What is the second Langauge Acquisition?

1. What is second Language
Acquisition?
 Name :- Bambha Kajal A
 Sem :- 3
 Roll no :- 17
 Year :- 2017-2019
 Paper no :- English Language Teatching-1
 Enorllment no :- 2069108420180002
 Email id :- kajalbambha16@gmail.com
 Submitted to :- Smt.S.B Gardi Department of
English,Bhavnnagar University

2. Introduction
 The term “Second language Acquisition” refers to the
processes through which someone acquires one or more second
or foreign languages.
 Second Language Acquisition researchers look at acquisition in
naturalistic contexts and in classroom settings. Researchers are
interested in both product and process.
 The product means the language used by learners at different
stages in the acquisition process.
 This is followed by a selective review of research, focusing on
product-oriented studies of stages that learner pass through as
they acquire another language, as well as investigations in to the
processes underlying acquisition.
 The practical implications of research are then discussed,
followed by a review of current and future trends and direction.
•

3. What is second Language
Acquisition?
 Second language acquisition or SLA is the process of learning
other languages in addition to the native language.
 For instance, a child who speaks Hindi as the mother tongue
starts learning English when he starts going to school.
 Second language acquisition is learning a second language
after a first language is already established.
 Many times this happens when a child who speaks a language
other than English goes to school for the first time. Children have
an easier time learning a second language, but anyone can do it
at any age. It takes a lot of practice.

4. Five stages of second language
acquisition:

5. Conti......
 Silent stage :-
This stage may last from several hours to several months, depending on
the individual learner.
Instead, Lomba states that “speech is fundamental in language
acquisition” and learners excel in language acquisition when they apply
what they learn as they learn it.
• Early production :-
This stage may last about six months, during which language learners
typically acquire an understanding of up to 1,000 words. They may also
learn to speak some words and begin forming short phrases, even
though they may not be grammatically correct.
 Speech emergence :-
By this stage, learners typically acquire a vocabulary of up to 3,000
words, and learn to communicate by putting the words in short phrases,
sentences, and questions.

6. Conti.....
• Intermediate fluency :-
At this stage, which may last for a year or more after speech
emergence, learners typically have a vocabulary of as many as
6,000 words. They usually acquire the ability to communicate in
writing and speech using more complex sentences. This crucial
stage is also when learners begin actually thinking in their second
language, which helps them gain more skill in speaking it.
Advanced fluency :-
It takes most learners at least two years to reach this stage, and
then up to 10 years to achieve full mastery of the second language
in all its complexities and nuances. Second language learners need
ongoing opportunities to engage in discussions and express
themselves in their new language, in order to maintain fluency in it

7. Second Language acquisition by David Nunan:
• Second Language acquisition is all about
how native learners accept the second and
foreign language. David Nunan has done a
research in this field and he found that
researchers are interested in both process
as well as product. Product is the language
which is used by learners and process is the
learning process.
• Contrastive analysis includes two
terms:
1. Negative transfer: when the rules of first
language and second language are not
similar, it is negative transfer between
speaker and listener.
2. Positive transfer: when the rules of first
languageand second language are similar, it
is positive transfer between speaker and
listener.

8. Krashen's Theory of Second
Language Acquisition
• Krashen's theory of second
language acquisition consists
of five main hypotheses :-
1) The Acquisition-Learning
hypothesis
2) The Monitor hypothesis
3) The Natural Order
hypothesis
4) The Input hypothesis
5) The Affective Filter
hypothesis:

9. The Acquisition-Learning
hypothesis
.
The Acquisition-Learning
distinction is the most fundamental
of all the hypotheses in Krashen's
theory and the most widely known
among linguists and language
practitioners.
The Acquisition-Learning
distinction is the most fundamental
of all the hypotheses in Krashen's
theory and the most widely known
among linguists and language
practitioners.

10. The Monitor hypothesis
The Monitor hypothesis explains
the relationship between
acquisition and learning and
defines the influence of the latter
on the former.

11. The Natural Order hypothesis

12. The Input hypothesisThe Input hypothesis
• The Input hypothesis is Krashen's attempt
to explain how the learner acquires a
second language – how second language
acquisition takes place.

13. The Affective Filter
hypothesis
It embodies Krashen's view
that a number of 'affective
variables' play a facilitative,
but non-causal, role in second
language acquisition.
It embodies Krashen's view
that a number of 'affective
variables' play a facilitative,
but non-causal, role in second
language acquisition.

14. Conclusion:
 At the concluding part I wont to say that
Second Language acquisition as a
discipline in CA, error analysis and inter
language development. Nunan examine
research into SLA in both naturalistic and
instructional settings, considering both
process and product oriented study.