The document discusses the five main groups of vertebrates: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Mammals have hair and feed their young milk. Birds are covered in feathers and have wings. Reptiles have scaly skin and lungs. Amphibians spend part of their life on land and part in water. Fish live entirely in water and breathe through gills.

1. ANIMALS WITH BACKBONES:
THE VERTEBRATES

2. At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:
 identify each group of vertebrates and their
characteristics (mammals, birds, reptiles,
amphibians and fishes)
 classify animals into different groups of
vertebrates

3. 1. I live in water and I have gills for breathing. My body is
covered with scales and I have fins that help me move
and keep my balance. Who am I?
2. I spend part of my life in water and part of my life on
land. I have gills for breathing and they will soon be
replaced by a pair of lungs as I grow older. Who am I?
3. People are afraid of me. I have lungs as the main organ
of respiration and I have dry scaly skin.
4. I have wings that enable me to fly. My skeleton is made
up of strong but light bones. I have legs for walking or
running.
5. I am fond of eating grass. I feed my young with milk. I
have lungs for respiration and four legs for walking or
running.

4.  Did you guess the riddles correctly? What
do you think the five animals have in
common?
 The fish, frog, snake, bird and cow have
backbones. All animals with backbones
are called VERTEBRATES. Find out more
about the different subgroups of
vertebrates and their characteristics.

5.  Hello kids! I am Mr. Kangaroo. I belong to
the group of mammals. Mammals have fur
or hair and mammary glands. Actually, our
group name originated from the word
mammary although only the females produce
milk and feed their youngs. Most of us
mammals are developed inside our mothers
womb.

6.  Hi there boys and girls! I am Henny, a hen. I
belong to the group of birds. You think of
birds as fliers, don’t you? However, I seldom
fly. Bird’s body is covered with feathers. Our
feet are used for scratching the grounds,
perching on trees or swimming in the water.

7.  Hi guys! I am Mr. Crocodile. I belong to the
group of reptiles. I have lungs as the main
organ of respiration. I also have legs to
move on land. My dry and scaly skin is
useful to reduce the evaporation of water
from my body.

8.  Do you know me? I am Nemo. I belong to
the fish group. Among the vertebrates, only
us breathe through gills. We all live in water.
Our body is covered with scales which are
suited for our aquatic environment and our
eyes are always open.

9.  What’s up kids? I’m Mr. Froggy, a frog. I
belong to the group of amphibians. We
usually spend part of our lives in water and
part on land. We hibernate in cold weather
by burrowing in the ground or mud. Young
amphibians breathe by means of gills but
adults develop lungs in order to live on land

10.  Direction: Make 5 diagrams like the one
below in your notebook. Fill the empty boxes
with the different characteristics of the 5
subgroups of vertebrates.
 Mammals
 Birds
 Reptiles
 Fishes
 amphibians

11.  Classify the following animals based on the
information given about the 5 subgroups of
vertebrates.
crocodile maya tiger
monkey pig frog
tilapia monitor lizard horse
alligator woodpecker goat

12. READ AND LEARN MORE
 Animals with backbones are called vertebrates.
There are five subgroups of vertebrates namely
mammals, fishes, amphibians, reptiles and birds.

 Fishes live in water and take air and food from their
surroundings. They have gills for breathing.
Reproduction is either done by internal or external
fertilization of the egg. Internal fertilization occurs in
a female reproductive tract. The sperm cell enters
the female body to meet the egg cell to produce living
organisms. External fertilization occurs when the
sperm cell and egg cell unite without physical contact
with the mate. The union of the egg cell and sperm
sell occurs outside the body of the animal

13.  Amphibians have moist, smooth skin that must
remain moist in order to survive. Their moist skin
allows exchange of gases. They have strong legs for
walking, leaping and swimming. The male
amphibians fertilize the eggs laid by the female
amphibians; thus, fertilization is external.
 Reptiles are terrestrial animals. They have no lungs
as the main organ of respiration. They have legs to
move on land. Reproduction begins with the internal
fertilization similar to the mammals and birds.

14.  Mammals represent the most advanced
group. They all have fur or hair and mammary
glands. Mammary are usually born wholly
formed. They develop inside the mother’s
womb.
 Birds are usually fliers, however, chicken
seldom fly. Some cannot fly at all like ostrich
and penguins. The body of birds is covered
with feathers. Their bodies are suited for their
flight and they have hallowed bones that keep
them light.

15. I LEARNED THAT:
Animals with
backbones are called
vertebrates.

16. There are different animals below. Identify if the
animal is a mammal, fish, reptile, amphibian
or bird. Write the answers in your notebook.
1.Crocodile 6. bangus
2. Rooster 7. mouse
3. Snake 8. alligator
4. Elephant 9.maya
5. Fish 10. toad

17.  Make a flow chart like the one below in your
notebook. Complete the first column of boxes
with the five (5) subgroups of vertebrates and
the third column with their characteristics.
Vertebrates Characteristics
1. mammals
2. birds
3. reptiles
4. amphibians
5. fishes

18. Write TRUE if the statement is correct
and FALSE if it is incorrect. Do it in
your notebook.
_____1. Mammals have dry and scaly skin.
_____2. Reptiles breath by means of gills.
_____3. Female amphibians lay their eggs
in water or in very moist places on land.

19.  Classify the following animals into 5
subgroups of vertebrate. Write their names or
draw the animals in the specific column
below.
 Monkey dog alligator
 Parrot cat tiger
 Turtle lion zebra
mammals reptiles birds amphibians fishes