Scientific Method.ppt
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The document outlines the scientific method, which is a logical, organized process for solving problems. It involves defining the problem, collecting background information, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis through experimentation, making and recording observations, drawing a conclusion, and potentially establishing a scientific law or theory. The scientific method requires careful observation and documentation at every step to systematically investigate problems and arrive at evidence-based conclusions.
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DV: amount of water absorbed per minute
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DV: Speed it travels down the lane
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2) IV: Brand of paper towel
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1) IV: Weight of bowling ball
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The document discusses the scientific method, which involves asking a question and conducting an experiment to test a hypothesis. It describes the typical steps of the scientific method, including developing a hypothesis, designing an experiment, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. It also defines key terms like independent and dependent variables, and controlled or constant variables. The scientific method provides an organized process for conducting experiments and investigations to find answers about the natural world.
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Scientific Method.ppt
- 1. THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE Using the Scientific Method
- 2. The Scientific Method A logical, organized way of solving problems. • Define the Problem • Collect Background Information • Form a Hypothesis • Test the Hypothesis • Make and Record Observations • Draw a Conclusion
- 3. Defining the Problem & Collecting Background Information • Identify the problem. • Example: What are the effects of acid rain on salamanders? • Collect information about the problem. • Example: We should know the normal development of salamanders as well as the characteristics of areas that are affected by acid rain.
- 4. FORMULATE A HYPOTHESIS • An educated guess • A proposed answer to the question or problem. • A statement that can be tested
- 5. TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS p.1/2 • An experiment is a controlled procedure designed to test a hypothesis. • In an experiment, one variable, or condition, is changed and the response of another variable is measured.
- 6. THE EXPERIMENT p.2/2 • Independent variable: the condition that is varied (or changed). • Dependent variable: the condition that responds to the changes in the I.V. • To be a controlled experiment, it must have two identical groups: • Experimental group- the group that is exposed to the changes in the I.V. • Control group- the group that is not exposed to changes.
- 7. MAKING & RECORDING OBSERVATIONS p. 1/4 • Must keep careful records. • Must state how the experiment was planned, carried out, materials & equipment used, and how long it took. • Must record all observations made.
- 8. MAKING & RECORDING OBSERVATIONS p.2/4 • May include: drawings, tables, graphs, diagrams, written observations, photographs or even sound recordings. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Area A Area B Area C Area D Species 1 Species 2 Species 3
- 9. OBSERVATIONS VS. INFERENCES p.3/4 • Observation- an examination of something in nature. Detected by any of the five senses. • Inference- a judgement based on your observation. It is a personal opinion.
- 10. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS p.1/2 • The answer to a scientific question is formulated by drawing a conclusion based on data (scientific facts collected during the experiment) • Statistics help form the conclusion.
- 11. CONCLUSIONS p.2/2 • Before accepting conclusions, scientists retest their hypotheses several times. Later other scientists repeat the experiment until the hypothesis and the conclusion are supported or rejected.
- 12. LAW/THEORY p.1/2 • When a hypothesis explains how “facts of nature” occurs, it becomes scientific principle or law. Example: Law of Gravity • When a hypothesis explains why “natural” events occur through observations and investigations over a long period of time, it becomes a theory. Example: Theory of Evolution
- 13. THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE Be ready for a quiz