The document discusses the evolution of the web from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 and open science. Key aspects of Web 2.0 include user-generated content, peer-to-peer interactions, and finding like-minded people. Web 2.0 enables cooperation and problem solving. The document also discusses how science can become more open through tools of Web 2.0 like social media, open access, and crowdsourcing solutions. It raises challenges to enabling more open science in Africa, such as policies prohibiting social tools and lack of bandwidth.