Seed certification and type of losses caused by seed borne diseases in true and vegetatively propagated species
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•731 views
Seed certification is a regulatory process to ensure the availability of high quality seed varieties. It encourages the production of improved and hybrid seeds through certifying departments that inspect seed production based on variety requirements. Seed certification procedures verify genetic and physical purity, as well as freedom from diseases and weeds. Certification is conducted by state or national agencies and involves application review, field inspections, processing oversight, testing, and certification granting. Seedborne diseases can impact seed quality by causing rots, decay, discolouration and reduced germination, affecting market and nutritional value.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Modern Techniques for Detection of Seed Born Fungi.
This presentation deals with modern (Serological, Molecular and other latest) detection techniques for seed borne fungal pathogens.
Gene for Gene Hypothesis and Boom Bust Cycle
1) The gene for gene hypothesis states that for each resistance gene in the host plant, there is a corresponding avirulence gene in the pathogen. When the two match, the plant is resistant and disease does not occur.
2) When a new resistant variety is developed and widely grown, it creates a "boom and bust cycle" - as the variety booms in popularity, it puts selection pressure on the pathogen population that favors strains that can overcome its resistance, leading to an epidemic that causes the variety's popularity to bust.
3) The "Vertifolia effect" occurs when a variety's resistance is overcome by new pathogen strains, as happened with the potato variety Vertifolia - its resistance
Eco friendly management of fungal seed borne pathogens through bio-agents
Seed borne diseases causes heavy losses in the crops at all stages of growth like seed germination, seedling and maturity of plants.
Bio-control technologies have gained momentum in disease control of crop plants, in recent times as these technologies not only minimize or replace the usage of harmful chemical pesticides, but also found to be ecofriendly, environmentally safe, cheaper and efficient in certain disease control programmes.
Fungal bio-control agents like Trichoderma spp. successfully used for the control of many seed borne diseases caused by Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp., Curvularia spp., Colletotrichum spp., Fusarium spp., Pyricularia spp., Helminthosporium spp. etc. in several crops.
Anti viral principles
This document discusses antiviral principles (AVP) found in certain plant leaves and extracts. AVPs are compounds that have inhibitory effects against viruses. The document provides details on preparing an AVP extract from sorghum leaves and using it to manage pathogens. It explains that AVP extracts from various plants like sorghum, prosopis, and bougainvillea have been shown to effectively reduce different viruses in crops like groundnuts, tomatoes, and sunflowers. The mechanism of action of AVPs is that they contain proteins that interfere with viral replication and movement between host cells.
Chilli leaf curl virus
This is for study purpose and it helps to every agriculture students as well as farmers for there chilli cultivation.
Seed borne diseases seminar
This document discusses seed borne diseases and their management. It notes that seed borne pathogens can cause significant losses through reduced germination, seedling mortality, and yield losses. Some key seed borne diseases mentioned include late blight of potato, brown spot of rice, and downy mildew of pearl millet. The document then outlines methods for detecting seed borne pathogens, including visual examination, growing tests, and molecular methods. It discusses management approaches like seed selection, quarantine, hot water treatment, chemical seed treatments, and biological seed treatments using microbes like Trichoderma and Pseudomonas.
ADVANCE TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SEED BORNE DISEASES
Introduction
History
Paths of seed infection
Effects of seed infection
Advance methods for detection of seed borne diseases
Case studies
Integrated Plant Disease Management (IDM)
This Presentation includes various tactics of IDM like Cultural control, Physical control, Chemical control, Biological control of plant disease. Useful for UG, PG Botany and Agriculture students
Recommended
Modern Techniques for Detection of Seed Born Fungi.
This presentation deals with modern (Serological, Molecular and other latest) detection techniques for seed borne fungal pathogens.
Gene for Gene Hypothesis and Boom Bust Cycle
1) The gene for gene hypothesis states that for each resistance gene in the host plant, there is a corresponding avirulence gene in the pathogen. When the two match, the plant is resistant and disease does not occur.
2) When a new resistant variety is developed and widely grown, it creates a "boom and bust cycle" - as the variety booms in popularity, it puts selection pressure on the pathogen population that favors strains that can overcome its resistance, leading to an epidemic that causes the variety's popularity to bust.
3) The "Vertifolia effect" occurs when a variety's resistance is overcome by new pathogen strains, as happened with the potato variety Vertifolia - its resistance
Eco friendly management of fungal seed borne pathogens through bio-agents
Seed borne diseases causes heavy losses in the crops at all stages of growth like seed germination, seedling and maturity of plants.
Bio-control technologies have gained momentum in disease control of crop plants, in recent times as these technologies not only minimize or replace the usage of harmful chemical pesticides, but also found to be ecofriendly, environmentally safe, cheaper and efficient in certain disease control programmes.
Fungal bio-control agents like Trichoderma spp. successfully used for the control of many seed borne diseases caused by Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp., Curvularia spp., Colletotrichum spp., Fusarium spp., Pyricularia spp., Helminthosporium spp. etc. in several crops.
Anti viral principles
This document discusses antiviral principles (AVP) found in certain plant leaves and extracts. AVPs are compounds that have inhibitory effects against viruses. The document provides details on preparing an AVP extract from sorghum leaves and using it to manage pathogens. It explains that AVP extracts from various plants like sorghum, prosopis, and bougainvillea have been shown to effectively reduce different viruses in crops like groundnuts, tomatoes, and sunflowers. The mechanism of action of AVPs is that they contain proteins that interfere with viral replication and movement between host cells.
Chilli leaf curl virus
This is for study purpose and it helps to every agriculture students as well as farmers for there chilli cultivation.
Seed borne diseases seminar
This document discusses seed borne diseases and their management. It notes that seed borne pathogens can cause significant losses through reduced germination, seedling mortality, and yield losses. Some key seed borne diseases mentioned include late blight of potato, brown spot of rice, and downy mildew of pearl millet. The document then outlines methods for detecting seed borne pathogens, including visual examination, growing tests, and molecular methods. It discusses management approaches like seed selection, quarantine, hot water treatment, chemical seed treatments, and biological seed treatments using microbes like Trichoderma and Pseudomonas.
ADVANCE TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SEED BORNE DISEASES
Introduction
History
Paths of seed infection
Effects of seed infection
Advance methods for detection of seed borne diseases
Case studies
Integrated Plant Disease Management (IDM)
This Presentation includes various tactics of IDM like Cultural control, Physical control, Chemical control, Biological control of plant disease. Useful for UG, PG Botany and Agriculture students
Vertifolia effect and boom and bust cycle
The document discusses the Vertifolia effect and boom-bust cycle in plant breeding. The Vertifolia effect refers to the loss of horizontal resistance that occurs during breeding for vertical resistance in the presence of fungicides/insecticides. An example is the loss of horizontal resistance to potato blight after the discovery of fungicides. The boom-bust cycle describes how a resistant cultivar with a single resistance gene is widely adopted by farmers, but then virulent pathogens spread and break the resistance, leading farmers to abandon the cultivar. Maintaining horizontal resistance and incorporating resistance genes later in breeding can help reduce these effects.
seed borne nature of plant pathogen
This document discusses seed borne plant pathogens and their role in quarantine. It begins with an introduction to seed pathology and examples of historically significant seed borne diseases. It then describes the different types of seed infections (internal, external, admixture) and paths of seed infection. Detection methods are outlined, including dry seed inspection, seed washing tests, and incubation methods. The document stresses the importance of detecting seed borne pathogens prior to import/export to identify disease risks and ensure seed quality and health.
Antagonistic Plants for Nematode Management
This document discusses various cultural strategies for nematode management using plants, including using non-host crop rotations, green manure cover crops, antagonistic plants, trap crops, and resistant cultivars. It provides examples of different plants used in each strategy and their effects on nematode populations, such as marigolds and cruciferous plants which can reduce populations through nematicidal compounds in root exudates. Trap crops are discussed as a way to attract and trap sedentary nematodes before they can reproduce. Early planting and harvest is also summarized as a strategy to avoid nematode damage by escaping high nematode activity periods.
Survival and dispersal of important plant pathogen
This topic is most important in plant pathology and i will be cover the all point with their important examples.
Integrated disease management
Integrated disease management in organic
farming combines the use of various measures. The
usefulness of certain measures depends on the specific
crop-pathogen combination. In many crops,
preventative measures can control diseases without
the need of plant protection products. However, for
certain disease problems, preventative measures are
not sufficient. For example, organic apple production
strongly depends on the multiple use plant protection
products
plant disease development
This document discusses plant disease development. It begins by outlining the objectives and topics to be covered, which include the disease triangle, factors for successful disease development, and stages of disease development. The disease triangle requires the presence of a susceptible host, virulent pathogen, and favorable environment. The factors for disease development include the properties of the pathogen, host, and environment. The stages of disease development are inoculation, penetration, infection, growth and reproduction of the pathogen, and dissemination of the pathogen.
Practical on Weed Identification of Kharif Crops by Dr.G.S.Tomar
Procedure for identification of Common Weeds occurs in kharif season. Common name, growth habit and habitat of weed occurrence is given for the benefit of students and faculties of Agriculture. Presented by Dr.G.S.Tomar, Professor (Agronomy), IGAU, Raipur.
Cross protection
Cross protection occurs when infection of a plant with a mild or attenuated virus strain protects the plant from later infection by a more severe strain of the same virus. This was first demonstrated in 1929 with tobacco mosaic virus. It has since been used successfully to control diseases caused by citrus tristeza virus and papaya ringspot virus. There are two main mechanisms of cross protection - coat protein-mediated resistance, which involves blocking virus uncoating or replication, and RNA-mediated resistance, where excess mild strain RNA hybridizes to block replication of the challenge virus. While cross protection has proven effective for some diseases, there are also limitations such as yield loss, incomplete protection, and genetic instability of the protector virus.
Mechanism of disease control by endophytes
The document discusses alternative methods for pest management to address problems with chemical pesticides such as development of resistance and environmental contamination. It suggests that biological control using endophytic microorganisms is a promising alternative as endophytes have antagonistic properties against plant pathogens. Endophytes can inhibit pathogens through direct mechanisms such as hyperparasitism, competition, antibiosis, and lytic enzyme production or indirect induction of host plant resistance. Case studies provide examples of endophytes inhibiting fungal plant pathogens through siderophore production, parasitic growth, and antibiotic compounds.
Molecular basis of plant resistance and defense responses to pathogens
This document summarizes a study on the molecular mechanisms of plant defense responses to the tomato powdery mildew fungus Oidium neolycopersici. The study investigated three monogenic genes (Ol-1, ol-2, and Ol-4) that confer resistance to the fungus via different mechanisms. It found that reactive oxygen species and callose accumulation were associated with resistances from both dominant and recessive Ol genes. cDNA-AFLP profiling identified different expression classes of genes, with Class III genes specifically upregulated only during incompatible interactions. The study provides insights into the molecular interactions and defense signaling pathways involved in the plant-pathogen system.
R GENES
This document discusses genes in plants that provide disease resistance. It begins by outlining the plant immune system and the zig-zag model involving PAMP-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity. It then describes different classes of plant resistance genes based on their structural features and domains. The document also discusses the functions of resistance genes in signaling plant defenses, and provides examples of resistance genes that have been cloned and provide resistance against various pathogens like fungi, viruses, nematodes, and more.
Different techniques for detection of plant pathogens.
Plant pathology is the study of plant diseases. Major plant pathogens include fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses. Techniques used to detect pathogens include histopathological examination of infected tissues, culture growth on media, staining, microscopy, and analysis of biochemical properties. Symptoms caused by pathogens can provide clues to identification. Isolation and purification of the pathogen allows for reinoculation to fulfill Koch's postulates.
Seed health testing
This document discusses various methods for seed health testing to detect fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, and nematodes. It describes several visual, biological, and molecular methods. Visual methods include examining seeds under magnification for signs of fungi or insect damage. Biological methods involve growing seeds in controlled conditions and observing for disease symptoms. Molecular methods discussed are PCR, ELISA, and lateral flow tests which allow detection of pathogens at a genetic level. The goal of seed health testing is to determine the sanitary quality and ensure seeds meet certification standards before commercial use.
Seed born diseases
Seed borne diseases are caused by micro-organisms infecting seeds. Seeds are attacked by various fungi, bacteria and viruses at various stages viz., in the field ,during processing, at the time of transportation, and during storage.
Strategies for gene deployment (1)
This document discusses strategies for deploying disease resistance genes in crops to achieve durable resistance. It describes different types of gene deployment including spatial methods like variety mixtures and multiline varieties, which introduce genetic heterogeneity, and temporal methods like rotating varieties with different resistant genes. Regional deployment by creating "gene zones" with cultivars carrying different resistance genes in different geographical areas is also discussed. Gene pyramiding, or stacking multiple resistance genes in cultivars, is described as a way to present a higher barrier to pathogens. The document emphasizes that durable resistance depends on the cropping system and integration of these strategies with whole farm management.
Significance of seed borne diseases on crop production in bangladesh
This document discusses the significance of seed borne diseases on crop production in Bangladesh. It outlines several objectives related to understanding seed borne pathogens, annual crop losses, seed infection and management. It then provides definitions of seed and seed borne disease. The document lists examples of common seed borne diseases and their pathogens for various crops. It discusses the role of unhealthy seeds in issues like germination failure and introduces new diseases. Finally, it provides data on losses for several crops and pathogens due to factors like reduced germination and yields.
Fastidious vascular bacteria (FVB)
Fastidious vascular bacteria (FVB), also known as Rickettsia-like bacteria or Rickettsia-like organisms, are small, non-motile bacteria that inhabit the vascular system of plants and reproduce by binary fission. They are transmitted by insect vectors and cause diseases in various crop plants such as citrus greening, Pierce's disease of grapevines, and clover club leaf. FVB that inhabit the xylem cause symptoms like leaf necrosis, stunting, and yield reduction, while those limited to the phloem cause stunting, yellowing, and premature death. Examples include Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli in sugarcane and Xylella fastid
Vp final ppt
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on the role of plant quarantine in managing plant diseases in India. It discusses definitions of plant quarantine, types including domestic and national quarantine, objectives of plant quarantine in India such as preventing introduction of exotic pests and diseases. It also outlines the history and organizational structure of plant quarantine in India, procedures for import and export through plant quarantine, detection techniques used to identify pests and diseases, and measures taken to control spread of diseases.
Gene for-gene hypothesis & its validty in the present scenario
This document summarizes a seminar on disease development and resistance. It discusses the disease triangle, types of resistance, components of disease resistance including R and Avr genes, and Flor's gene-for-gene hypothesis. Molecular models of direct and indirect R-Avr gene interaction are presented. Examples of characterized R genes in crops like maize, rice, and tobacco are provided. Past work on disease resistance in flax at the university is summarized, as is current molecular characterization work in the department.
Epidemiology of plant diseases
The document discusses plant disease epidemics and epidemiology. It defines an epidemic as a disease that spreads rapidly to many individuals within an area over a short time period. Epidemiology is the study of epidemics and the factors that influence them, including the interaction between hosts, pathogens, environments, and human activities. For an epidemic to occur, there needs to be a susceptible host, a virulent pathogen, and favorable environmental conditions over an extended period of time. The interaction of these components can be visualized using a disease triangle or tetrahedron model. Examples of historical epidemics that caused famines are discussed.
Seed certification
The document discusses seed certification in India. It states that seed certification is a regulatory process designed to maintain and provide quality seeds to farmers. It ensures genetic purity, freedom from diseases and weeds, and good germination of certified seeds. Seed certification is done according to the Seeds Act of 1966 and Seed Rules of 1968 by state seed certification agencies or the National Seed Corporation where state agencies do not exist. It also discusses the different classes of seeds - breeder seeds, foundation seeds and certified seeds - and the generation system of seed multiplication.
Sameti training material
This document discusses seed quality, production, and distribution in India. It outlines three key points:
1) Seed quality is paramount for high crop yields, and good quality seed is defined by several genetic and physical characteristics.
2) India follows a generation system for seed multiplication, typically using 3-4 generations (Breeder Seed to Foundation Seed to Certified Seed) to balance genetic purity and supply.
3) Several agencies are involved in producing and quality controlling different classes of seeds (Nucleus, Breeder, Foundation, Certified) according to defined standards.
More Related Content
What's hot
Vertifolia effect and boom and bust cycle
The document discusses the Vertifolia effect and boom-bust cycle in plant breeding. The Vertifolia effect refers to the loss of horizontal resistance that occurs during breeding for vertical resistance in the presence of fungicides/insecticides. An example is the loss of horizontal resistance to potato blight after the discovery of fungicides. The boom-bust cycle describes how a resistant cultivar with a single resistance gene is widely adopted by farmers, but then virulent pathogens spread and break the resistance, leading farmers to abandon the cultivar. Maintaining horizontal resistance and incorporating resistance genes later in breeding can help reduce these effects.
seed borne nature of plant pathogen
This document discusses seed borne plant pathogens and their role in quarantine. It begins with an introduction to seed pathology and examples of historically significant seed borne diseases. It then describes the different types of seed infections (internal, external, admixture) and paths of seed infection. Detection methods are outlined, including dry seed inspection, seed washing tests, and incubation methods. The document stresses the importance of detecting seed borne pathogens prior to import/export to identify disease risks and ensure seed quality and health.
Antagonistic Plants for Nematode Management
This document discusses various cultural strategies for nematode management using plants, including using non-host crop rotations, green manure cover crops, antagonistic plants, trap crops, and resistant cultivars. It provides examples of different plants used in each strategy and their effects on nematode populations, such as marigolds and cruciferous plants which can reduce populations through nematicidal compounds in root exudates. Trap crops are discussed as a way to attract and trap sedentary nematodes before they can reproduce. Early planting and harvest is also summarized as a strategy to avoid nematode damage by escaping high nematode activity periods.
Survival and dispersal of important plant pathogen
This topic is most important in plant pathology and i will be cover the all point with their important examples.
Integrated disease management
Integrated disease management in organic
farming combines the use of various measures. The
usefulness of certain measures depends on the specific
crop-pathogen combination. In many crops,
preventative measures can control diseases without
the need of plant protection products. However, for
certain disease problems, preventative measures are
not sufficient. For example, organic apple production
strongly depends on the multiple use plant protection
products
plant disease development
This document discusses plant disease development. It begins by outlining the objectives and topics to be covered, which include the disease triangle, factors for successful disease development, and stages of disease development. The disease triangle requires the presence of a susceptible host, virulent pathogen, and favorable environment. The factors for disease development include the properties of the pathogen, host, and environment. The stages of disease development are inoculation, penetration, infection, growth and reproduction of the pathogen, and dissemination of the pathogen.
Practical on Weed Identification of Kharif Crops by Dr.G.S.Tomar
Procedure for identification of Common Weeds occurs in kharif season. Common name, growth habit and habitat of weed occurrence is given for the benefit of students and faculties of Agriculture. Presented by Dr.G.S.Tomar, Professor (Agronomy), IGAU, Raipur.
Cross protection
Cross protection occurs when infection of a plant with a mild or attenuated virus strain protects the plant from later infection by a more severe strain of the same virus. This was first demonstrated in 1929 with tobacco mosaic virus. It has since been used successfully to control diseases caused by citrus tristeza virus and papaya ringspot virus. There are two main mechanisms of cross protection - coat protein-mediated resistance, which involves blocking virus uncoating or replication, and RNA-mediated resistance, where excess mild strain RNA hybridizes to block replication of the challenge virus. While cross protection has proven effective for some diseases, there are also limitations such as yield loss, incomplete protection, and genetic instability of the protector virus.
Mechanism of disease control by endophytes
The document discusses alternative methods for pest management to address problems with chemical pesticides such as development of resistance and environmental contamination. It suggests that biological control using endophytic microorganisms is a promising alternative as endophytes have antagonistic properties against plant pathogens. Endophytes can inhibit pathogens through direct mechanisms such as hyperparasitism, competition, antibiosis, and lytic enzyme production or indirect induction of host plant resistance. Case studies provide examples of endophytes inhibiting fungal plant pathogens through siderophore production, parasitic growth, and antibiotic compounds.
Molecular basis of plant resistance and defense responses to pathogens
This document summarizes a study on the molecular mechanisms of plant defense responses to the tomato powdery mildew fungus Oidium neolycopersici. The study investigated three monogenic genes (Ol-1, ol-2, and Ol-4) that confer resistance to the fungus via different mechanisms. It found that reactive oxygen species and callose accumulation were associated with resistances from both dominant and recessive Ol genes. cDNA-AFLP profiling identified different expression classes of genes, with Class III genes specifically upregulated only during incompatible interactions. The study provides insights into the molecular interactions and defense signaling pathways involved in the plant-pathogen system.
R GENES
This document discusses genes in plants that provide disease resistance. It begins by outlining the plant immune system and the zig-zag model involving PAMP-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity. It then describes different classes of plant resistance genes based on their structural features and domains. The document also discusses the functions of resistance genes in signaling plant defenses, and provides examples of resistance genes that have been cloned and provide resistance against various pathogens like fungi, viruses, nematodes, and more.
Different techniques for detection of plant pathogens.
Plant pathology is the study of plant diseases. Major plant pathogens include fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses. Techniques used to detect pathogens include histopathological examination of infected tissues, culture growth on media, staining, microscopy, and analysis of biochemical properties. Symptoms caused by pathogens can provide clues to identification. Isolation and purification of the pathogen allows for reinoculation to fulfill Koch's postulates.
Seed health testing
This document discusses various methods for seed health testing to detect fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, and nematodes. It describes several visual, biological, and molecular methods. Visual methods include examining seeds under magnification for signs of fungi or insect damage. Biological methods involve growing seeds in controlled conditions and observing for disease symptoms. Molecular methods discussed are PCR, ELISA, and lateral flow tests which allow detection of pathogens at a genetic level. The goal of seed health testing is to determine the sanitary quality and ensure seeds meet certification standards before commercial use.
Seed born diseases
Seed borne diseases are caused by micro-organisms infecting seeds. Seeds are attacked by various fungi, bacteria and viruses at various stages viz., in the field ,during processing, at the time of transportation, and during storage.
Strategies for gene deployment (1)
This document discusses strategies for deploying disease resistance genes in crops to achieve durable resistance. It describes different types of gene deployment including spatial methods like variety mixtures and multiline varieties, which introduce genetic heterogeneity, and temporal methods like rotating varieties with different resistant genes. Regional deployment by creating "gene zones" with cultivars carrying different resistance genes in different geographical areas is also discussed. Gene pyramiding, or stacking multiple resistance genes in cultivars, is described as a way to present a higher barrier to pathogens. The document emphasizes that durable resistance depends on the cropping system and integration of these strategies with whole farm management.
Significance of seed borne diseases on crop production in bangladesh
This document discusses the significance of seed borne diseases on crop production in Bangladesh. It outlines several objectives related to understanding seed borne pathogens, annual crop losses, seed infection and management. It then provides definitions of seed and seed borne disease. The document lists examples of common seed borne diseases and their pathogens for various crops. It discusses the role of unhealthy seeds in issues like germination failure and introduces new diseases. Finally, it provides data on losses for several crops and pathogens due to factors like reduced germination and yields.
Fastidious vascular bacteria (FVB)
Fastidious vascular bacteria (FVB), also known as Rickettsia-like bacteria or Rickettsia-like organisms, are small, non-motile bacteria that inhabit the vascular system of plants and reproduce by binary fission. They are transmitted by insect vectors and cause diseases in various crop plants such as citrus greening, Pierce's disease of grapevines, and clover club leaf. FVB that inhabit the xylem cause symptoms like leaf necrosis, stunting, and yield reduction, while those limited to the phloem cause stunting, yellowing, and premature death. Examples include Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli in sugarcane and Xylella fastid
Vp final ppt
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on the role of plant quarantine in managing plant diseases in India. It discusses definitions of plant quarantine, types including domestic and national quarantine, objectives of plant quarantine in India such as preventing introduction of exotic pests and diseases. It also outlines the history and organizational structure of plant quarantine in India, procedures for import and export through plant quarantine, detection techniques used to identify pests and diseases, and measures taken to control spread of diseases.
Gene for-gene hypothesis & its validty in the present scenario
This document summarizes a seminar on disease development and resistance. It discusses the disease triangle, types of resistance, components of disease resistance including R and Avr genes, and Flor's gene-for-gene hypothesis. Molecular models of direct and indirect R-Avr gene interaction are presented. Examples of characterized R genes in crops like maize, rice, and tobacco are provided. Past work on disease resistance in flax at the university is summarized, as is current molecular characterization work in the department.
Epidemiology of plant diseases
The document discusses plant disease epidemics and epidemiology. It defines an epidemic as a disease that spreads rapidly to many individuals within an area over a short time period. Epidemiology is the study of epidemics and the factors that influence them, including the interaction between hosts, pathogens, environments, and human activities. For an epidemic to occur, there needs to be a susceptible host, a virulent pathogen, and favorable environmental conditions over an extended period of time. The interaction of these components can be visualized using a disease triangle or tetrahedron model. Examples of historical epidemics that caused famines are discussed.
What's hot (20)
Survival and dispersal of important plant pathogen
Survival and dispersal of important plant pathogen
Practical on Weed Identification of Kharif Crops by Dr.G.S.Tomar
Practical on Weed Identification of Kharif Crops by Dr.G.S.Tomar
Molecular basis of plant resistance and defense responses to pathogens
Molecular basis of plant resistance and defense responses to pathogens
Different techniques for detection of plant pathogens.
Different techniques for detection of plant pathogens.
Significance of seed borne diseases on crop production in bangladesh
Significance of seed borne diseases on crop production in bangladesh
Gene for-gene hypothesis & its validty in the present scenario
Gene for-gene hypothesis & its validty in the present scenario
Similar to Seed certification and type of losses caused by seed borne diseases in true and vegetatively propagated species
Seed certification
The document discusses seed certification in India. It states that seed certification is a regulatory process designed to maintain and provide quality seeds to farmers. It ensures genetic purity, freedom from diseases and weeds, and good germination of certified seeds. Seed certification is done according to the Seeds Act of 1966 and Seed Rules of 1968 by state seed certification agencies or the National Seed Corporation where state agencies do not exist. It also discusses the different classes of seeds - breeder seeds, foundation seeds and certified seeds - and the generation system of seed multiplication.
Sameti training material
This document discusses seed quality, production, and distribution in India. It outlines three key points:
1) Seed quality is paramount for high crop yields, and good quality seed is defined by several genetic and physical characteristics.
2) India follows a generation system for seed multiplication, typically using 3-4 generations (Breeder Seed to Foundation Seed to Certified Seed) to balance genetic purity and supply.
3) Several agencies are involved in producing and quality controlling different classes of seeds (Nucleus, Breeder, Foundation, Certified) according to defined standards.
Deterioration causes of crop varieties and their control; Maintenance of Gene...
Deterioration causes of crop varieties and their control; Maintenance of Genetic Purity during seed Production
Seed certification, quality, packaging and storage
The document provides information about seed certification, quality, packaging, and storage. It discusses that seed certification ensures the genuineness and quality of seed through official inspection and control. It outlines the steps involved in seed certification including application, field inspections, processing, sampling, and tagging. It also discusses the importance of using quality seeds and their benefits. Finally, it covers topics like packaging details that should be included on certified seed packets and different types and objectives of seed storage.
Sameti training ppt
This document discusses the importance of quality seeds in crop production and the seed production system in India. It outlines that quality seeds can increase yields by 10-15% and are vital for realizing returns from other agricultural inputs. The seed production system involves multiple agencies across the public, private, and cooperative sectors. These include the National Seed Corporation, State Seed Corporations, State Agricultural Universities, and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. The system follows a generation-wise seed classification approach from Breeder Seed to Foundation Seed to Certified Seed to ensure genetic purity at each stage of multiplication.
Deterioration of crop varieties and methods to prevent them.
The Presentation is prepared by the N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to Deterioration of crop varieties and methods to prevent them.
Quality Seed Production in Agriculture
Complete idea about seed production in brief. Classification of seed. advantage and disadvantage of seed production , marketing channel and quality seed production.
Nutritional quality of seeds
The document discusses the importance of seed quality and nutritional quality of seeds. It states that seed is the first determinant of future plant development and quality seed is a vital input for crop production [1]. It then provides details on seed quality parameters like physical, physiological, and genetic attributes as well as storability [2]. Finally, it outlines procedures for maintaining genetic purity in seed production like isolation distance and rouging [3].
lectureno-170816105141.pptx
1. The document discusses various factors that can cause deterioration of crop varieties and loss of genetic purity during seed production, including developmental variations, mechanical mixtures, mutations, natural crossing, genetic drift, influence of diseases, and issues during breeding and certification.
2. It provides examples of each factor and recommends various techniques to maintain genetic purity, such as isolation, rouging of fields, seed certification processes, and periodic testing.
3. Key aspects that can impact genetic purity include the seed source and class, preceding crops, isolation distances, rouging practices, certification standards, and grow-out testing. Proper controls and procedures are necessary to preserve variety integrity during seed multiplication and distribution.
Seed Generation system.pdf
This document outlines the seed generation system for producing different classes of seeds. It discusses 6 classes - nucleus seed, breeder seed (stage I and II), foundation seed (stage I and II), registered seed, certified seed (stage I and II), and truthful labelled seed. The classes represent successive generations of seed production, with nucleus seed being the initial generation and certified seed being the final generation made available to farmers. The document also provides details on genetic and physical purity standards for each class and how they are stored and tagged.
Seed certification and certification process A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan...
Seed certification and certification process A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor Agriculture University Peshawar
Seed production and quality control (fata presentation) By Mr Allah Dad Khan...
This document provides an overview of seed production quality control presented to MPhil students. It discusses that seed quality is important for agricultural productivity and food security. The Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department is responsible for variety registration, seed testing, certification and quality control. Producing quality seed requires using high quality seed stock, following best agronomic practices, maintaining isolation distances, rouging undesirable plants, and meeting certification requirements including crop inspections, lab analysis and labeling. Maintaining seed quality helps transfer improved varieties from research to farmers.
Varietal deterioration
this presentation deals with the causes of varietal deterioration and the ways to overcome it. hope this will be useful for all the students.
1606583756-lec.pptx
The document discusses the requirements for producing high quality pedigree seed, which requires technical skills and financial investment. Strict attention must be given to maintaining genetic purity and seed qualities in order to develop superior crop varieties. Seed production must be carried out under standardized, well-organized conditions to select for desirable traits and avoid contamination.
A brief Study on Quality Control Attributes of Agricultural Inputs (seeds and...
Bangladesh is primarily an agriculture based country with agriculture accounting for 23.50% of the country’s GDP. About 62% of the people are engaged in agricultural product. Previous some decades Bangladesh is importing huge amount of rice, vegetables, fruits seed including hybrid variety and fertilizer from foreign countries. In Bangladesh only 10% of seeds used for crop production are produced by the government or semi government organizations. The rest (90%) of total requirements of the country are met by the farmer’s own seed of unknown quality with respect to quality and health standard. As many as quality less and 490 seed-borne diseases affecting the seed of 76 different important crops are established in the country and these cause yield losses annually. On the other hand adulated fertilizer may responsible for economic loose with decreasing soil fertility. Poor or quality less fertilizer has significant effect on our overall production. So, role of seed quality and fertilizers are vice versa. Development of quick and cheap earthen dish-newsprint technique of seed and fertilizer quality determination by using physical and chemicals methods have been described. Measures to overcome the activity, problems are discussed in this report. Standard storage condition both seeds and fertilizers are discussed.
Quality seed production of pulses
The document discusses pulses production globally and in India. It notes that India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world. It then discusses several key aspects of pulses seed production including maintaining genetic purity, proper isolation distances, hybridity and varietal purity tests, seed enhancement techniques, and proper storage conditions. The document emphasizes the importance of quality seed for increasing pulses productivity through a formal seed supply system.
Seed production and quality control (fata presentation) Report by Mr. Allah...
Seed production and quality control (fata presentation) Report by Mr. Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar
Seed type and characterstics
Seed are the propagators of plant species and ensure future crop growth. There are various types of seeds classified based on their quality and intended use. The highest quality seeds are Breeder or Nucleus seeds, which are directly controlled by plant breeders. Foundation, Registered and Certified seeds are progressively lower in quality but suitable for commercial crop production. Seed quality is determined by testing for characteristics like viability, purity, and freedom from pests. Proper production and storage help maintain high seed quality over time.
SEED LAWS AND ACTS
This document discusses laws and regulations related to seeds in Pakistan. It provides definitions of key terms like certified seeds and seed business. It summarizes the Seed Act of 1976 and the Seed Amendment Act of 2015, highlighting important points like requirements for seed packaging, marketing, and labeling. The roles of seed inspectors are also outlined. Additionally, it notes that Pakistan has 755 registered private seed companies, most of which are national in scope while a few are multinational importers of hybrid seeds.
Quality seed production
Seed quality is determined by physical, physiological, genetic, and storability characteristics. Maintaining genetic purity during seed production requires controlling the seed source, isolation distances, rouging fields, certification, and grow-out tests. Key steps in quality seed production include selecting suitable regions and seed plots, proper land preparation, recommended varieties, treatments, planting methods, weed/pest control, irrigation, and timely harvesting and drying. This ensures high-quality seeds that perform well and retain desirable traits.
Similar to Seed certification and type of losses caused by seed borne diseases in true and vegetatively propagated species (20)
Deterioration causes of crop varieties and their control; Maintenance of Gene...
Deterioration causes of crop varieties and their control; Maintenance of Gene...
Seed certification, quality, packaging and storage
Seed certification, quality, packaging and storage
Deterioration of crop varieties and methods to prevent them.
Deterioration of crop varieties and methods to prevent them.
Seed certification and certification process A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan...
Seed certification and certification process A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan...
Seed production and quality control (fata presentation) By Mr Allah Dad Khan...
Seed production and quality control (fata presentation) By Mr Allah Dad Khan...
A brief Study on Quality Control Attributes of Agricultural Inputs (seeds and...
A brief Study on Quality Control Attributes of Agricultural Inputs (seeds and...
Seed production and quality control (fata presentation) Report by Mr. Allah...
Seed production and quality control (fata presentation) Report by Mr. Allah...
Recently uploaded
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsShallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Bordettela is a gram negative cocobacilli spread by air born drop let
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
Recently uploaded (20)
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
Seed certification and type of losses caused by seed borne diseases in true and vegetatively propagated species
- 2. Seed certification is a regulatory process designed to make available quality seeds to the farming community. The main function of seed certification is to encourage the production of adequate quantities of generally pure and good quality seeds,particularly -high potential ,improved and hybrid varieties of different crops. In order to achieve this requirement,the seed certification department carries out the certification work in various crop varieties notified under The Seeds Act 1996 and in accordance with the provisions of the seed rules 1968 to maintain the quality of the seeds produced in the state.
- 3. Seed certification is a legally sanctioned system for quality control of seed multiplication and production. Seed certification procedures are designed to ensure physical and genetic purity, freedom from weed seeds and diseases and good germinability of the certified seed. Seed certification is done by the Seed certification Agency (SSCA)of the concerned state or by NSC where such an agency does not exist.
- 4. Receipt and scrutiny of application for seed production Verification of seed source and registration of sowing report Field inspection Seed processing and packing supervision Seed sampling and analysis at lab Grant of certificate and tag, tagging and sealing
- 5. A variety to become eligible for seed certification should meet the following requirements General requirements Specific requirements Field standards Seed standards
- 6. Seed borne diseases assume a greater importance to seed industries Seed borne pathogens results in seed rots, seedling decay, pre and post emergence mortalities , abnormalities,discolouration, reduced seed size and shrivelledness of seeds. The seed borne pathogens not only affect the market value but also nutritive value of the products.
- 7. Loss in germination Discolouration and shrivelling Development of plant diseases Introduction of new strains or physiological races of the pathogen along with new germplasm from other countries Toxin production in infected seed,etc.
- 8. Seed rot The roots of the plants will turn into either brown or black in severe cases
- 9. Seedling decay The stem becomes brown, rots and the little plant topples over and dies
- 10. Abnormal seedlings They are incapable of normal growth and therefore incapable of developing into healthy seedlings in the field
- 11. Discolouration Pathogen associated with seed results in change in normal colouration of seed which inturn affects its market value
- 12. Shrivelled seeds Seeds from infected plants may be shrivelled affecting the germination and good plant establishment
- 17. THANK YOU