The document describes an activity to identify colloids where students prepare mixtures of cornstarch and sugar in water and observe their properties. A colloid is identified as a mixture that scatters light due to particles that are larger than a solution but smaller than a suspension and do not settle out. Examples of common colloids used for food, medicine, and other applications are provided.
A mixture forms when two or more substances are combined such that each substance retains its own chemical identity. Everywhere around us are made up of mixtures. We can see them in nature, along the surface of the earth, in the oceans and in the foods we eat. There are infinite numbers of mixtures that can be combined into homogeneous or heterogeneous.
A mixture forms when two or more substances are combined such that each substance retains its own chemical identity. Everywhere around us are made up of mixtures. We can see them in nature, along the surface of the earth, in the oceans and in the foods we eat. There are infinite numbers of mixtures that can be combined into homogeneous or heterogeneous.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
3. Describe the appearance of
suspension and solution.
Give the uses of suspensions
Today we will perform an
activity to describe the
appearance of colloids. We
will also identify the uses of
colloids
5. Activity 1: Describe the
appearance and uses of
colloids.
White sugar, gaw-
gaw(cornstarch), 3
beakers, boiling water,
penlight, tap water
6. Procedure:
Activity 1 ( Preparation of Solution of Gaw-gaw)
1. Measure 100 ml. of tap water in one beaker.
2. Add a teaspoon of sugar.
3. Stir the water until all sugar particles dissolve.
7. Activity 2 (Preparation of colloid)
1. Stir a teaspoon of gaw-gaw in tap
water.
2. Pour the mixture into another
beaker containing 100 ml. of
boiling water.
3. 3. Allow the mixture to cool and
set aside.
8. Ac tivity 3 (Preparation of
Suspension)
1. Measure 100 ml. of tap water in
the third beaker.
2. Add a teaspoon of uncooked
gaw-gaw powder.
9. Questions:
1. Compare the colors of the mixtures.
2. Which of the three mixtures is/ are
homogeneous? Heterogeneous?
3. Which is clear and transparent or no
particles are observed?
4. Which has fine particles that do not settle?
Are these particles visible to the naked eye?
5. Which mixture has big particles that tend to
settle at the bottom of the container? 6. Which
exhibits Tyndall Effect?
10. Conclusions:
1. Which mixture exhibits rays that
scattered when a beam of light is
passed through it? What kind of
Test is applied to the mixture?
2. So therefore how do we know
that this mixture is a colloid? Why?
12. Which mixture exhibits rays that
scatter when a beam of light is
passed through them?
What kind of test is applied to
each mixture?
How do we know that a mixture
is a colloid? Why?
13. Ask:
As you mix the solute particles in a solvent,
what did you make?
How did the solute particles behave when
mixed with the solvent?
Describe the appearance of the mixture you
have done.
What kind of mixture did you make?
Describe the appearance of suspension.
Show other examples of suspensions then
describe.
Give the uses of these suspensions: (for
food, medicines, beautification, etc.)
14. ELABORATION
A mixture with particles evenly scattered in a
dispersed medium without settling down is a called
colloid. Investigating a colloidal property of the
mixtures: flour dissolved in water is a colloid while
sugar dissolved in water is a solution. The flour
particles can absorb, reflect and scatter light;
therefore a beam of light passing through the set-up
was visible. This scattering of light is called Tyndall
Effect. Tyndall Effect is seen as a beam of light in a
colloid because there is a scattering of light when light
beams pass through it due to the dispersed particles
which absorb, reflect and scatter the light.
15. Colloid is a special kind of mixture that
contains very tiny particles that cannot be
seen by the unaided eye. The tiny particles
do not settle down. Instead, they move
rapidly and collide with or bump each other.
This motion of the tiny particles is called
Brownian motion. In adding a powdered milk
to a glass of warm water, you can form a
cloudy mixture but the milk particles do not
settle down. The milk that you drink
everyday is called colloid.
16. Solutions, suspensions and colloids exhibit
characteristics that can be perceived as
similar, but they are actually not. For instance,
colloids have particles that are slightly smaller
than the particles of a suspension; colloidal
particles, however, are larger than the
particles of solutions. Colloidal particles are
in-between the sizes of suspension and
solution particles and cannot be seen by the
naked eye; instead, they are visible through a
microscope only.
17. The different examples of colloids are important
to daily life. Natural colloids such as blood, clouds
and fog are basic for living things. Man-made
colloids are also useful. Numerous colloids such
as milk, butter, gelatin, jam, jelly, and other
creamy substances such as mayonnaise and
whipped cream, are used as food or ingredients
for preparing food. Some colloids such as
magnesium hydroxide, creams, and ointments
are used as medicines and cosmetics. Paints
have both protective and decorative functions.
Styrofoam, inks, and white glues are used in
offices and printing press. Insecticides are used in
farming.
18. Artificial aerosols are not
environment-friendly. These products
contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
which act as propellants. Experts
say the CFCs, destroy the ozone
layer, the layer that protects the
earth from the ultraviolet rays of the
sun.
20. Valuing
(Proper handling of materials that
may cause accident)
How do you handle the materials
especially boiling water in order not
to cause burn?
21. Application
Exercise 1
Write the uses opposite to each
example of colloid. Empty
containers of the given products
can be used better.
1. Shampoo
2. Lotion
3. Dishwashing liquid
4. Cotton candy
22. EVALUATION
Read the statement. Then encircle
the YES if it is correct and NO if it
is incorrect. YES NO*
1. Colloids are homogeneous
mixtures. YES NO*
2. Light cannot pass through
colloidal particles. YES * NO
3. The components of a colloid do
23. ASSESSMENT:
Describe the appearance and uses of the colloids.
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which description best describes colloids?
a. Composed of molecules bigger than a solution
but smaller than a suspension.
b. Mixtures of two or more substances than can
be easily separated
c. Formed by mixing different kinds of solution
s d. Have molecules that are big enough to settle
at the bottom
24. 2. Which of the following is the
best description of colloids?
a. Sticky, creamy substance
b. Clear, pure substance
c. Dark, black substance
d. Clear, flawless substance
25. 3. The following colloids are
used for food preparation
except ______.
a. Gelatin
b. Milk
c. Silica Gel
d. Whipped Cream
26. 4. Which colloid has both
protective and decorative
function?
a. Ink
b. Insecticide Spray
c. paint
d. creams
27. 5. You and your mother brought the
following items from the supermarket:
mayonnaise, butter, red sugar, milk,
oil, salt, detergent powder, shampoo,
canned goods, dishwashing liquid,
toothpaste, vinegar, soy sauce, olive
oil, and ketchup. Select 6 items that
are colloids and describe its uses
28. Assignment
Have a research on the
preparation of a colloid of your
choice. Make a write-up on the
preparation of your colloid.
Include the materials you used.
A. Title of Colloid Preparation
B. Materials
C. Write-up on the Preparation of
