ppt on plant quarantine

2. SEMINAR PRESENTATION
“Role of Plant Quarantine in management of plant
disease with special reference to India”
Presented by
Vishal Kumar
Id. No. CA-10803/18
M.Sc.(Ag.)Plant Pathology
ON

3. INTRODUCTION
Term “Quarantine” means – Forty (40) i.e., The forty
days period of detention of ships arriving from other
countries.
In early years, Quarantine was made for epidemic
diseases such as Bubonic plague, Cholera and Yellow
fever etc.
In general, The Quarantine is a ‘ method of exclusion ’
enforced through certain legal measures and prevent
the entry of new diseases (plants or animals) into a
new area.

4. DEFINITION OF PLANT QUARANTINE
Plant quarantine may be defined as “ Rules and
regulations promulgated by government to
regulate the introduction of plants, planting
materials, plant products, soil, living organism etc.
with a view to prevent exotic pests, weeds and
pathogens harmful to the agriculture or the
environments of any country or region.
Plant quarantine is thus designed as a safeguard
against harmful pests/pathogens exotic to a
country or a region.

5. TYPES OF PLANT QUARANTINE
Two types of plant quarantine in India-
1. Domestic or Local Quarantine:-
• It is enacted to prevent the spread of certain pathogen within
the political boundary of a country or from state to state in a
same country.
• Regulated by Agriculture Pests and Diseases Acts.
2. National Quarantine:-
• It is enacted to prevent the migration of undesirable
pathogens from other countries or outside the countries.
• Regulated by Destructive Insects and Pests (DIP) Acts,1914.

6. DISEASE CONTROLLED BY PLANT
QUARANTINE (Domestic P.Q.)
Wart Disease of Potato ,W. B. Bunchy Top of Banana ,Kerala
Mosaic of Banana ,KeralaApple Scab ,H. P.

7. 1. Inspection of imported agricultural commodities for
preventing the introduction of exotic pests and diseases
hostile to Indian fauna and flora through implementation of
DIP Act, 1914 and the Plant Quarantine (Regulation of Import
into India) Order, 2003.
2. Inspection of plants and plant material meant for export as
per the requirements under International Plant Protection
Convention (IPPC) 1951,.
3. Detection of exotic pests and diseases for their containment
by adopting domestic quarantine regulations, if introduced
OBJECTIVES OF PLANT QUARANTINE

8. S.N0. CORE EVENTS YEARS
1 Destructive Insects and Pests Act 1914
2 Locust Warning Organization 1934
3 Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine and Storage 1946
4 National Institute of Plant Health Management 1966
5 Insecticides Act 1968
6 Implementation of Insecticides Act , 1975
7 Integrated Pest Management (Central IPM Centers) 1992
8 Plant Quarantine Order 2003
9 Online Registration of Pesticides 2010
10 Online PQ Services (PQIS) 2011
PLANT QUARANTINE IN INDIA - MILESTONES

9. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF INDIAN
PLANT QUARANTINE STRUCTURE
Integrated
Pest
Management
(26 Stations)
Plant
Quarantine
(33 Stations)
Central
Insecticides
Laboratory
Secretariat of
Central Insecticides
Board/Registration
Committee
Regional Pesticides
Testing
Laboratories
(2 Laboratories)
Pesticide
Regulation
Locust
Control
(5 Circle Offices
& 23 Outposts)
Human Resource
Development
(NPPTI, Hyderabad)
DIRECTORATE OF PLANT PROTECTION, QUARANTINE & STORAGE
FARIDABAD
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & COOPERATION
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

10. NATIONAL PLANT PROTECTION
ORGANIZATION
PLANT PROTECTION ADVISER
Plant
Protection
(IPM)
Plant
Quarantine
(PQ)
Locust
Control
Pesticide
Registration &
Quality
Control
5 Regional
Central IPM
Centers
1. Sectt. for
Registration of
Pesticides
2. Central
Insecticide Lab.
Locust
Warning
Organization
5 Regional PQ
Stations
333300326 CIPMCs
30 PQSs 10 LWO Offices

11. ORGANIZATIONAL FLOWCHART AT PLANT
QUARANTINE STATION
PLANT PROTECTION ADVISOR
ADDITIONAL PLANT PROTECTION ADVISOR / DIRECTOR
TECHNICAL MANAGER
TECHNICAL OFFICER
ANALYSIS OFFICER
TECHNICIAN
HELPING STAFF

12. PESTS AND DISEASES INTRODUCED IN INDIA
FROM OTHER COUNTRIES

13. The Plant Quarantine has increased in view of
Globalization and liberalization in International trade of
plants and plant material in the wake of Sanitary and
Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement under WTO. There are
following functions of Plant Quarantine in India. They are -
FUNCTIONS OF PLANT QUARANTINE
1. To facilitate safe global trade in agriculture by assisting
the producers and exporters by providing a technically
competent and reliable phytosanitary certificate system
to meet the requirements of trading partners.
2. Pathogens of minor consequence in their native
environments may be destructive in a new environment.
Cont…

14. 3. PQ is vital to prevent the introduction of non-indigenous pests
and diseases into a country, or to intercept and eradicate
them before they can be widespread and well-established.
4. Prevent the introduction and spread of exotic pests that are
destructive to crops by regulating/restricting the import of
plants/plant products.

15. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PLANT QUARANTINE
Basic Principles of plant quarantine is to check the entry and
spread of potentially dangerous plant pathogens and imported
from different countries. Plant quarantine requlations have
certain prerequisites. They are -
1. Based on sound biological ground of pests which pose a
threat of major crops.
2. Derived from adequate legislation and operated solely under
the law.
3. Formulated to controlled or prevent the entry of pest.
4. Modified as condition change are further acts become
available.

16. PLANT QUARANTINE - SET UP
 35 Plant Quarantine Stations:-
 International Airports -11
 Sea Ports -11
 Land Frontiers -13
 Phytosanitary certification:-
 151 Government Officers from Central/State/UT
are authorized.
 Fumigation & Treatment:-
 375 Pest Control Agencies accredited for Methyl
Bromide & Phosphine fumigation.
 169 Forced Hot Air Treatment Providers accredited.

17. SEAPORTS AIRPORTS LAND FRONTIERS
Bhavnagar (Gujarat) Varanasi(Uttar Pradesh) Amritsar Rly. Stn. (Punjab)
Calcutta(West Bengal) Calcutta(West Bengal) Gede Road Rly. Stn. (W B )
Chennai(Tamil Nadu) Hyderabad (Telangana) Bongaon(West Bengal)
Visakhapatnam(AP) Amritsar(Punjab), Attari Wagha Border(Punj.)
Mumbai(Maharashtra) New Delhi(N.D), Jogbani(Bihar)
Cochin (Kerala) Bangalore ( Karnataka ) Moreh (Manipur)
Kandla (Gujarat) Patna (Bihar) Panitanki(West Bengal)
Dhamra (Orissa) Guwahati (Assam) Raxual (Bihar)
Karwar (Karnataka) Tirupati (Andra Pradesh) Rupadiha(Uttar Pradesh)
Mangalore(Karnataka) Chennai(Tamil Nadu) Sonauli(Uttar Pradesh)
Rameswaram (Tamil Nadu) Calicut (Kerala) Zokhwathar (Mizoram)
Banbasa (Uttar Pradesh)
REGIONAL PLANT QUARANTINE STATIONS

18. Vishakhapatnam,Andra Pradesh
Amritsar, Punjab
L.B.S Airport,Varanasi,Uttar Pradesh

19. PEST/PATHOGEN DETECTION TECHNIQUES
• Two techniques widely used in detection –
1.Generalized Test -
It is common methods for inspection of plant
material with naked eye or under the low power
of microscope.

21. 2. Specilized test –
It is different for different organism like insects ,nematodes,
fungi , Bacteria and Virus. It includes:-
• Visual inspection - To detect nematode galls, bunt galls, smuts,
insect infestations, weed seeds, insect eggs, inert matter etc
• X-ray test - Insect infestation (hidden)
• Incubation test - Seed borne fungi/ bacteria (Blotter/agar test)
• Grow out test - Seed borne bacteria/viruses/downy mildews
• Serological methods: ELISA, DIBA, ISEM, Agglutination test.
• Nucleic acid hybridization
• Polymerized Chain Reaction (PCR)
A view of Serology test for Virus

22. A view of ELISA Test A view of test of Flowers
A view of Visual Inspection at airport

23. PLANT QUARANTINE MEASURES
• The aim of Plant Quarantine is prevent the introduction
of dangerous diseases and pest or new race of
pathogen and their spread within the country.It
includes:-
1. Imports control regulations of the importing countries-
a) Embargoes-Most effective measures to excludes
infected plant material.
b) Inspection of seed lots
c) Post entry quarantine
d) Seed Treatment

24. PROCEDURE FOR IMPORT THROUGH
PLANT QUARANTINE

25. FORMATE OF IMPORT CERTIFICATE ISSUED BY
INDIAN GOVERNMENT

26. 2. Export control Regulations of exporting countries –
a) Field Inspection of field crop
b) Inspection of seed lot
c) Seed Treatment
d) Phytosanitary certificate
3. Intermediate quarantine -
It is an international cooperatives efforts to lower
risk of introducing a pathogen to one country from
other country.

27. PROCEDURE FOR EXPORT THROUGH PLANT
QUARANTINE

28. EXPORT CERTIFICATE ISSUED BY INDIAN
GOVERNMENT

29. • Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine and Storage,
Faridabad (Haryana).
• National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR),
New Delhi.
• Crop specific Research Institutes of Indian Council of
Agricultural Research (ICAR).
• Head of Plant Pathology Division of State Agricultural
Universities (SAU).
• State Agricultural and Horticultural Departments.
AGENCIES INVOLVED IN PLANT
QUARANTINE IN INDIA

30. A VIEW OF SOME PLANT QUALITIES FOR EXPORT PURPOSE
SOURCE:-(www.plantquarantineindia.org)

31. The development of the new Plant Quarantine Order, 2003
(referred to hereafter as "the new Order") reflects the primary
plant quarantine concerns of the Government of India. These are
as follow :-
1. To prevent the introduction and spread of exotic pests that are
destructive to the country by regulating the import of plants and
plant products through adequate policy and statutory measures.
2. To support India's agricultural exports through credible export
certification.
3. To facilitate safe global trade in agriculture by assisting
producers, exporters and importers and by providing technically
comprehensive and credible phytosanitary certification.
THE NEW PLANT QUARANTINE ORDER, 2003

32. • Prohibited Plant Species
The list of prohibited plant species from specified countries covered
under Plant Quarantine (Regulation of Import into India) Order, 2003 (PQ
Order) giving justification for prohibitions is reproduced in Schedule-IV.
• Restricted Plant Species
List of plants/ plant materials import of which are restricted and
permissible only by authorized institutions specifying various additional
declarations is reproduced in Schedule-V.
• Plants Permitted Import With Specific Additional Declarations
A list of plant species, for which the PPA prescribes additional
declarations and special conditions, are reproduced in Schedule-VI.
Besides, this a list of plant species for consumption purpose is reproduced
in Schedule-VII.
SPECIAL CONDITIONS FOR CERTAIN
NOTIFIED PLANTS

33. PLANT QUARANTINE SCHEDULE
SCHEDULE DISCRIPTION
Schedule I List of Entry Points
Schedule II List of containers depot & container freight station for imports
of plants / plants materials
Schedule III Foreign post offices for imports of plants/plants materials
Schedule IV List of Plants/Planting material whose import is prohibited
Schedule V List of Restricted Items whose import requires Authorization +
Special Conditions + Additional Declaration
Schedule V I Restricted Items whose import requires Special Conditions +
Additional Declaration.
Schedule V II Items whose import is permitted based on phytosanitary
certificates
Schedule V III List of quarantine weeds
Schedule IX Import Permit issuing authorities

34. MERITS OF PLANT QUARANTINE
1. It prevents new diseases from migration to a region that is
free from such diseases.
2. It isolates and localized a diseases after it has reached a
locality so as to ensure control of that diseases.
3. It has increased in view of Globalization and liberalization in
International trade of plants and plant material in the wake of
Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement under WTO.

35. DEMERITS OF PLANT QUARANTINE
1. Quarantine laws are of no use in case of air – borne
diseases.
2. It disturb foreign and domestic trade.
3. Quarantine requires constant and rigid vigilance by efficient
inspectors aided by strict laws.
4. Ocean ,deserts ,mountains and other barriers around an
area may replace the necessity of quarantine laws.
5. A quarantine law is not needed for a non-temperate area.

36. The PQ measures acts as an important tool in
excluding pests and diseases from the crop.
Effective implementation of quarantine is
highly emphasized for management of pests
and diseases, which in turn helps in
maintaining the productivity of crops and
economy of any country.
CONCLUSION

39. ANY QUESTIONS