The document summarizes the key steps of the scientific method. It begins by explaining that scientists over centuries found they faced the same problem of sorting truth from non-truth, and devised the scientific method as a framework to systematically work through problems. The scientific method involves 5 steps: 1) identifying a problem, 2) researching the problem, 3) formulating a hypothesis, 4) conducting an experiment, and 5) reaching a conclusion. An example is then provided of someone using the scientific method to solve the problem of a pen torch not working by hypothesizing the batteries needed replacing, replacing them, and concluding the torch worked again.
Risk in electrical work is more than any other job even using household purposes, its needs some precaution. Any slippage has no excuse. Fatal incident of a person will create a void place in his organization and family too. We can assume that working in electrical system is similar to that of work in war field. Those who are involved in electrical job they should be alert for each and every second. Mistake or failure will not be any of any excuse. Electricity is blunt and rude.In present paper we would like to enlighten some important areas which need special attention and also create awareness among the people who are working or using electrical power systems. This article is an attempt to cover most of the sub-titles of the paper.
Correlative Study on the Modeling and Control of Boost Converter using Advanc...IJSRD
DC-DC converters are switched power converters. The converters are most widely used in research and industrial applications. The DC-DC Boost Converters are used to step-up the supply voltage given to the plant model. The main advantage of using the Boost Converters is that it works in the low voltage according to the design specifications. In order to regulate the uncontrolled supply of voltage, a controller has to be designed and modeled to stabilize the output voltage. Since the convectional controllers cannot work under dynamic operating conditions, advanced controllers are to be designed to overcome the problems. In this article, the advanced controllers such as NARMA-L2, Fuzzy Logic (FLC) and Sliding Mode Controllers (SMC) are implemented and their responses are compared using MATLAB.
FPGA Implementation of Mixed Radix CORDIC FFTIJSRD
In this Paper, the architecture and FPGA implementation of a Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) pipeline Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processor is presented. Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) is highly efficient algorithm which uses Divide and Conquer approach for speedy calculation of Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to obtain the frequency spectrum. CORDIC algorithm which is hardware efficient and avoids the use of conventional multiplication and accumulation (MAC) units but evaluates the trigonometric functions by the rotation of a complex vector by means of only add and shift operations. We have developed Fixed point FFT processors using VHDL language for implementation on Field Programmable Gate Array. A Mixed Radix 8 point DIF FFT/IFFT architecture with CORDIC Twiddle factor generation unit with use of pipeline implementation FFT processor has been developed using Xilinx XC3S500E Spartan-3E FPGA and simulated with maximum frequency of 157.359 MHz for 16 bit length 8 point FFT. Results show that the processor uses less number of LUTs and achieves Maximum Frequency.
Energy-efficient cluster-based security mechanism for Wireless Body Area Netw...IJSRD
Rapid expansion of wireless technologies permits continuous healthcare monitoring of mobile patients using compact biomedical wireless sensor motes. These tiny wearable devices –have limited amount of memory, energy, computation, & communication capabilities – are positioned on a patient; after that , they self-configure to create a networked cluster that is capable to continuously monitor important signs like blood pressure and flow, ECG, core temperature, the oxygen saturation, and CO2 concentration (i.e. for the respiration monitoring). The WBAN is an energizing innovation that guarantees to convey the human services to a novel level of the personalization. The scaled down sensors can be worn on body and they can non-rudely screen individual's physiological state. The numerous sensors speak with mobile utilizing the remote interfaces shaping WBAN. The WBANs empower checking a singular's wellbeing consistently in the free living conditions, where individual is allowed to direct his or her day by day action. In propose, design a enhance cluster based protocol.
En esta presentación los estudiantes de educación terciaria encontrarán la información general sobre el tema endocrino y algunas formulas químicas de hormonas importantes para la regulación interna del cuerpo humano.
Avaya offers a variety of communication software, servers, gateways and availability features to meet the needs of small, midsize and large enterprises. Avaya can architect a “Five Nines” (99.999% availability) or better solution for any customer at highly competitive price points
Some vendors have different perspectives as to what Five Nines means and how it may be achieved. This document aims to dispel some misconceptions in the market and show how Avaya achieves Five Nines across a range of customer scenarios.
-PacketBase.com
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
2. We all see
the world
differently
?
C
A
B
TruthTruth non truthnon truth
BeliefsBeliefs
BiasesBiases
PerceptionsPerceptions
3. Scientific method requires intelligence,
imagination, and creativity.
Scientists over the centuries found they faced
the same problem when it came to sorting out
the truth from non truths. To solve the
problem, they devised a methodical framework
within which to work. This framework is called
the scientific method, and it's extremely
important to solve a problem.
A scientist often credited with being the first to
employ the scientific method is Francesco Redi, an
Italian physician who lived from 1626 until 1697.
4. What is scientific method?
The scientific method is a tool
that helps scientists and the rest
of us to solve problems and
determine answers to questions
in a logical format.
It provides step-by-step, general
directions to help us work
through problems.
5. There are five steps to the scientific method
•Identify a problem.
•Research the problem.
•Formulate a hypothesis.
•Conduct an experiment.
•Reach a conclusion.
6. So you get some new batteriesSo you get some new batteries
from the drawer next to yourfrom the drawer next to your
bed and replace the ones inbed and replace the ones in
your pen torch.your pen torch.
problem ???problem ??? pen torchpen torch
doesn't workdoesn't work
You think back to the lastYou think back to the last
time your pen torch didn'ttime your pen torch didn't
work, and you remember thatwork, and you remember that
it was because of worn-outit was because of worn-out
batteries.batteries.
You guess that worn-outYou guess that worn-out
batteries is the reason thisbatteries is the reason this
time as welltime as well
Oh! pen torch works.Oh! pen torch works.
finished the great book !finished the great book !
7. Reach a conclusion.Oh! Your pen torch works.
you're faced with the problem
of not being able to read
because your pen torch
doesn't work, and you're not
happy about it.
Identify a problem.
You think back to the last
time your pen torch didn't
work, and you remember
that it was because of worn-
out batteries.
Research the problem.
Formulate a hypothesis.You guess that worn-out
batteries is the reason your
pen torch isn't working
now, so you get some new
batteries from the drawer
next to your bed and
replace the ones in your pen
torch.
Conduct an experiment.
9. Science Project Topics to Avoid Why
Any topic that boils down to a simple
preference or taste comparison. For
example, "Which tastes better: Coke or
Pepsi?”
Such experiments don't involve the
kinds of numerical measurements we
want in a science fair project. They
are more of a survey than an
experiment.
Most consumer product testing of the
"Which is best?" type. This includes
comparisons of popcorn, bubblegum,
make-up, detergents, cleaning
products, and paper towels.
These projects only have scientific
validity if the Investigator fully
understands the science behind why
the product works and applies that
understanding to the experiment. The
science behind them is often at the
level of a graduate student in college.
Any topic that requires people to recall
things they did in the past.
The data tends to be unreliable.
10. Science Project Topics to Avoid Why
Effect of colored light on plants
Several people do this project at
almost every science fair. You can be
more creative!
Effect of music or talking on plants Difficult to measure.
Effect of running, music, video games,
or almost anything on blood pressure
The result is either obvious (the heart
beats faster when you run) or difficult
to measure with proper controls (the
effect of music).
Effect of color on memory, emotion,
mood, taste, strength, etc.
Highly subjective and difficult to
measure.
Any topic that requires measurements
that will be extremely difficult to make
or repeat, given your equipment.
Without measurement, you can't do
science.
11. What Makes a Good Science Fair Project Question?
For a Good Science Fair Project Question,
You Should Answer "Yes" to Every
Question
Is the topic interesting enough to read about ? Yes / No
Can you find at least 3 sources of written information on the subject? Yes / No
Can you measure changes to the important factors (variables) using a number that
represents a quantity such as a count, percentage, length, width, weight, voltage,
velocity, energy, time, etc.?
Or, just as good, are you measuring a factor (variable) that is simply present or not
present? For example,
•Lights ON in one trial, then lights OFF in another trial,
•USE fertilizer in one trial, then DON'T USE fertilizer in another trial.
Yes / No
Can you design a "fair test" to answer your question? In other words, can you change
only one factor (variable) at a time, and control other factors that might influence your
experiment, so that they do not interfere?
Yes / No
Is your experiment safe to perform? Yes / No
Do you have all the materials and equipment you need for your science project, or will
you be able to obtain them quickly and at a very low cost? Yes / No
Do you have enough time to do your experiment more than once before the science
project closing date?
Yes / No
12. What Makes a Good Reference? For a Good Reference, You Should
Answer "Yes" to Every Question
Does your reference come from a credible source?
Yes / No
Is your reference current? Yes / No
Is your reference objectively written, not biased towards one point of view? Yes / No
Is your reference free of errors? Yes / No
Does your reference properly cite its original sources? Yes / No
Is the reference easy for other people to find or obtain? Yes / No
13. What Makes a Good Hypothesis? For a Good Hypothesis, You
Should Answer "Yes" to Every
Question
Is the hypothesis based on information contained in the Research
Proposal? Yes / No
Does the hypothesis include the independent and dependent
variables? Yes / No
Have you worded the hypothesis clearly so that it can be tested in
an experiment? Yes / No
14. VariablesVariables
A variable is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types.
1.1.IndependentIndependent
2.2.DependentDependent
3.3.ControlledControlled
The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist. As the scientist
changes the independent variable, he or she observes what happens.
The scientist focuses his or her observations on the dependent variable to see how it
responds to the change made to the independent variable.
Experiments also have controlled variables. Controlled variables are quantities that a
scientist wants to remain constant, and he must observe them as carefully as the dependent
variables.
15. Question
Independent Variable
(What I change)
Dependent Variables
(What I observe)
Controlled Variables
(What I keep the same)
Does an electric
motor turn faster if
you increase the
voltage?
Voltage of the
electricity measured in
volts
Speed of rotation
measured in
revolutions per minute
(RPMs)
Same motor for every test
16. Question
Independent Variable
(What I change)
Dependent Variables
(What I observe)
Controlled Variables
(What I keep the same)
How much water
flows through a
faucet at different
openings?
Water faucet opening
(closed, half open, fully
open)
Amount of water
flowing measured in
liters per minute
•The Faucet
•Water pressure, or how much
the water is "pushing“
17. Question
Independent Variable
(What I change)
Dependent Variables
(What I observe)
Controlled Variables
(What I keep the same)
Does heating a cup
of water allow it to
dissolve more
sugar?
Temperature of the
water measured in
degrees Centigrade
Amount of sugar that
dissolves completely
measured in grams
Stirring
Type of sugar
18. Question
Independent Variable
(What I change)
Dependent Variables
(What I observe)
Controlled Variables
(What I keep the same)
Does fertilizer
make a plant grow
bigger?
Amount of fertilizer
measured in grams
Growth of the plant
1.measured by its
height
2.measured by the
number of leaves
3.more ways to
measure plant growth
Same size pot for each plant
Same type of plant in each pot
Same type and amount of soil in
each pot
Same amount of water and light
Make measurements of growth
for each plant at the same time
19. What Makes for Good Variables?
For Good Variables, You Should
Answer "Yes" to Every Question
Is the independent variable measurable? Yes / No
Can you change the independent variable during the experiment? Yes / No
Have you identified all relevant dependent variables, and are they all
caused by and dependent on the independent variable?
Yes / No
Are all dependent variable(s) measurable? Yes / No
Have you identified all relevant controlled variables? Yes / No
Can all controlled variables be held at a steady value during the
experiment?
Yes / No
20. What Makes a Good Experimental Procedure?
For a Good Experimental Procedure,
You Should Answer "Yes" to Every
Question
Have you included a description and size for all experimental and control
groups?
Yes / No
Have you included a step-by-step list of all procedures? Yes / No
Have you described how to the change independent variable and how to
measure that change?
Yes / No
Have you explained how to measure the resulting change in the dependent
variable or variables?
Yes / No
Have you explained how the controlled variables will be maintained at a
constant value?
Yes / No
Have you specified how many times you intend to repeat the experiment
(should be at least three times), and is that number of repetitions sufficient to
give you reliable data?
Yes / No
The ultimate test: Can another individual duplicate the experiment based on
the experimental procedure you have written?
Yes / No
21. What Makes a Good Science Experiment?
For a Good Science Experiment, You
Should Answer "Yes" to Every
Question
Did you take detailed notes about your observations and record them in your
laboratory notebook?
Yes / No
Did you collect your data using a data table? Yes / No
Were you consistent, careful, and accurate when you made your
measurements?
Yes / No
Were you careful to insure that your controlled variables remained constant
so as not to affect your results?
Yes / No
If you ran into any unexpected problems, did you adjust your experimental
procedure accordingly?
Yes / No
22. What Makes for a Good Data Analysis Chart?
For a Good Chart, You Should
Answer "Yes" to Every Question
Is there sufficient data to know whether your hypothesis is correct? Yes / No
Is your data accurate? Yes / No
Does your chart specify units of measurement for all data? Yes / No
Have you verified that all calculations (if any) are correct? Yes / No
Data analysis
23. What Makes for a Good Graph?
For a Good Graph, You Should
Answer "Yes" to Every Question
Have you selected the appropriate graph type for the data you are
displaying?
Yes / No
Does your graph have a title? Yes / No
Have you placed the independent variable on the x-axis and the
dependent variable on the y-axis?
Yes / No
Have you labeled the axes correctly and specified the units of
measurement?
Yes / No
Does your graph have the proper scale (the appropriate high and low
values on the axes)?
Yes / No
Is your data plotted correctly and clearly? Yes / No
24. What Makes for Good Conclusions?
For Good Conclusions, You Should
Answer "Yes" to Every Question
Do you summarize your results and use it to support the findings? Yes / No
Do your conclusions state that you proved or disproved your hypothesis? Yes / No
If appropriate, do you state the relationship between the independent and
dependent variable?
Yes / No
Do you summarize and evaluate your experimental procedure, making
comments about its success and effectiveness?
Yes / No
Do you suggest changes in the experimental procedure and/or possibilities
for further study?
Yes / No