water rose near the surface.
The earth is divided into four main layers: the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. The core is composed mostly of iron (Fe) and is so hot that the outer core is molten, with about 10% sulphur (S). The inner core is under such extreme pressure that it remains solid. Most of the Earth's mass is in the mantle, which is composed of iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), and oxygen (O) silicate compounds. At over 1000 degrees C, the mantle is solid but can deform slowly in a plastic manner. The crust is much thinner than any of the other layers, and is composed of the least dense potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) aluminum-silicate minerals. Being relatively cold, the crust is rocky and brittle, so it can fracture in earthquakes.
A fault is a break or fracture between two blocks of rocks in response to stress.
One block has moved relative to the other block.
The surface along which the blocks move is called a fault plane.
Faulting produced the earthquakes.
Thus earthquakes may occur because:
a) Rocks are initially broken to produce a fault.
b) Movement or re-activation of an already existing fault.
Earthquake waves and types of faults caused by earthquake Udayram Patil
unstable movement of ground is known as earthquake . Earthquake is transferred by waves known as Primary waves and secondary waves.
Effect of earthquake includes faults. There are three types of faults caused by earthquake .
Internal Structure of The Earth
Physical Layering
Determining the Earth's Internal Structure
C. The Earth's Internal Layered Structure and Composition
D. VELOCITY AND DENSITY VARIATION WITHIN THE EARTH
The immense amount of heat energy released from gravitational energy and from the decay of radioactive elements melted the entire planet, and it is still cooling off today. Denser materials like iron (Fe) sank into the core of the Earth, while lighter silicates (Si), other oxygen (O) compounds, and water rose near the surface.
The earth is divided into four main layers: the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. The core is composed mostly of iron (Fe) and is so hot that the outer core is molten, with about 10% sulphur (S). The inner core is under such extreme pressure that it remains solid. Most of the Earth's mass is in the mantle, which is composed of iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), and oxygen (O) silicate compounds. At over 1000 degrees C, the mantle is solid but can deform slowly in a plastic manner. The crust is much thinner than any of the other layers, and is composed of the least dense potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) aluminum-silicate minerals. Being relatively cold, the crust is rocky and brittle, so it can fracture in earthquakes.
Seismic waves are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion.
Response of material to the arrival of energy fronts released by rupture.
Energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs.
WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE?
Where Do Earthquakes Happen?
Why Do Earthquakes Happen?
How Are Earthquakes Studied?
How To Locate The Earthquake's Epicenter?
SCALES FOR EARTHQUAKE MEASUREMENT
What Are Earthquake Hazards?
Earthquakes earthquake measurements slides and pdf filesAmjad Ali Soomro
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7. 3 types of seismic waves
Direction of earthquake
8. Types of Seismic Waves
Primary Wave
(P-wave)
Secondary Wave
(S-wave)
Surface Wave
• Travels through
ground
• Travels through
ground
• Travels only on
Earth’s surface
• Fastest waves • Medium speed waves • Slowest waves
9.
10. Types of Seismic Waves
Primary Wave
(P-wave)
Secondary Wave
(S-wave)
Surface Wave
• Travels through
ground
• Travels through
ground
• Travels only on
Earth’s surface
• Fastest waves • Medium speed waves • Slowest waves
• Can travel through
solid and liquid
• Only travel through
solids
11.
12. Types of Seismic Waves
Primary Wave
(P-wave)
Secondary Wave
(S-wave)
Surface Wave
• Travels through
ground
• Travels through
ground
• Travels only on
Earth’s surface
• Fastest waves • Medium speed waves • Slowest waves
• Can travel through
solid and liquid
• Only travel through
solids
• Rock particles move
in the same direction
as EQ
• Rock particles move
perpendicular to
direction of EQ
15. Types of Seismic Waves
Primary Wave
(P-wave)
Secondary Wave
(S-wave)
Surface Wave
• Travels through
ground
• Travels through
ground
• Travels only on
Earth’s surface
• Fastest waves • Medium speed waves • Slowest waves
• Can travel through
solid and liquid
• Only travel through
solids
• Rock particles move
in the same direction
as EQ
• Rock particles move
perpendicular to
direction of EQ
• Rolling motion
16.
17.
18. Types of Seismic Waves
Primary Wave
(P-wave)
Secondary Wave
(S-wave)
Surface Wave
• Travels through
ground
• Travels through
ground
• Travels only on
Earth’s surface
• Fastest waves • Medium speed waves • Slowest waves
• Can travel through
solid and liquid
• Only travel through
solids
• Rock particles move
in the same direction
as EQ
• Rock particles move
perpendicular to
direction of EQ
• Rolling motion
Direction of EQ Direction of EQ Direction of EQ
