Sedimentary environments
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The document discusses various continental and transitional sedimentary environments including floodplains, alluvial fans, glacial deposits, eolian deposits, dunes, playa lakes, beaches, tidal flats, spits, bars, barrier islands, lagoons and deltas. It also covers sedimentary facies and structures such as bedding planes, cross bedding, graded bedding, ripple marks and mud cracks.
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Depositional environments
This document summarizes various depositional environments including aeolian, fluvial, shallow marine/shoreline, deltaic, deep marine, and carbonates. For each environment, it describes the typical facies/depositional areas, geometries, trends, and potential reservoir and seal facies. The environments represent both clastic and carbonate depositional systems across continental, transitional, and marine settings.
Less Common Sedimentary Rocks
Chert is a form of quartz that occurs in sedimentary rocks, usually in discontinuous beds or nodules. It can form biologically from siliciclastic rocks or diagenetically from carbonates. Coal forms from plant debris in association with some siliciclastic rocks. It can have banded or non-banded textures reflecting its organic compound content. Coal rank depends on the degree of metamorphism, with increasing rank containing more energy per volume. Evaporites form through chemical precipitation in restricted basins where evaporation exceeds precipitation, leaving behind minerals like gypsum, halite, and sulfates.
Transitional Environments
The document discusses various transitional depositional environments between continental and marine settings. It describes deltas, lagoons, estuaries, tidal flats, and barriers. Deltas form where rivers enter standing bodies of water, and can be classified as river-dominated, tide-dominated, or wave-dominated based on dominant processes. Estuaries are drowned river valleys influenced by both freshwater and seawater. Lagoons are coastal bodies of water separated from the ocean by barriers, and can be choked, restricted, or leaky depending on water exchange. The key difference between estuaries and lagoons is that estuaries have faster water flow while lagoons have more sluggish flow
Classification of Marine Depositional Environment
The document classifies and describes four major marine depositional environments:
1) The continental shelf is a gently sloping edge where sediments ranging from coarse sand to clays wash off the continent. Coral reefs or carbonate muds may also dominate.
2) The continental slope is a more steeply sloping edge below the shelf, with fine silts and clays.
3) The continental rise is a fan-shaped deposit at the base of the slope containing turbidites from turbidity currents, with sands, silts and clays.
4) The abyssal plain is the deep ocean floor, flat and covered by fine-grained sediments like clay and shells of microorganisms
Depositional environments
The document discusses various depositional environments and their diagnostic criteria. It describes fluvial, aeolian, lacustrine, and glacial environments. Fluvial environments include features like meandering rivers, levees, and crevasse splays. Aeolian environments are characterized by dune types and loess deposits. Lacustrine deposits show rhythmic bedding and contain fossils. Glacial environments involve ice transport and deposition of unsorted sediments. Diagnostic criteria allow identifying depositional environments based on structures, fossils, and sediment characteristics.
DEPOSITIONAL_ENVIRONMENTS_Lesson_07
This presentation has animations that require that it be viewed in PowerPoint "Slideshow" mode for best effect…
Sedimentary environments
The document summarizes various sedimentary environments including terrestrial, coastal/marginal marine, and marine settings. It describes key characteristics of fluvial, eolian desert, lacustrine, paludal, deltaic, beach/barrier island, estuarine, lagoonal, tidal flat, continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, and abyssal plain environments. Sedimentary rocks form under unique physical, chemical, and biological conditions that are determined by factors like water depth, energy levels, sediment sources, and biological activity in each depositional environment.
Wacke ( graywacke)
Graywacke, also known as wacke, is a type of sandstone that is composed of sand mixed with mud. It forms in deep ocean waters through turbidity currents and submarine landslides that rapidly transport sediment short distances. Graywacke contains a higher percentage of clay and less rounded grains than typical sandstone. It displays graded bedding from larger grains settling out first during deposition from turbidity events. Fossils can occasionally be found that provide clues about the depositional environment.
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Depositional environments
This document summarizes various depositional environments including aeolian, fluvial, shallow marine/shoreline, deltaic, deep marine, and carbonates. For each environment, it describes the typical facies/depositional areas, geometries, trends, and potential reservoir and seal facies. The environments represent both clastic and carbonate depositional systems across continental, transitional, and marine settings.
Less Common Sedimentary Rocks
Chert is a form of quartz that occurs in sedimentary rocks, usually in discontinuous beds or nodules. It can form biologically from siliciclastic rocks or diagenetically from carbonates. Coal forms from plant debris in association with some siliciclastic rocks. It can have banded or non-banded textures reflecting its organic compound content. Coal rank depends on the degree of metamorphism, with increasing rank containing more energy per volume. Evaporites form through chemical precipitation in restricted basins where evaporation exceeds precipitation, leaving behind minerals like gypsum, halite, and sulfates.
Transitional Environments
The document discusses various transitional depositional environments between continental and marine settings. It describes deltas, lagoons, estuaries, tidal flats, and barriers. Deltas form where rivers enter standing bodies of water, and can be classified as river-dominated, tide-dominated, or wave-dominated based on dominant processes. Estuaries are drowned river valleys influenced by both freshwater and seawater. Lagoons are coastal bodies of water separated from the ocean by barriers, and can be choked, restricted, or leaky depending on water exchange. The key difference between estuaries and lagoons is that estuaries have faster water flow while lagoons have more sluggish flow
Classification of Marine Depositional Environment
The document classifies and describes four major marine depositional environments:
1) The continental shelf is a gently sloping edge where sediments ranging from coarse sand to clays wash off the continent. Coral reefs or carbonate muds may also dominate.
2) The continental slope is a more steeply sloping edge below the shelf, with fine silts and clays.
3) The continental rise is a fan-shaped deposit at the base of the slope containing turbidites from turbidity currents, with sands, silts and clays.
4) The abyssal plain is the deep ocean floor, flat and covered by fine-grained sediments like clay and shells of microorganisms
Depositional environments
The document discusses various depositional environments and their diagnostic criteria. It describes fluvial, aeolian, lacustrine, and glacial environments. Fluvial environments include features like meandering rivers, levees, and crevasse splays. Aeolian environments are characterized by dune types and loess deposits. Lacustrine deposits show rhythmic bedding and contain fossils. Glacial environments involve ice transport and deposition of unsorted sediments. Diagnostic criteria allow identifying depositional environments based on structures, fossils, and sediment characteristics.
DEPOSITIONAL_ENVIRONMENTS_Lesson_07
This presentation has animations that require that it be viewed in PowerPoint "Slideshow" mode for best effect…
Sedimentary environments
The document summarizes various sedimentary environments including terrestrial, coastal/marginal marine, and marine settings. It describes key characteristics of fluvial, eolian desert, lacustrine, paludal, deltaic, beach/barrier island, estuarine, lagoonal, tidal flat, continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, and abyssal plain environments. Sedimentary rocks form under unique physical, chemical, and biological conditions that are determined by factors like water depth, energy levels, sediment sources, and biological activity in each depositional environment.
Wacke ( graywacke)
Graywacke, also known as wacke, is a type of sandstone that is composed of sand mixed with mud. It forms in deep ocean waters through turbidity currents and submarine landslides that rapidly transport sediment short distances. Graywacke contains a higher percentage of clay and less rounded grains than typical sandstone. It displays graded bedding from larger grains settling out first during deposition from turbidity events. Fossils can occasionally be found that provide clues about the depositional environment.
Marginal marine depositional environments
This document discusses marginal marine depositional environments including deltas, beaches, barrier island systems, and estuaries. Deltas form where rivers enter standing bodies of water, depositing topset, foreset, and bottomset beds. Beaches have foreshores, backshores, and berms that change with seasons. Barrier islands are long and narrow, separated from the mainland by lagoons. Estuaries are coastal waters where rivers meet the sea, and can be wave-dominated or tide-dominated based on wave and tidal energy influences on sediment transport.
Sedimentry environments
This document describes various sedimentary environments including continental, transitional, marine, and others. Continental environments include alluvium deposited by rivers, aeolian sediments deposited by wind, fluvial sediments from streams and rivers, and lacustrine sediments from lakes. Marginal marine environments along the shore include beaches, barrier islands, lagoons, estuaries, and tidal flats. Marine environments discussed are the continental shelf, reefs, continental slope, continental rise, and abyssal plain. Characteristics of sediments and deposition in each environment are provided.
Continental depositional environment
This document summarizes different depositional environments, including continental, transitional, and marine settings. It focuses on continental environments like fluvial and glacial systems. Fluvial environments include braided rivers, meandering rivers, and alluvial fans. Braided rivers contain bars that shift positions. Meandering rivers form point bars on the insides of bends. Alluvial fans are triangular deposits at the base of mountains. Glacial environments include tills deposited directly by glaciers and moraines that form ridges along glacier margins. Transitional environments include coastal plains and deltas. Marine environments involve deposition further offshore.
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1. Carbonate sediments originate on land and in the sea in three major settings: continental, transitional between land and sea, and shallow and deep sea.
2. Marine carbonate depositional systems differ from siliciclastic systems in important ways relevant to sequence stratigraphy.
3. Non-marine carbonates form in terrestrial and aquatic environments without marine influence through abiotic and biotic precipitation processes and differ from marine carbonates.
Sedimentary rocks and structures
Sedimentary structures and features described in the document include graded bedding, ripple marks, cross-bedding, mudcracks, burrows, and sole structures. Sedimentary rocks mentioned include sandstone, shale, limestone, dolomite, coal, evaporites such as halite and gypsum, and breccia. Breccia forms from accumulation of angular rock fragments and can be distinguished from conglomerate based on the roundness of fragments.
Sediments transportation
Sediment transportation is an important process in estuary ecology. Sediment sources include land clearing, road building, in-stream disturbances, and other human activities. Sediment sizes range from clay to gravel and affect transport mechanisms. Cohesionless sediments like sand are transported as bedload or in suspension, forming bed features. Finer sediments exhibit cohesion, affecting transport. Sedimentation impacts flora and fauna by increasing turbidity, smothering habitats, and altering water chemistry. Actions to reduce sedimentation include stabilizing lands, maintaining vegetation, and managing runoff.
Sedimentary depositional environments
This document discusses different sedimentary environments including terrestrial, marginal marine, and marine settings. Terrestrial environments include fluvial systems like braided rivers and meandering streams, alluvial fans, glacial deposits, lacustrine environments, and aeolian deposits in deserts. Marginal marine environments are located along the continental boundary and include beaches, barrier islands, lagoons, estuaries, and tidal flats. Marine environments discussed are coral reefs, continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, and abyssal plain. Different sedimentary structures form in each environment providing clues to depositional conditions.
Geology
The document describes several types of rocks.
1) Shale is a dark gray, compacted sedimentary rock formed in a river in California.
2) Rhyolite is a light pink or gray igneous rock over 1.5 million years old that will eventually become sedimentary.
3) Slate is a dark gray to black metamorphic rock formed under high temperature and pressure deep in the earth.
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The document discusses coastal systems and their components, processes, and landforms. It describes how oceans are composed of salts dissolved in water and atmospheric gases. Coastal systems are influenced by solar energy, winds, tides, waves, and longshore currents which cause erosion, sediment transport, and deposition. This shapes various coastal landforms like wave-cut platforms, beaches, barrier islands, and reefs. It also describes biological factors like coral reefs and coastal wetlands that provide habitat but are threatened by climate change and development.
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The types and abundances of igneous rocks found are closely related to their tectonic setting. Basalt and gabbro are most common at divergent plate boundaries like ocean ridges, while rhyolite and granite are found more within continental interiors. Convergent plate boundaries produce andesitic and rhyolitic volcanoes along with intrusions of diorite and granite. The compositions of magmas range from mafic to felsic depending on the tectonic setting, source rock composition, assimilation, differentiation over time, and other factors. Common volcanic features include shield volcanoes, cinder cones, composite volcanoes, and calderas.
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Deltaic Systems
Deltaic systems form where rivers enter standing bodies of water. They include a mixture of fluvial and marine processes. Deltas can be recognized by thick accumulations of terrigenous sediment that interfinger with fluvial deposits inland and marine deposits basinward. As river flow enters standing water, it loses velocity and deposits coarse material in channel-mouth bars, diverting multiple smaller channels that build the delta outward. Estuarine systems form in drowned river valleys during marine transgression or early regression, and are dominated by fluvial and tidal processes on a smaller scale than deltas.
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This document provides information on carbonate systems, including their formation processes, modern and ancient settings, controlling factors, and sedimentary facies. Carbonate sediment is formed through biological processes controlled by factors like temperature, salinity, and clastic sediment influx. Modern carbonates are found in warm-water, cool-water, and pelagic settings. Ancient carbonates developed on flooded continental shelves during high sea levels. Carbonate platforms, ramps, reefs, and other depositional environments are described.
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Lacustrine
This document discusses lacustrine facies and lake sedimentation. It describes how factors like lake size, basin shape, climate, and tectonics control lacustrine sedimentation. Lacustrine facies can include sand, mud, carbonates, and evaporites. Characteristics are discussed like stratification in the water column, different facies like shoreline and delta deposits, and characteristics of lake deposits like thin bedding and rare fossils. Overall it provides an overview of the factors that influence lake sedimentation and the types of facies and deposits that can form in lacustrine environments.
Field assignment part 1
The Chesapeake Bay was formed when rising sea levels flooded the Susquehanna River valley around 10,000 years ago. Parts of the bay contain cliffs composed of deposits from receding waters millions of years ago that are famous for fossilized shark teeth. The bay is generally shallow with an average depth of 21 feet, including tributaries, and over 24% is less than 6 feet deep.
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Sedimentary facies refer to rock or sediment bodies that are distinguished by their composition, texture, structures and other features related to the depositional environment. Key aspects of facies include grain size, sorting, fossils and bedding. Individual facies represent specific depositional conditions. Multiple genetically-related facies comprise a facies association representing a depositional system. Facies successions occur at different scales from individual systems to basin-scale sequences reflecting changes in sea level over time.
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Much of the weathered debris in deserts comes from mechanical weathering like alluvial fans formed where stream slopes abruptly decrease. While chemical weathering is less common, over long periods clays and thin soils can form. Desert streams are ephemeral, only flowing after rain, and often drying up before reaching oceans due to evaporation and soil infiltration. Most desert erosion comes from running water, though wind also erodes deserts, water does the most erosional work.
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This document summarizes different depositional environments, including continental, transitional, and marine settings. It focuses on continental environments like fluvial and glacial systems. Fluvial environments include braided rivers, meandering rivers, and alluvial fans. Braided rivers contain bars that shift positions. Meandering rivers form point bars on the insides of bends. Alluvial fans are triangular deposits at the base of mountains. Glacial environments include tills deposited directly by glaciers and moraines that form ridges along glacier margins. Transitional environments include coastal plains and deltas. Marine environments involve deposition further offshore.
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation
1. Carbonate sediments originate on land and in the sea in three major settings: continental, transitional between land and sea, and shallow and deep sea.
2. Marine carbonate depositional systems differ from siliciclastic systems in important ways relevant to sequence stratigraphy.
3. Non-marine carbonates form in terrestrial and aquatic environments without marine influence through abiotic and biotic precipitation processes and differ from marine carbonates.
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Sediment transportation is an important process in estuary ecology. Sediment sources include land clearing, road building, in-stream disturbances, and other human activities. Sediment sizes range from clay to gravel and affect transport mechanisms. Cohesionless sediments like sand are transported as bedload or in suspension, forming bed features. Finer sediments exhibit cohesion, affecting transport. Sedimentation impacts flora and fauna by increasing turbidity, smothering habitats, and altering water chemistry. Actions to reduce sedimentation include stabilizing lands, maintaining vegetation, and managing runoff.
Sedimentary depositional environments
This document discusses different sedimentary environments including terrestrial, marginal marine, and marine settings. Terrestrial environments include fluvial systems like braided rivers and meandering streams, alluvial fans, glacial deposits, lacustrine environments, and aeolian deposits in deserts. Marginal marine environments are located along the continental boundary and include beaches, barrier islands, lagoons, estuaries, and tidal flats. Marine environments discussed are coral reefs, continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, and abyssal plain. Different sedimentary structures form in each environment providing clues to depositional conditions.
Geology
The document describes several types of rocks.
1) Shale is a dark gray, compacted sedimentary rock formed in a river in California.
2) Rhyolite is a light pink or gray igneous rock over 1.5 million years old that will eventually become sedimentary.
3) Slate is a dark gray to black metamorphic rock formed under high temperature and pressure deep in the earth.
Coastal
The document discusses coastal systems and their components, processes, and landforms. It describes how oceans are composed of salts dissolved in water and atmospheric gases. Coastal systems are influenced by solar energy, winds, tides, waves, and longshore currents which cause erosion, sediment transport, and deposition. This shapes various coastal landforms like wave-cut platforms, beaches, barrier islands, and reefs. It also describes biological factors like coral reefs and coastal wetlands that provide habitat but are threatened by climate change and development.
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The types and abundances of igneous rocks found are closely related to their tectonic setting. Basalt and gabbro are most common at divergent plate boundaries like ocean ridges, while rhyolite and granite are found more within continental interiors. Convergent plate boundaries produce andesitic and rhyolitic volcanoes along with intrusions of diorite and granite. The compositions of magmas range from mafic to felsic depending on the tectonic setting, source rock composition, assimilation, differentiation over time, and other factors. Common volcanic features include shield volcanoes, cinder cones, composite volcanoes, and calderas.
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Blake Murphy observed the geology around Secret Beach in Lake Tahoe. Lake Tahoe formed over millions of years as the Sierra Nevada mountains uplifted. Glaciers eroded the granite and other igneous and metamorphic rocks that make up the mountains and basin. Sedimentary rocks like sandstone also formed around the lake. Today, human impacts are decreasing water quality and clarity in Lake Tahoe as well as reducing habitats for black bears and other wildlife.
Deltaic Systems
Deltaic systems form where rivers enter standing bodies of water. They include a mixture of fluvial and marine processes. Deltas can be recognized by thick accumulations of terrigenous sediment that interfinger with fluvial deposits inland and marine deposits basinward. As river flow enters standing water, it loses velocity and deposits coarse material in channel-mouth bars, diverting multiple smaller channels that build the delta outward. Estuarine systems form in drowned river valleys during marine transgression or early regression, and are dominated by fluvial and tidal processes on a smaller scale than deltas.
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Carbonate Depositional Systems
This document provides information on carbonate systems, including their formation processes, modern and ancient settings, controlling factors, and sedimentary facies. Carbonate sediment is formed through biological processes controlled by factors like temperature, salinity, and clastic sediment influx. Modern carbonates are found in warm-water, cool-water, and pelagic settings. Ancient carbonates developed on flooded continental shelves during high sea levels. Carbonate platforms, ramps, reefs, and other depositional environments are described.
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This document provides an overview of a lecture series on clastic depositional systems and their response to changes in base level. It describes the three main types of depositional systems - terrestrial, transitional, and marine. For marine systems, it focuses on coastal systems like wave-dominated coasts, tide-dominated coasts, and river-dominated deltas. It discusses the characteristics and facies of these coastal systems, and how they respond to changes in sea level. Diagrams and photos are provided as examples.
Reeffacies ppt
The document describes a depth transect study of a Upper Triassic barrier reef from Gosau, Austria. It identifies five classic reef zones - fore reef, reef front, reef crest, back reef, and lagoon - based on fossil assemblages and sedimentology. Each zone exhibits distinct microfacies characteristics relating to the abundance of sediments, cements, corals, sponges, and microbial fabrics. In particular, the study finds strong depth control on the distribution of bioconstructors and reef community ecology.
Lacustrine
This document discusses lacustrine facies and lake sedimentation. It describes how factors like lake size, basin shape, climate, and tectonics control lacustrine sedimentation. Lacustrine facies can include sand, mud, carbonates, and evaporites. Characteristics are discussed like stratification in the water column, different facies like shoreline and delta deposits, and characteristics of lake deposits like thin bedding and rare fossils. Overall it provides an overview of the factors that influence lake sedimentation and the types of facies and deposits that can form in lacustrine environments.
Field assignment part 1
The Chesapeake Bay was formed when rising sea levels flooded the Susquehanna River valley around 10,000 years ago. Parts of the bay contain cliffs composed of deposits from receding waters millions of years ago that are famous for fossilized shark teeth. The bay is generally shallow with an average depth of 21 feet, including tributaries, and over 24% is less than 6 feet deep.
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This document discusses sedimentary rocks and how they provide clues about past environments. Sedimentary rocks form from the compaction and cementation of sediments like weathered minerals, chemical precipitates, and organic remains. Key clues used to interpret depositional environments include sediment size and shape, mineral composition, sedimentary structures like ripples and cross-bedding, fossils, color, geometry of rock units, and cyclical sequences indicating sea level changes. Together these clues can be used to map facies and reconstruct prehistoric landscapes through the principles of uniformitarianism and lateral continuity.
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Earth Science (Kebumian) Material with English Language
this is Sedimentary ROck Environment only for Secondary High School Learning or for people want to teach earth science
Sedimentary rocks bs 1st year
Sedimentary rocks form from the compaction and cementation of sediments. There are three main types: detrital (clastic) rocks that form from lithified rock fragments and minerals, chemical rocks that precipitate directly from solution, and organic rocks that accumulate from biological debris. Sedimentary rocks provide clues about past environments and climates based on their composition, structures like cross-bedding and ripples, and any fossil content. Important resources like coal and oil are also found within sedimentary basins.
Education 87_18G5EC3_2020121104273423.ppt
The document discusses glaciers and glaciation. It describes how glaciers form from compacted snow and flow over land under their own weight. Glaciers cover around 10% of Earth's surface today, occurring in places like Greenland, Antarctica, and mountain ranges. The document outlines different types of glaciers and how glaciers can erode landforms through processes like plucking, abrasion, and bulldozing. Glaciers can deposit sediments in the form of till, outwash, moraines, kames, eskers, and other landforms as they melt. The cyclic advance and retreat of ice sheets over geological time, including multiple glacial and interglacial periods in the Pleistocene
TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS.ppt
This document describes various sedimentary environments including continental, marine, and transitional environments. Continental environments include fluvial, lacustrine, paludal, glacial, and desert. Marine environments include shallow marine environments like reefs and continental shelves as well as deep marine environments like continental slopes, rises, and abyssal plains. Transitional environments are at the transition between land and sea and include deltas, tidal flats, beaches, barrier islands, and lagoons.
23.3.d sedimentary rocks ppt.ppt
The document discusses sedimentary rocks, describing their formation from weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks. Sediment is transported via water or wind and sorted by size into gravel, sand, silt, or clay. Sediment is then deposited and may undergo lithification into sedimentary rock through compaction and cementation. The main types of sedimentary rocks are clastic (formed from fragments), chemical (formed from precipitation), and biochemical (containing organic material). Sedimentary structures provide clues about the environment of deposition, and the interpretation of these rocks can reveal information about past plate tectonic settings and conditions. Sedimentary rocks are an important source of non-metallic and energy resources.
Geological features of ice
Glaciers are masses of ice that flow over land under their own weight. They currently exist in Greenland, Antarctica, and mountain ranges. Glaciers are important for understanding past climate changes as they are sensitive to small changes in temperature and precipitation. During glacial periods, large ice sheets covered vast areas of the Earth's surface. Glaciers erode and transport material, depositing it in distinctive landforms like moraines, eskers, and drumlins. The cyclic growth and decay of glaciers over the past few million years, known as glacial and interglacial periods, has significantly impacted the Earth's landscape and climate.
Petroleum geology lab 1
Rocks are a combination of minerals that are bonded together in some way.
All rocks are made of minerals
Monomineralic- contain one mineral
Polymineralic- contain more than one mineral
Rocks are classified into three groups by how they are formed
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Glaciers
1. Glaciers are thick masses of ice that slowly flow downhill under their own weight. They help shape landscapes through erosion and deposition. The two main types are valley glaciers and ice sheets. Greenland and Antarctica have massive ice sheets.
2. Glaciers move via plastic flow and basal sliding. They accumulate ice in the accumulation zone and lose ice in the ablation zone, through melting and calving of icebergs.
3. Glaciers erode bedrock through plucking and abrasion, grinding rock into fine flour-like sediment.
Sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the lithification of sediments and include clastic rocks from weathered rock fragments, chemical rocks from mineral precipitation, and organic rocks from accumulated biological matter. Sedimentary rocks provide clues to past environments through their composition and structures, and often contain fossils that reveal the history of life. Important resources like coal and oil are found within sedimentary layers.
All about Australia
This document contains information about ingredients in chocolate, types of chocolate, weather conditions, vocabulary words related to geography, and a reading passage about touring Australia. It discusses the main ingredients in chocolate as cocoa, cocoa butter, sugar, vanilla, and milk. The three main types of chocolate are described as dark chocolate, milk chocolate, and white chocolate. Various weather conditions such as sunny, rainy, snowy, and storms are also listed.
Rocks
Igneous rocks form as magma cools and solidifies. There are different textures that form depending on the cooling rate, including aphanitic (fine-grained), phaneritic (coarse-grained), porphyritic, glassy, pyroclastic, and pegmatitic. Common igneous rocks include granite, rhyolite, obsidian, pumice, andesite, diorite, basalt, and gabbro. Sedimentary rocks form through the lithification of sediment. There are three main types - clastic sedimentary rocks like sandstone that form from cemented sediments, chemical sedimentary rocks like limestone that form from precipitation, and organic sediment
23.3.a igneous rocks ppt.ppt
This document discusses igneous rocks and the processes involved in their formation. Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma. Magma forms from the partial melting of rocks in the crust and upper mantle. The nature of magma and factors like cooling rate, silica content, and dissolved gases determine the texture and composition of the resulting igneous rock. Common igneous rocks include granite, basalt, gabbro, rhyolite and obsidian.
Levees.ppt
This document describes several sedimentary environments and features found within fluvial (river) systems. It discusses levees, point bars, and crevasse splays that form along river channels. Meandering rivers are described as having sinuous channels and associated features like point bars, oxbow lakes, and crevasse splays. When meander loops are abandoned, they form oxbow lakes filled with fine sediments.
CONTINENTAL ENVIRONMENTS.ppt
The document describes various continental sedimentary environments including rivers, lakes, swamps, glacial, and desert settings. It focuses on meandering river systems, explaining their sinuous channels and associated features like point bars, oxbow lakes, levees, crevasse splays, and floodplains. Transitional environments at the land-sea boundary are also outlined, specifically mentioning deltas, tidal flats, beaches, barrier islands and lagoons. Deltas are described in more detail, dividing them into delta plains, delta fronts, and prodeltas.
geos334alluvialbraided (1).ppt
This document describes various depositional environments and their associated facies. It discusses continental, marginal-marine, and marine environments. Within continental environments it focuses on alluvial fans, braided streams, and meandering streams. Alluvial fans are discussed in detail, including debris flow-dominated, braided, and meandering fluvial fan facies models. Braided and meandering fluvial systems are also summarized.
Chapter 6 sedimentary rocks
This document provides a summary of key concepts about sedimentary rocks and the processes involved in their formation. It discusses the main classes of sedimentary rocks including clastic, biochemical, organic, and chemical rocks. Clastic rocks are further classified based on grain size, composition, sorting, and cementation. Sedimentary structures like bedding, cross-bedding, and ripples provide clues about depositional environments. A variety of terrestrial and marine depositional environments are described where different sedimentary rock types form.
Crevasse splay.ppt
The document discusses several sedimentary environments including continental, marine, and transitional. Within continental environments, it describes fluvial features like meandering streams, point bars, crevasse splays, oxbow lakes, and levees. It also discusses aeolian dune formation, continental shelf sediments, submarine fans on the continental slope and rise, and components of a delta plain, front, and prodelta.
Meandering streams.ppt
This document describes different sedimentary environments including continental, marine, and transitional environments. Continental environments include fluvial (rivers), lacustrine (lakes), paludal (swamps), glacial, and desert. Rivers are subdivided into meandering and braided streams which form facies like point bars, oxbow lakes, levees, and crevasse splays. Transitional environments are where land and sea meet, and include deltas, tidal flats, beaches, barrier islands, and lagoons. Deltas in particular are divided into a delta plain, delta front, and prodelta.
Rocks.pptx
This document summarizes the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma either below the surface (intrusive) or above (extrusive). Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks that were changed by heat, pressure, and chemical fluids within the Earth. Examples of each rock type are provided along with brief descriptions of their characteristics and formation processes.
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Sedimentary environments
- 1. Continental environments – floodplains Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 2. Continental environments – alluvial fan Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 3. Continental environments – alluvial fan Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 4. Continental environments – glacial deposits Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 5. Continental environments – eolian deposits Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 6. Continental environments – eolian deposits Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 7. Continental environments – dunes Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 8. Continental environments – playa lakes Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 9. Transitional environments – beaches Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 10. Transitional environments – tidal flats Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 11. Transitional environments – spits Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 12. Transitional environments – bars Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 13. Transitional environments – barrier islands, lagoons Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 14. Transitional environments – deltas Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 15. Sedimentary facies Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 16. Sedimentary structures – bedding planes Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 17. Sedimentary structures – cross bedding Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 18. Sedimentary structures – graded bedding Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 19. Sedimentary structures – graded bedding Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 20. Sedimentary structures – ripple marks Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures
- 21. Sedimentary structures – mud cracks Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures