Water is essential for life and makes up most of the Earth's surface and human body. It is used for drinking, industry, and agriculture but can become polluted. The biological oxygen demand (BOD) test measures pollution by determining the amount of dissolved oxygen consumed by bacteria breaking down organic wastes over 5 days. Higher BOD levels indicate more pollution and risk to aquatic life since less oxygen is available. BOD is used to monitor water quality and identify sources of pollution.