Topic 2 classification of mineral deposits
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ORE DEPOSIT TYPES AND MODELS; Syngenetic Ore Deposit; Magmatic deposits ; Epigenetic Ore Deposit; Historical Perspective & Different Classifications; Ore deposits classified by Evans (1997) into broad classes namely: syngenetic and epigenetic
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Topic 1 concept of mineral deposits
Introduction of mineral deposits: Mineral deposit ; A geological definition of an ore deposit; Ore Deposit Environments; The significance of ore deposit size; Which commodities are included by the definition of Ore Deposits ; The extraction of an economic commodity from ore ; Geological Factors Affecting Economics of Ore Extraction ; Shape and depth of the deposit; Mineralogy and texture of the ore; The presence of multiple extractable products; Metals enrichment factors; Ore Deposit Constitutes; Ore Deposit Geology and Related Sciences; Structural Control Ore Deposits; Depth of Occurrence Mineral deposits; Nature of Mineralization; Morphology of Ore Deposit; Geographical Localization of Ore Deposits;
Orebodies; oreshoots; ore deposits; ore reserves
Classification of Ore Deposits | Economic Geology
CLASSIFICATION OF ORE DEPOSITS
The Mixture of ore minerals are gangue minerals form an Ore deposit. The ore
deposits are generally found enclosed within the country rocks. The ore deposits
are formed in many different ways. Depending upon the process that may
operate to produce them, the ore deposits may be classified as follow:
Magmatic ore deposits.
Sublimation ore deposits.
Pegmatitic ore deposits.
Contact metasomatic ore deposits.
Hydrothermal ore deposits
Cavity filling deposits.
Replacement deposits.
Sedimentation ore deposits.
Evaporation ore deposits.
Residual and mechanical concentration deposits
Metamorphic ore deposits.
MAGMATIC ORE DEPOSITS:
The magmatic ore deposits are the magmatic products which crystallize from
magmas. The magmatic ore deposits are classified as follows:
o Early magmatic deposits
o Late magmatic deposits
Early magmatic deposits:
Early magmatic deposits are formed during the
early stage of the magmatic period. In this case the
ore minerals crystallize earlier than the rock
silicates. The Minerals of Nickel, Chromium, and
Platinum are usually found as early magmatic
deposits. The early magmatic deposits can be sub
divided into two groups:
o Dissemination deposits
o Segregation deposits
Dissemination deposits:
When magma crystallizes
conditions, a granular igneous rock is formed. In
such a rock early formed crystals of
may occur in dissemination.
Segregation deposits:
Magmatic segregation deposits are
formed as a result of gravitative
crystallization differentiation. In
case, the ore mineral which crystallize
early, get ocean-trated on a particular
part of igneous part. The ore deposits
thus formed are known as “Segregation
deposits”.
rly under seated
ore minerals
such
Late Magmatic Deposits:
The ore deposits which are formed to
called late magmatic deposits. The late magmatic deposits contain those ore
minerals which have crystallized at rather low temperature from the residual
magma. The magma which is left after crystallization of early for
is called residual magma. This magma frequently contains many ore minerals. The
late magmatic deposits include most of the magmatic deposits of iron and
titanium ores, these deposits are almost always associated with mafic igneous
rocks.
SUBLIMATION DEPOSITS:
Sublimation is a very minor process of formation of ore deposits. Sublimation
deposits contain only those minerals which have been volatilized by hear and
subsequently redeposit in the same form at low temperature and pressure. The
sublimation deposits are found associated with Volcanoes and Fumaroles. Sulfur
of this origin has been mined in Japan, Italy, and Mexico.
Topic 3 ore forming processes and magmatic mineral deposits
Topic 3 ore forming processes and magmatic mineral depositsGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
How can minerals deposits be formed; GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES; Ore Fluids; Ore Forming Processes; Concentrating Processes; Magmatic mineral deposits; Residual mineral deposits ; Placer deposits; Sedimentary mineral deposits; Metamorhogenic mineral deposits; Hydrothermal mineral deposits ; Magmatic Deposits
Cumulate deposits: fractional crystallization processes can concentrate metals (Cr, Fe, PGE, Pt, Ni, Ti, Diamond ))
Pegmatites : late staged crystallization forms pegmatites and many residual elements are concentrated (Li, Ce, Be, Sn, U, Rare Earths (REE), Feldspar, Mica, Gems).
magmatic deposits; Mode of Formation of Magmatic Ores Deposits; Mode of Formation of Orthomagmatic Ores ; Fractional Crystallization (or Crystal fractionation ); Magmatic (or Liquid ) Immiscibility; Simple crystallization without concentration (Dissemination); Segregation of early formed crystals; (Layer Types); Injection of material concentrated elsewhere by differentiation Residual liquid segregation; Residual liquid injection; Immiscible liquid segregation; Immiscible-liquid-injection; Early magmatic deposit; Late magmatic deposit; Types of Magmatic Ore Deposits:Chromite; Fe-Ti (± V) oxides; Ni – Cu – Fe (± Pt) sulfides; Platinum Group Elements (PGEs); REE, and Zr in Carbonatites; Diamond in kimberlites.Recommended
Topic 1 concept of mineral deposits
Introduction of mineral deposits: Mineral deposit ; A geological definition of an ore deposit; Ore Deposit Environments; The significance of ore deposit size; Which commodities are included by the definition of Ore Deposits ; The extraction of an economic commodity from ore ; Geological Factors Affecting Economics of Ore Extraction ; Shape and depth of the deposit; Mineralogy and texture of the ore; The presence of multiple extractable products; Metals enrichment factors; Ore Deposit Constitutes; Ore Deposit Geology and Related Sciences; Structural Control Ore Deposits; Depth of Occurrence Mineral deposits; Nature of Mineralization; Morphology of Ore Deposit; Geographical Localization of Ore Deposits;
Orebodies; oreshoots; ore deposits; ore reserves
Classification of Ore Deposits | Economic Geology
CLASSIFICATION OF ORE DEPOSITS
The Mixture of ore minerals are gangue minerals form an Ore deposit. The ore
deposits are generally found enclosed within the country rocks. The ore deposits
are formed in many different ways. Depending upon the process that may
operate to produce them, the ore deposits may be classified as follow:
Magmatic ore deposits.
Sublimation ore deposits.
Pegmatitic ore deposits.
Contact metasomatic ore deposits.
Hydrothermal ore deposits
Cavity filling deposits.
Replacement deposits.
Sedimentation ore deposits.
Evaporation ore deposits.
Residual and mechanical concentration deposits
Metamorphic ore deposits.
MAGMATIC ORE DEPOSITS:
The magmatic ore deposits are the magmatic products which crystallize from
magmas. The magmatic ore deposits are classified as follows:
o Early magmatic deposits
o Late magmatic deposits
Early magmatic deposits:
Early magmatic deposits are formed during the
early stage of the magmatic period. In this case the
ore minerals crystallize earlier than the rock
silicates. The Minerals of Nickel, Chromium, and
Platinum are usually found as early magmatic
deposits. The early magmatic deposits can be sub
divided into two groups:
o Dissemination deposits
o Segregation deposits
Dissemination deposits:
When magma crystallizes
conditions, a granular igneous rock is formed. In
such a rock early formed crystals of
may occur in dissemination.
Segregation deposits:
Magmatic segregation deposits are
formed as a result of gravitative
crystallization differentiation. In
case, the ore mineral which crystallize
early, get ocean-trated on a particular
part of igneous part. The ore deposits
thus formed are known as “Segregation
deposits”.
rly under seated
ore minerals
such
Late Magmatic Deposits:
The ore deposits which are formed to
called late magmatic deposits. The late magmatic deposits contain those ore
minerals which have crystallized at rather low temperature from the residual
magma. The magma which is left after crystallization of early for
is called residual magma. This magma frequently contains many ore minerals. The
late magmatic deposits include most of the magmatic deposits of iron and
titanium ores, these deposits are almost always associated with mafic igneous
rocks.
SUBLIMATION DEPOSITS:
Sublimation is a very minor process of formation of ore deposits. Sublimation
deposits contain only those minerals which have been volatilized by hear and
subsequently redeposit in the same form at low temperature and pressure. The
sublimation deposits are found associated with Volcanoes and Fumaroles. Sulfur
of this origin has been mined in Japan, Italy, and Mexico.
Topic 3 ore forming processes and magmatic mineral deposits
Topic 3 ore forming processes and magmatic mineral depositsGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
How can minerals deposits be formed; GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES; Ore Fluids; Ore Forming Processes; Concentrating Processes; Magmatic mineral deposits; Residual mineral deposits ; Placer deposits; Sedimentary mineral deposits; Metamorhogenic mineral deposits; Hydrothermal mineral deposits ; Magmatic Deposits
Cumulate deposits: fractional crystallization processes can concentrate metals (Cr, Fe, PGE, Pt, Ni, Ti, Diamond ))
Pegmatites : late staged crystallization forms pegmatites and many residual elements are concentrated (Li, Ce, Be, Sn, U, Rare Earths (REE), Feldspar, Mica, Gems).
magmatic deposits; Mode of Formation of Magmatic Ores Deposits; Mode of Formation of Orthomagmatic Ores ; Fractional Crystallization (or Crystal fractionation ); Magmatic (or Liquid ) Immiscibility; Simple crystallization without concentration (Dissemination); Segregation of early formed crystals; (Layer Types); Injection of material concentrated elsewhere by differentiation Residual liquid segregation; Residual liquid injection; Immiscible liquid segregation; Immiscible-liquid-injection; Early magmatic deposit; Late magmatic deposit; Types of Magmatic Ore Deposits:Chromite; Fe-Ti (± V) oxides; Ni – Cu – Fe (± Pt) sulfides; Platinum Group Elements (PGEs); REE, and Zr in Carbonatites; Diamond in kimberlites.Fluid inclusion in ores
Information about these fluids is an invaluable aid in mineral exploration.
Conventional academic methods of analysing fluid inclusions are too slow and tedious to be of practical application in typical mineral exploration activities.
However, the academic data from numerous studies does show that CO2 is an exceptionally important indicator when exploring for most types of gold deposit.
Because the baro-acoustic decrepitation method is a rapid and reliable method to measure CO2 contents in fluids, it can be used to study a spatial array of data and it is an invaluable and practical exploration method.
Measurements of temperatures of fluid inclusions does not usually help in mineral exploration as hydrothermal minerals deposit over a wide temperature range and there is no specific temperature which is indicative of mineralisation. However, if temperatures are available on a large spatial array of samples, then temperature trends may be a useful exploration method to find the hottest part of the system, which is presumably the location of the best economic mineralisation. Baro-acoustic decrepitation is the most practical method to determine temperatures of the large numbers of samples required.
Salinities of fluid inclusions are of limited use in exploration and are difficult to measure. However, they can be used to recognise intrusion related hydrothermal systems.
Fluid inclusion
Fluid inclusion are tiny bubbles trapped in a mineral.
They are upto 10 micron in size.
Ore bearing fluids
Minerals are formed by changes in chemical energy in systems which contain one fluid or vapor phase. In nature, minerals are formed by crystallisation or precipitation from concentrated solutions. These solutions are called as ore-bearing fluids. Ore-bearing fluids are characterised by high concentration of certain metallic or other elements.
Fluids are the most effective agents for the transport of material in the mantle and the Earth's crust.
Metallogenic Epoch and Province
Metallogenic Epoch and Province
Metallogenetic Epochs
Metallogenetic epochs, as defined above, are specific periods characterised by formation of large number of mineral deposits. It does not mean that all the mineral deposits formed during a definite metallogenetic epochs. In India the chief metallogenetic epochs were:
1. Precambrian
2. Late Palaeozoic
3. Late Mesozoic to Early Tertiary
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Economic geology - Metallogeny and plate tectonics
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Lecture 10 textures of ore deposits and associated features
Lecture 10 textures of ore deposits and associated featuresGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
Texture of Ore Minerals; Importance of Studying Textures; Individual Grains Properties; Filling of voids; Texture Types; Genetically differentiated between Texture types; Secondary textures from replacement; Hypogene Texture; Supergene Texture; Primary texture formed from Melts; Primary texture of open-space deposition; Secondary textures from cooling; Secondary textures from deformation; TEXTURES OF ECONOMIC ORE DEPOSITS; Textures of Magmatic ores; Cumulus textures; Intergranular or intercumulus textures; Exsolution textures; Textures of hydrothermal ore deposits and skarns; Replacement textures; Open space filling textures; Textures characteristic of surfacial or near surface environments and processes; Criteria for identifying replacement textures; Vein and Veining have different Nature FeaturesINDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF MINERALS AND ROCKS.pdf
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF MINERALS AND ROCKS.pdfGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF MINERALS AND ROCKS: APPLICATIONS AND USES OF THE NATURAL STONES. EXAMPLES: Calcium Carbonate Minerals, Magnesium Carbonate Minerals, Calcium Sulfate Minerals, Silica Material-Sand & Sandstone Rocks, Clay Minerals, Vermiculite Minerals, Bauxite, Phosphate Rocks, Olivine Group Minerals, Feldspar and Feldspathoid Minerals, Fluorite, Talc, Asbestos, Graphite, Garnet Group Minerals, Sulfur Minerals, Salt (Sodium Chlorite)ESSENTIALS OF IRON ORE DEPOSITS and INDUSTRIES.pdf
ESSENTIALS OF IRON ORE DEPOSITS and INDUSTRIES.pdfGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
The objectives of this course in iron ore Resources and iron industry are:
i) acquainting students (majors and non-majors) with the basic tools necessary for studying iron ore deposits and processes,
ii) different processes for phosphorus removal from iron ore
iii) beneficiation processes of iron ore deposits.
iv) different processes and techniques that used to enrichment low-grade iron ore resources
v) understanding the different ironwork processes and technology,
vi) understanding the different types of iron ore products,
vii) prominent routes for steelmaking
viii) understanding the relationship between the distribution of iron ore and scrap, as well as steelmarkets,
ix) steel industry in Egypt , and
x) gaining some knowledge of the global iron ore as well as environmental problems associated with the extraction and utilization of iron ore resources.More Related Content
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Fluid inclusion in ores
Information about these fluids is an invaluable aid in mineral exploration.
Conventional academic methods of analysing fluid inclusions are too slow and tedious to be of practical application in typical mineral exploration activities.
However, the academic data from numerous studies does show that CO2 is an exceptionally important indicator when exploring for most types of gold deposit.
Because the baro-acoustic decrepitation method is a rapid and reliable method to measure CO2 contents in fluids, it can be used to study a spatial array of data and it is an invaluable and practical exploration method.
Measurements of temperatures of fluid inclusions does not usually help in mineral exploration as hydrothermal minerals deposit over a wide temperature range and there is no specific temperature which is indicative of mineralisation. However, if temperatures are available on a large spatial array of samples, then temperature trends may be a useful exploration method to find the hottest part of the system, which is presumably the location of the best economic mineralisation. Baro-acoustic decrepitation is the most practical method to determine temperatures of the large numbers of samples required.
Salinities of fluid inclusions are of limited use in exploration and are difficult to measure. However, they can be used to recognise intrusion related hydrothermal systems.
Fluid inclusion
Fluid inclusion are tiny bubbles trapped in a mineral.
They are upto 10 micron in size.
Ore bearing fluids
Minerals are formed by changes in chemical energy in systems which contain one fluid or vapor phase. In nature, minerals are formed by crystallisation or precipitation from concentrated solutions. These solutions are called as ore-bearing fluids. Ore-bearing fluids are characterised by high concentration of certain metallic or other elements.
Fluids are the most effective agents for the transport of material in the mantle and the Earth's crust.
Metallogenic Epoch and Province
Metallogenic Epoch and Province
Metallogenetic Epochs
Metallogenetic epochs, as defined above, are specific periods characterised by formation of large number of mineral deposits. It does not mean that all the mineral deposits formed during a definite metallogenetic epochs. In India the chief metallogenetic epochs were:
1. Precambrian
2. Late Palaeozoic
3. Late Mesozoic to Early Tertiary
Wall Rock Alteration
A presentation on Hydrothermal wall rock alteration with case studies on geophysical applications.
References : https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/16VSZMPMASMNVB47JdBUa_7udBk1qvK2U?usp=sharing
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A presentation on the topic of Oxidation-Supergene Enrichment of Sulfide ore deposits.
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More from Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF MINERALS AND ROCKS.pdf
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF MINERALS AND ROCKS.pdfGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF MINERALS AND ROCKS: APPLICATIONS AND USES OF THE NATURAL STONES. EXAMPLES: Calcium Carbonate Minerals, Magnesium Carbonate Minerals, Calcium Sulfate Minerals, Silica Material-Sand & Sandstone Rocks, Clay Minerals, Vermiculite Minerals, Bauxite, Phosphate Rocks, Olivine Group Minerals, Feldspar and Feldspathoid Minerals, Fluorite, Talc, Asbestos, Graphite, Garnet Group Minerals, Sulfur Minerals, Salt (Sodium Chlorite)ESSENTIALS OF IRON ORE DEPOSITS and INDUSTRIES.pdf
ESSENTIALS OF IRON ORE DEPOSITS and INDUSTRIES.pdfGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
The objectives of this course in iron ore Resources and iron industry are:
i) acquainting students (majors and non-majors) with the basic tools necessary for studying iron ore deposits and processes,
ii) different processes for phosphorus removal from iron ore
iii) beneficiation processes of iron ore deposits.
iv) different processes and techniques that used to enrichment low-grade iron ore resources
v) understanding the different ironwork processes and technology,
vi) understanding the different types of iron ore products,
vii) prominent routes for steelmaking
viii) understanding the relationship between the distribution of iron ore and scrap, as well as steelmarkets,
ix) steel industry in Egypt , and
x) gaining some knowledge of the global iron ore as well as environmental problems associated with the extraction and utilization of iron ore resources.Minerals phase transformation by hydrogen reduction.pdf
Minerals phase transformation by hydrogen reduction.pdfGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
There are plenty of hard-to-beneficiate iron ores and high-grade tailings in India and all over the world; As the volume of high-grade iron ores declines.
Minerals phase transformation by hydrogen reduction (MPTH) can efficiently revitalize hard-to-beneficiate iron ore resources and tailings, turning the waste into profitable products. It may also improve the concentrate quality comparing to that from the previous method. From the economic and environmental aspects, MPTH is the most effective method to recover iron oxides.
The clean minerals phase transformation by hydrogen reduction (MPTH) was proposed.
Industrial utilization of limonite/goethite, limonite-hematite, sulfur-bearing refractory iron ore was achieved, where Sulfur-bearing minerals decomposed or formed sulfate after oxidation roasting.
Sulfur content of iron ore concentrate was significantly reduced to 0.038 %.
Magnetization Roasting of Refractory Iron.pdf
Magnetization Roasting of Refractory Iron.pdfGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
Improving utilization efficiency of refractory iron ore resources is a common theme for the sustainable development of the world’s steel and iron industry.
Magnetization Roasting is considered as an effective and typical method for the beneficiation of refractory iron ores.
After magnetization roasting, the weakly magnetic iron minerals, including hematite, limonite and siderite, are selectively reduced or oxidized to ferromagnetic magnetite, which is relatively easier to enrich by Magnetic Separation after liberation pretreatments.
The Primary Magnetization Roasting Methods include: Shaft Furnace Roasting, Rotary Kiln Roasting, Fluidized Bed Roasting, and Microwave assisted roasting. The developments in magnetization roasting of difficult to treat iron ores, including: Shaft Furnace Roasting, Rotary Kiln Roasting, Fluidized Bed Roasting, and Microwave Assisted Roasting in the Past Decade.
Shaft Furnace Roasting is gradually eliminated due to its high energy consumption and low industrial processing capacity, and the primary problem for rotary kiln roasting is the kiln coating which affects the yield of iron resource and its industrial application.
Fluidized Bed Roasting and Microwave assisted roasting are considered as the most effective and promising methods.
Suspension (Fluidized) Magnetization Roasting is recognized as the most effective and promising technology due to its high reaction efficiency, low energy consumption and large processing capacity. Moreover, an industrial production line with a throughput of 1.65 million t/a for beneficiation of a specularite ore has been built.
Microwave Assisted Roasting is a potential alternative technology for magnetizing iron ores. However, it is currently limited to laboratory research and has no industrial application. Forwarding microwave assisted magnetization roasting methods into industrial applications needs long way and time to achieve.
Furthermore, using biomass, H2 or siderite as a reducing agent in the magnetic reduction roasting of iron ores is a beneficial way to reduce carbon emissions, which can be called clean and green magnetization roasting technology.
In the future, technical research on clean and green magnetization roasting should be strengthened. Maybe microwave magnetization roasting using biomass/H2/siderite as reductant can be further studied for a more effective and greener magnetization of iron ores.GLOBAL IRON ORE.pdf
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Market Analysis and Insights
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Outlook for DR grade pellet supply‐demand out to 2030
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Ferrous Scrap FUTURE.pdf
scrap is the main raw material, is growing in the structure of global steelmaking capacities; SCARP/ RECYCLING IRON ; EAF steel production method in the world; Scrap for Stock; A Global Scrap Shortage; Availability of Ferrous Scrap Resources; EGYPT IRON SCRAP IMPORTS.
Pelletizing Process.pdf
The iron ore production has significantly expanded in recent years, owing to increasing steel demands in developing countries.
However, the content of iron in ore deposits has deteriorated and low-grade iron ore has been processed.
The fine ores resulting from the concentration process must be agglomerated for use in iron and steelmaking.
Bentonite is the most used binder due to favorable mechanical and metallurgical pellet properties, but it contains impurities especially silica and alumina.
Better quality wet, dry, preheated, and fired pellets can be produced with combined binders, such as organic and inorganic salts, when compared with bentonite-bonded pellets.
While organic binders provide sufficient wet and dry pellet strengths, inorganic salts provide the required preheated and fired pellet strengths.
Direct Reduced Iron-Production.pdf
The industrial development program of any country, by and large, is based on its natural resources.
Currently the majority of the world’s steel is produced through either one of the two main routes: i) the integrated Blast Furnace – Basic Oxygen Furnace (BF – BOF) route or ii) the Direct Reduced Iron - Electric Arc Furnace (DRI - EAF) route.
Depleting resources of coking coal, the world over, is posing a threat to the conventional (Blast Furnace [Bf]–Basic Oxygen Furnace [BOF]) route of iron and steelmaking.
During the last four decades, a new route of ironmaking has rapidly developed for Direct Reduction (DR) of iron ore to metallic iron by using noncoking coal/natural gas.
This product is known as Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) or Sponge Iron.
Processes that produce iron by reduction of iron ore (in solid state) below the melting point are generally classified as DR processes.
Based on the types of reductant used, DR processes can be broadly classified into two groups: (1) coal-based DR process and (2) gas-based DR process.
Details of DR processes, reoxidation, storage, transportation, and application of DRI are discussed in this presentation.
This presentation reviews the different DR processes used to produce Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), providing an analysis on the quality requirements of iron-bearing ores for use in these processes. The presentation also discusses the environmental sustainability of such processes. DR processes reduce iron ore in its solid state by the use of either natural gas or coal as reducing agents, and they have a comparative advantage of low capital costs, low emissions and production flexibility over the BF process.
A REVIEW OF IRONMAKING BY DIRECT REDUCTION PROCESSES.pdf
A REVIEW OF IRONMAKING BY DIRECT REDUCTION PROCESSES.pdfGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
Currently the majority of the world’s steel is produced through either one of the two main routes: i) the integrated Blast Furnace – Basic Oxygen Furnace (BF – BOF) route or ii) the Direct Reduced Iron - Electric Arc Furnace (DRI - EAF) route.
In the former, the blast furnace uses iron ore, scrap metal, coke and pulverized coal as raw materials to produce hot metal for conversion in the BOF. Although it is still the prevalent process, blast furnace hot metal production has declined over the years due to diminishing quality of metallurgical coke, low supply of scrap metal and environmental problems associated with the process. These factors have contributed to the development of alternative technologies of ironmaking, of which Direct Reduction (DR) processes are expected to emerge as preferred alternatives in the future.
This presentation reviews the different DR processes used to produce Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), providing an analysis on the quality requirements of iron-bearing ores for use in these processes. The presentation also discusses the environmental sustainability of such processes. DR processes reduce iron ore in its solid state by the use of either natural gas or coal as reducing agents, and they have a comparative advantage of low capital costs, low emissions and production flexibility over the BF process.
IRONWORKS.pdf
Ironmaking represents the first step in steelmaking.
The iron and steel industry is the most energy-intensive and capital-intensive manufacturing sector in the world (Strezov, 2006).
Steelmaking processes depend on different forms of iron as primary feed material. Traditionally, the main sources of iron for making steel were Blast Furnace hot metal and recycled steel in the form of scrap.
The Blast Furnace (BF) has remained the workhorse of worldwide virgin iron production (i.e., hot metal) for more than 200 years. Over the years, BFs have evolved into highly efficient chemical reactors, capable of providing stable operation with a wide range of feed materials.
However, operation of modern efficient BFs normally involves sintering and coke making and their associated environmental problems.
More than 90% of iron is currently produced via the BF process, while the rest is coming from Direct Reduction (DR) processes, Mini Blast Furnaces (MBFs), Corex, Finex, Ausmelt, etc. Additionally, the severe shortage of good-quality metallurgical coal has remained an additional constraint all over the world. In view of this, there is an increasing awareness that the BF route needs to be supplemented with alternative ironmaking processes that are more environment friendly and less dependent on metallurgical coal.
ENRICHMENT IRON BY REDUCTION ROASTING-MAGNETIC SEPARATION.pdf
ENRICHMENT IRON BY REDUCTION ROASTING-MAGNETIC SEPARATION.pdfGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
Because of the rapid depletion of easily processed iron ores, the utilization of refractory ores has attracted increasing attention .
There several billion tonnes iron deposits, and most are refractory ores, which are difficult to process by conventional methods because of the low iron grade, fine grain size and complex mineralogy.
The beneficiation of low-grade iron ores to meet the growing demand for iron and steel is an important research topic.
At present, magnetization roasting followed by magnetic separation is one of the most effective technologies for the beneficiation of refractory iron ores.
However, certain ores do not qualify to be treated in physical separation processes, and hence, alternative strategies are being looked into for upgrading their iron content.
Reduction roasting has many advantages over the physical beneficiation process, such as enhanced iron recovery and processing of complex and poorly liberated iron ores.
The objective of this presentation is to compile and amalgamate the crucial information regarding the beneficiation of low-grade iron ores using carbothermic reduction followed by magnetic separation, which is a promising technique to treat iron ores with complex mineralogy and liberation issues.
Reduction roasting studies done for different types low-grade iron ores including oolitic iron ores, banded iron ores, iron ore slimes and tailings, and industrial wastes have been discussed.
Reduction roasting followed by magnetic separation is a promising method to recover the iron values from low-grade iron ores.
The process involves the reduction of the goethite and hematite phases to magnetite, which can subsequently be recovered using a low-intensity magnetic separation unit.
The large-scale technological advancements in reduction roasting and the possibilities of the application of alternative reductants as substitutes for coal have also been highlighted.
Processes for phosphorus removal from iron ore -.pdf
Processes for phosphorus removal from iron ore -.pdfGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
This presentation aims at insight light on the occurrence of phosphorus in iron ores from the mines around the world.
The presentation extends to the phosphorus removal processes of this mineral to meet the specifications of the steel industry.
Phosphorus is a contaminant that can be hard to remove, especially when one does not know its mode of occurrence in the ores.
Phosphorus can be removed from iron ore by very different routes of treatment. The genesis of the reserve, the mineralogy, the cost and sustainability define the technology to be applied.
The presentations surveyed cite removal by physical processes (flotation and selective agglomeration), chemical (leaching), thermal and bioleaching processes.
Removal results of above 90% and less than 0.05% residual phosphorus are noticed, which is the maximum value required in most of the products generated in the processing of iron ore.
Chinese studies show that the direct reduction roasting of high phosphorus oolitic hematite followed by magnetic separation is reality technical solutions to improve the recovery of metallic iron and dephosphorization rate.
For ores with widespread phosphorus in the iron matrix and low release, thermal or mixed processes are closer to reality technical solutions. Due to their higher operating costs, it will be necessary to rethink the processes of sintering and pelletizing, such that these operations also become phosphorus removal steps.
With the exhaustive processing of the known reserves of hematite from Iron Ore Quadrangle (Minas Gerais-Brazil), there will be no shortage of granules in the not too distant future. THEREFORE, THERE IS AN EXPECTATION THAT THE ORE MINED WILL HAVE HIGHER LEVELS OF PHOSPHORUS.
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Cv english-harraz
Geological consultant, working in a range of roles from project development/feasibility study programs and advanced exploration roles. Contracts in a variety of global locations including Egypt, Saudi Arab, and the Middle East. Commodities including Gold, base metal sulfide, Gossan/Supergene, heavy mineral sands, clay/kaolin, Silica Sand, and iron ore.
Rodruin prospecting area conf
Exploration in Deep Weathering Profiles, Supergene, R-mode factor analysis; Multi-element association geochemistry; Assessment of Au-Zn potentiality in Gossan; Rodruin-Egypt
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Garnet group of minerals is one of the important group of minerals.
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Topic 2 classification of mineral deposits
- 1. Lecture 2: CLASSIFICATIONS OF MINERAL DEPOSITS Prof. Dr. Hassan Z. Harraz Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University hharraz2006@yahoo.com Spring 2020
- 3. 3
- 4. Magmatic ore processes Hydrothermal ore processes 4
- 5. 5
- 6. Historical Perspective & Different Classifications: 6
- 7. Note: ➢No two ore deposits are the same! ➢Ore deposits classified by Evans (1997) into broad classes namely: syngenetic and epigenetic 7
- 8. Classification of Ore Deposits (Evans, 1997) 8
- 9. Classification of Ore Deposits 9
- 10. Classification of Ore Deposits (Cont.) 10
- 11. Classification of Ore Deposits (Cont.) 11
- 12. ORE DEPOSIT TYPES AND MODELS 12
- 13. 13
- 14. Follow me on Social Media http://facebook.com/hzharraz http://www.slideshare.net/hzharraz https://www.linkedin.com/in/hassan-harraz-3172b235