The document analyzes the quality of greywater before and after treatment from four sites in Costa Rica. Samples were collected and tested for various water quality parameters like pH, conductivity, dissolved solids, nitrogen and more both before and after treatment. The results found that treatment improved water quality for most parameters, though some sites showed higher levels of certain contaminants after treatment likely due to design flaws or other site-specific factors.
Jaipur Drinking Water Quality (Treatment level)_Pritha_2013India Water Portal
In 2001 NEERI collected water samples from the water treatment plant of Jaipur. Testing of physio-chemicals parameters was done. The water samples were found to high concentration of TDS, hardness, alkalinity, Calcium and Magnesium . The average values of the before mentioned parameters have been graphically presented for three sampling points CWR-1, CWR-2 and CWR-3.The full article is available at http://www.indiawaterportal.org/post/39393.
In 2001 NEERI collected water samples from Clean Water Reservoirs of Jaipur. Testing of physio-chemicals parameters was done. The water samples were found to high concentration of TDS, hardness, alkalinity, Calcium and Magnesium . The average values of the before mentioned parameters have been graphically presented for the 25 CWRs.The full article is available at http://www.indiawaterportal.org/post/39393.
C:\Documents And Settings\Jbalent\My Documents\Tio061610Jean Balent
This webinar will briefly review the theory behind isotopic effects, it will explain the units used to characterize the ratio of isotopes, and it will discuss the simple mathematics that can relate the shift in the ratio to the extent of degradation. Then the webinar will illustrate an approach to estimate rate constants for natural biodegradation of contaminants in ground water. The isotope analysis will be used to estimate the extent of natural biodegradation of MTBE at a gasoline spill site. The extent of biodegradation will be combined with the hydrological parameters at the site to estimate rate constants for biodegradation.
The webinar will conclude with a number of cautions and warnings. Heterogeneity in flow paths in the aquifer and proximity to NAPL or other source of contamination to ground water can substantially confuse the interpretation of stable isotope data. Both these conditions cause the isotope analysis to underestimate the extent of degradation. Heterogeneity in the rate of biodegradation can produce substantial errors in the forecasts of plume behavior. The webinar will provide recommendations to deal with the effects of heterogeneity in rates of biodegradation.
U.S. EPA has released A Guide for Assessing Biodegradation and Source Identification of Organic Ground Water Contaminants using Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) [EPA 600/R-08/148 | December 2008 | www.epa.gov/ada]. The Guide provides recommendations for sample collection, sample preservation, and sample analysis; recommendations on QA/QC issues; details on calculations; and a catalogue of expected initial values for the ratios of 13C to 12C in organic compounds such as TCE and PCE. The Guide also illustrates in detail the process to use isotope ratio data to estimate rate constants for degradation of organic compounds in ground water.
Jaipur Drinking Water Quality (Treatment level)_Pritha_2013India Water Portal
In 2001 NEERI collected water samples from the water treatment plant of Jaipur. Testing of physio-chemicals parameters was done. The water samples were found to high concentration of TDS, hardness, alkalinity, Calcium and Magnesium . The average values of the before mentioned parameters have been graphically presented for three sampling points CWR-1, CWR-2 and CWR-3.The full article is available at http://www.indiawaterportal.org/post/39393.
In 2001 NEERI collected water samples from Clean Water Reservoirs of Jaipur. Testing of physio-chemicals parameters was done. The water samples were found to high concentration of TDS, hardness, alkalinity, Calcium and Magnesium . The average values of the before mentioned parameters have been graphically presented for the 25 CWRs.The full article is available at http://www.indiawaterportal.org/post/39393.
C:\Documents And Settings\Jbalent\My Documents\Tio061610Jean Balent
This webinar will briefly review the theory behind isotopic effects, it will explain the units used to characterize the ratio of isotopes, and it will discuss the simple mathematics that can relate the shift in the ratio to the extent of degradation. Then the webinar will illustrate an approach to estimate rate constants for natural biodegradation of contaminants in ground water. The isotope analysis will be used to estimate the extent of natural biodegradation of MTBE at a gasoline spill site. The extent of biodegradation will be combined with the hydrological parameters at the site to estimate rate constants for biodegradation.
The webinar will conclude with a number of cautions and warnings. Heterogeneity in flow paths in the aquifer and proximity to NAPL or other source of contamination to ground water can substantially confuse the interpretation of stable isotope data. Both these conditions cause the isotope analysis to underestimate the extent of degradation. Heterogeneity in the rate of biodegradation can produce substantial errors in the forecasts of plume behavior. The webinar will provide recommendations to deal with the effects of heterogeneity in rates of biodegradation.
U.S. EPA has released A Guide for Assessing Biodegradation and Source Identification of Organic Ground Water Contaminants using Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) [EPA 600/R-08/148 | December 2008 | www.epa.gov/ada]. The Guide provides recommendations for sample collection, sample preservation, and sample analysis; recommendations on QA/QC issues; details on calculations; and a catalogue of expected initial values for the ratios of 13C to 12C in organic compounds such as TCE and PCE. The Guide also illustrates in detail the process to use isotope ratio data to estimate rate constants for degradation of organic compounds in ground water.
Tiff Hilton, “Manganese—Misunderstood, Mis-Regulated, & Mistaken for a Problem”Michael Hewitt, GISP
Manganese limits set forth by the Clean Water Act were not based on the toxicity of Manganese. And, as it turns out, the side effects from the treatment for manganese removal is a problem, not the Manganese. West Virginia adopted what is known as the “Five Mile Rule”, which stated that the human health criterion for manganese would only apply within a five mile zone up-stream from a public intake. This action, along with the existing available tools such as Alkaline Mine Drainage limits (No manganese) and Post Mining Limits (Report Only Limits) helped to substantially reduce the adverse effects created from the treatment itself.
Tiff Hilton, “Manganese—Misunderstood, Mis-Regulated, & Mistaken for a Problem”Michael Hewitt, GISP
Manganese limits set forth by the Clean Water Act were not based on the toxicity of Manganese. And, as it turns out, the side effects from the treatment for manganese removal is a problem, not the Manganese. West Virginia adopted what is known as the “Five Mile Rule”, which stated that the human health criterion for manganese would only apply within a five mile zone up-stream from a public intake. This action, along with the existing available tools such as Alkaline Mine Drainage limits (No manganese) and Post Mining Limits (Report Only Limits) helped to substantially reduce the adverse effects created from the treatment itself.
Opportunity For Bod Source Reduction 2009 Isbt Presentation With Guide P&ARecoverySystems
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Parameter Estimation of Pollutant Removal for Subsurface Horizontal Flow Cons...mkbsbs
Treatment efficiencies of a pilot scale constructed wetland treating greywater
from a staff canteen of the University of Moratuwa was studied to estimate the
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Biochemical Process as a means to Control and Mitigate Industrial Wastewate...Mohammad Dain Shah Munna
Biochemical Process as a means to Control and Mitigate Industrial Wastewater
Mohammad Dain Shah Munna
Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
University of Chittagong
2. Introduction
Greywater is the wastewater from the kitchen,
laundry, bathroom sinks, and showers.
Fats and oils
Food particles
Soaps
Chemicals
Solvents
On average in Costa Rica 187 L of water consumed per
person each day.
Approximately only 3.6% of greywater is treated.
3. Questions
How does the quality of greywater compare before
and after treatment?
How do the results of this treatment differ
between the diverse systems at various locations?
8. Data Collection and Analysis
Samples collected once a day at each site, before
and after treatment
Tests conducted in lab
YSI- pH
Specific Conductivity
Conductivity
Total Dissolved Solid
Salinity
Temperature
Dissolved Oxygen
Test Kit- Nitrate Nitrogen
Statistical analysis
Paired T-tests for before and after
Kruskal Wallis to compare after samples
10. Discussion
Most pH values within
expected range: 6.5-8.4
(Morel and Diener 2006)
MVI before sample more
acidic: 5.40
Coffee
Tea
Acidic food particles
Rice
Meats
Dairy products
Residue left from greywater
11. 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
LP MCL BDT MVI
S.Conductivity
(mS/cm^c)
a
a
a
b
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
LP MCL BDT MVI
Conductivity
(mS/cm)
a
a
a
b
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
LP MCL BDT MVI
TotalDissolved
Solids(g/L)
a
a
a
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
LP MCL BDT MVI
Salinity(ppt)
• Average values of S. Conductivity, Conductivity,
Total Dissolved Solids, and Salinity.
b
a
a
a
b
12. Discussion
LP and MVI higher levels
after > before
MVI water becomes
stagnant in last pipe
LP water build up at end
biogarden/ leaf litter
13. 19.5
20
20.5
21
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
LP MCL BDT MVI
Temperature(*C)
a
b
c
a
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
LP MCL BDT MVI
DissolvedOxygen(mg/L)
a
a
b
a
• Average values for Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen
KW=9.21, df=3, p-value=0.03 KW=9.25, df=3, p-value=0.026
14. Discussion
BDT before sample low level
of DO
Consumption > Production
due to fly larvae in tank
Greater temperature
(EPA 2012)
BDT after sample high level
of DO
Lowest temperature
Fly Larvae in BDT tank
15. 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
LP MCl BDT MVI
NitrateNitrogen(mg/L)
a
b
a
a
• Average values of Nitrate Nitrogen levels
KW=12.92, df=3, p-value=0.0048
16. Discussion
MCL after sample higher
in Nitrate Nitrogen
Combination of greywater
and black water
Black water 90% more
Nitrogen than greywater
(Abedin and Rakib 2013)
MCL sampleOther
17. Why is this Important?
Greywater is a large environmental issue
Any untreated grey water runoff into streets and
streams
Pollutes the surrounding habitats
Harmful to all living organisms
Lead to disease outbreaks
Treated greywater can be reused for gardens or toilets
18. Acknowledgements
Sofia
Emilia
Danielle
Jorge
Rafael (Los Pinos)
Monteverde Institute
Monteverde Country Lodge
Bob (Bajo Del Tigre)
Editor's Notes
Hi, my name is Elizabeth Coler and I’m a student at the University of California Santa Cruz. My project was comparing samples of greywater before and after treatment.
So, a little background on greywater…. Greaywater is a compilation of wastewater from the kitchen, laundry, bathroom sinks, and showers. Some of the main components that can be found in the greywater are fats and oils, food particles, soaps, various chemicals such as phosphorus and nitrogen, and different solvents. Here in Costa Rica, on average, one person consumes 187 liters of water per day. And approximately only 3.6% of the grey water produced is actually treated properly. This led me two wonder the following two questions…
How does the quality of greywater compare before and after treatment? and
How do the results of this treatment differ between the diverse systems at various locations?
For my project I tested the greywater at four different locations in the Monteverde and Cerro Plano areas: Los Pinos, Monteverde Country Lodge, Bajo Del Tigre and Monteverde Institute. First Los Pinos, Cabinas and Gardens. The greywater from the laundry flows into this compartment which has a net to filter the water catching particles and then the water flows through this serpentine tank, which is like a snake maze, and is pumped into the biogarden. In the biogarden it filters through differently designed layers of rock, soil and sediment to filter out any last chemicals or solvents. Lastly the water slowly flows into this collection barrel before flowing out into the sewer.
The Monteverde Country Lodge has a complex system, designed by an engineer, that actually treats a combination of black and grey water. Water flows into this first tank and goes through a series of multiple tanks, being pumped with oxygen and chlorine, it then is pumped through this rock and sediment box and collected in the last tank before watering the lawn.
From this graph you can see that all average pH vlaues were roughly within the same range. But at Bajo Del Tigre the average pH after Treatment is slightly higher than the rest while the Monteverde Institute is significantly lower than the rest before treatment.
I would like to give a huge thank you to my advisor Sofia