This document provides a detailed classification system for sedimentary rocks. It divides sedimentary rocks into siliciclastic rocks such as rudites, arenites and lutites. It also covers biogenic/biochemical rocks like carbonates and organic deposits, as well as chemical rocks including evaporites and iron deposits. Volcaniclastic rocks derived from volcanic eruptions are also discussed. Each category contains numerous subdivisions based on composition, texture and depositional environment. Examples are given throughout to illustrate different rock types.

1. Sedimentary Rocks
By: B. Esrafili-Dizaji

2. Relative abundance of Sedimentary rocks

3. Sedimentary records

4. SedimentaryRocks
Siliciclastic
Rudite (Conglomerate, Breccia)
Arenite (Sandstone)
Lutite (Siltstone, Mudstone, Shale)
Biogenic, Biochemical, Organic
Carbonate (Limestone, Dolomite)
Organic deposit (Coal, Oil shale, Petroleum)
Siliceous deposit
Phosphate deposit
Chemical
Evaporite (Anhydrite, Gypsum, Halite, etc)
Iron deposit
Volcaniclastic Tuff, Ignimbrite, etc
Classification of Sedimentary rocks

5. Sedimentary rocks and environments

6. Siliciclastic Rocks
Sedimentary
Rocks
Siliciclastic
• Rudite
• Arenite
• Lutite
Biogenic, Biochemical, Organic
• Carbonate
• Organic deposit
• Siliceous deposit
• Phosphate deposit
Chemical
• Evaporite
• Iron deposit
Volcaniclastic
• Tuff, Ignimbrite, etc

7. Classification of siliciclastic rocks

8. Siliciclastic Rocks

9. Rudaceous Rocks

11. Classification of Rudites
Rudaceous Rocks
Extraformational
Orthoconglomerate
Oligomict Petromict
Paraconglomerate
Laminated matrix Unlaminated matrix
Tillite Tilioid
Interaformational

12. Classification of Rudites

13. Telluride conglomerate Titus Canyon
Mosaic Canyon

14. Diamict conglomerate

15. Rudaceous Rocks

16. Arenaceous Rocks

18. Arenites (Four Families)

19. Classification of sandstones

20. Quartzarenite
Arkose Graywake
Litharenite

21. Delicate Arch Petra sandstone
Jaipur

22. Argillaceous Rocks

24. Classification of mudstones

25. Clay minerals

26. Siliceous Siltstone
Carbonaceous shale Argillaceous shale
Calcareous Siltstone

28. Biogenic, Biochemical,
Organic Rocks and Deposits
Sedimentary
Rocks
Siliciclastic
• Rudite
• Arenite
• Lutite
Biogenic, Biochemical, Organic
• Carbonate
• Organic deposit
• Siliceous deposit
• Phosphate deposit
Chemical
• Evaporite
• Iron deposit
Volcaniclastic
• Tuff, Ignimbrite, etc

29. Carbonates

33. Grainstone Packstone
Wackwstone Mudstone

34. Bindstone
BafflestoneFramestone

36. The Great Sphinx

37. Organic Deposits

38. Organicdeposits
Coal
Humic
Peat
Lignite
Bitumen
Antracite
Sapropelic
Cannel
Boghead
Oil Shale
Kerogen I
Kerogen II
Kerogen III
Petroleum
Oil
Sour
Sweet
Gas
Wet
Dry
Organic Deposits

39. Coal

40. Oil shale Coal
Boghead coal Cannel coal

41. Oil Shale
Colarado Shale Oil Field

42. Kerogen Types

43. OLUSEGUN OLATINPO 43
TYPE I
LIPTINITE
SAPROPELIC
LAKES &
LAGOONS
TYPE II
EXINITE
I. MARINE MATERIAL -
PHYTOPLANKTONS ,
ZOOPLANKTONS, ALGAE
II. TERRESTRIAL (PLANT)
MATERIAL- SPORES,
POLLEN, AND CUTICLE

44. Petroleum Formation

45. Petroleum Formation

46. Siliceous deposits

47. Siliceoussediments
Marine
Bedded
Organic
Volcanic
Nodular
Sponges
Radiolarian,
diatom
Non-marine
Volcanic
Organic
Pedogenic
Siliceous deposits

48. Bedded Chert Nodular Chert
DiatomiteRadiolarite

49. Petrified Forest National Park

50. Three main types of
silica:
Microquartz,
megaquartz and
chalcedony

51. Source of silica
(radiolaria, diatoms and some sponges)

52. Jasper

53. Phosphate Deposit

54. Phosphate
Nodular and bedded phosphorites
Bioclastic and pebble-bed phosphorites
Guano and ocean-island phosphorites
Phosphate Deposit

55. Source of phosphor

57. Guano

58. Chemical Sedimentary
Rocks
Sedimentary
Rocks
Siliciclastic
• Rudite
• Arenite
• Lutite
Biogenic, Biochemical, Organic
• Carbonate
• Organic deposit
• Siliceous deposit
• Phosphate deposit
Chemical
• Evaporite
• Iron deposit
Volcaniclastic
• Tuff, Ignimbrite, etc

59. Evaporites

60. Evaporites

61. Evaporites

62. Evaporation of seawater

63. Alabasterian
Anhydrite Gypsum

64. Selenite Swallow-tail
Gypsum
Laminated Anhydrite
Chicken-wire
Anhydrite
Gypsum and Anhydrite

65. Daisy Gypsum Desert rose
Stein spar

66. Enterolithic

67. Halite

68. Pamokkale
Dolomite

69. Naica Gypsum

70. Sedimentary Iron deposits

71. Irondeposits
Precambrian iron-
formations
Phanerozoic ironstones
Bog iron ores
Ferromanganese nodules
crusts, metalliferous
sediments
Sedimentary Iron deposits

72. PIF
Bog Iron Manganese Nodules

73. Iron minerals

74. Iron minerals
Marine, Organic matter,
reducing environment
Marine,
reducing environment,
starvation
Non-marine, Organic matter,
reducing environment
Non-marine,
oxidizing environment

75. Sedimentary
Rocks
Siliciclastic
• Rudite
• Arenite
• Lutite
Biogenic, Biochemical, Organic
• Carbonate
• Organic deposit
• Siliceous deposit
• Phosphate deposit
Chemical
• Evaporite
• Iron deposit
Volcaniclastic
• Tuff, Ignimbrite, etc
Volcanoclastic Rocks

76. Volcaniclastic sedimentsVolcaniclasticsediments
Autoclastic deposit
Pyroclastic-fall deposit
Pyroclastic-flow and -surge
deposit
Ignimbrite
Surge deposit
Lahar deposit
Hydroclastite
Hyaloclastite
Hyalotuff
Epiclastic deposit

80. Ignimbrite
Tuff
Hydroclastite
Lahar

82. Sedimentologist

83. • Behrooz Esrafili-Dizaji, Ph.D. (in Sedimentology & Sedimentary Petrology)
http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=b8wEPYgAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao
• https://tehran.academia.edu/BehroozEsrafiliDizaji
• Email: ESRAFILY@Khayam.ut.ac.ir
http://strata.blogfa.com