This document provides an introduction to microwave remote sensing, including an overview of microwave instrumentation, frequency channels, and applications. It discusses how microwave sensing complements other methods by providing vertical atmospheric profiles and observing through non-precipitating clouds. Examples are given of products like total precipitable water, cloud liquid water, and wind speed that are derived from combining microwave channel measurements.
A multispectral image is one that captures image data from two or more ranges of frequencies along the spectrum, such as visible light and infrared energy.
In multispectral images, the same spatial region is captured multiple times using different imaging modalities.
Remote sensing and aerial photography study notes. Including concept and history of RS, visual image interpretation, digital image interpretation, application of RS, digital imaging, application of remote sensing etc.
A multispectral image is one that captures image data from two or more ranges of frequencies along the spectrum, such as visible light and infrared energy.
In multispectral images, the same spatial region is captured multiple times using different imaging modalities.
Remote sensing and aerial photography study notes. Including concept and history of RS, visual image interpretation, digital image interpretation, application of RS, digital imaging, application of remote sensing etc.
All the information, facts, statements, figures, and other data used in this presentation are collected from different internet sources and literature. The sources of data are appropriately disclosed in all the slides or in reference. The data was used for education purposes only.
Also, I do not claim ownership/copyright of any image that has been obtained from the public domain and literature. I have acknowledged sources of all the information as much as possible.
The educator/student can use this presentation for education/learning purposes by acknowledging the sources of the data being used in this presentation.
Thank you.
All the information, facts, statements, figures, and other data used in this presentation are collected from different internet sources and literature. The sources of data are appropriately disclosed in all the slides or in reference. The data was used for education purposes only.
Also, I do not claim ownership/copyright of any image that has been obtained from the public domain and literature. I have acknowledged sources of all the information as much as possible.
The educator/student can use this presentation for education/learning purposes by acknowledging the sources of the data being used in this presentation.
Thank you.
C5.05: Fit for Purpose Marine Observations - Boris Kelly-GerreynBlue Planet Symposium
As with most providers of ocean observations, the Bureau delivers data to a vast array of end users. For the Bureau, these data contribute both to national concerns (security, safety, well-being and economic prosperity) and to international programs. For example, sea level monitoring is provided to support South Pacific island nations as part of an international aid program and as a contribution to the Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS).
One of the major challenges that the ocean observing community faces is the ability to provide data which is measurably fit for purpose. Building on recent innovative work at the UK Meteorological Office, and in partnership with other international organisations, the Bureau has started to address this challenge by developing efficient modelling tools to assist with observing network design. The focus of this work is on quantifying the impact of observation systems when they are assimilated in numerical weather prediction systems. This activity is part of a pioneering effort to improve how we bring observations to users and in doing so provide step-change benefits to the international ocean observing community.
This presentation will cover these observing and modelling activities and their potential impact on the Australian and international community
This presentation consist of remote sensing, types of remote sensing and also about the radiometers systems. I have also discussed about the types of radiometers system and how it work. I have also discussed about the principle on which it works. Also I have discussed about the applications .
Meteorology is a discipline concerned with observational earth sciences and theoretical physics. It has the task of providing an accurate knowledge of the state of the atmosphere. Before the advent of weather satellites the weathermen had been severely handicapped by having only a very limited knowledge of the state of the atmosphere at any given time. Meteorological satellites have to a large extent has enabled to overcome this deficiency.
An Introduction to the Environment Agency extreme offshore wave, water level ...Stephen Flood
An Introduction to the Environment Agency extreme offshore wave, water level and wind conditions data sets, transformed to nearshore for events covering up to the 10000 year extreme coastal event, available to all for use in local studies.
Presented at the DHI UK Symposium 2018.
Upcoming Datasets: Global wind map, Jake Badger ( Risoe DTU)IRENA Global Atlas
Upcoming Datasets: Global wind map. A presentation by Jake Badger ( Risoe DTU) during the Global Atlas side event which held at the World Future Energy Summit in 2014
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdf
Sat fc j-intro_mw_remotesensing
1. F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E
April 6, 2022
Satellite Foundational Course for JPSS (SatFC-J)
2. MICROWAVE
F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E
Introduction to Microwave Remote Sensing
(with a focus on passive sensing)
3. F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E | 3
MICROWAVE
CONSTELLATION
APPLICATIONS
INITIATIVES
Learning Objectives
1. Provide a general introduction to microwave remote sensing that
covers imagers vs. sounders, passive vs. active sensors, and
microwave frequency channels
2. Understand how microwave remote sensing complements visible
and infrared observation and why this is important
3. Briefly examine how absorption/emission, transmission, and
scattering influences the usage and interpretation of microwave
measurements
4. F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E | 4
MICROWAVE
CONSTELLATION
APPLICATIONS
INITIATIVES
Product Preview
ATMS MIRS Total Precipitable Water 2017-09-23
A combination of
channels are used
to create products
• total precipitable
water
• cloud liquid water
• rain rate
• wind speed
• sea surface
temperature
• soil moisture
NOAA MiRS Products: https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/jpss/EDRs/products_MiRS.php
ATMS MIRS Cloud Liquid Water 2017-09-23
ATMS MIRS Rain Rate 2017-09-23
AMSR2 Wind Speed 2017-09-23
AMSR2 Sea Surface Temperature 2017-09-23
AMSR2 Soil Moisture 2017-09-23
5. F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E | 5
MICROWAVE
CONSTELLATION
APPLICATIONS
INITIATIVES
Types of Microwave Instrumentation
Imager
Horizontal detail
2-D view
Ex: Advanced Microwave Scanning
Radiometer-2 (AMSR-2)
• 7 channels
Sounder
Vertical detail
“3-D view”
Provides atmospheric profiles
Ex: Advanced Technology
Microwave Sounder (ATMS)
• 22 channels
vs
vs
6. F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E | 6
MICROWAVE
CONSTELLATION
APPLICATIONS
INITIATIVES
Passive
• Detects natural emission
• Used to measure atmospheric
profiles
• Radiometers and scanners
Active
• Provides source of radiation
and measures backscattered
signal
• Influence of other sources
complicates interpretation
Types of Microwave Sensors
7. F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E | 7
MICROWAVE
CONSTELLATION
APPLICATIONS
INITIATIVES
Global Coverage 2x Daily
Suomi National Polar–orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) Orbit Tracks
8. F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E | 8
MICROWAVE
CONSTELLATION
APPLICATIONS
INITIATIVES
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Additional Resource: SatFC-G Basic Principles of Radiation
https://www.meted.ucar.edu/training_module.php?id=1239#.WEcPZfkrKUl
Microwave wavelength = 0.1-30 cm (300-1 GHz)
Increasing: wavelength, sensor footprint
Decreasing: frequency, energy
109 Hz = 1 GHz
9. F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E | 9
MICROWAVE
CONSTELLATION
APPLICATIONS
INITIATIVES
Frequency (GHz)
Vertical
Transmittance
to
Space
Microwave Spectrum
In general:
Window regions are used
to sense surface features
Absorption regions are
used to derive temperature
and moisture profiles
source: COMET
10. F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E | 1 0
MICROWAVE
CONSTELLATION
APPLICATIONS
INITIATIVES
Window Regions
Absorption Regions
transmission
absorption /
emission
scattering
Clear Sky or
Non-Precipitating Clouds
• Temperature profiles
• Moisture profiles
Precipitating Clouds
• Ice particles Precipitating Clouds
• Precipitation type
• Rain rate
Clear Sky or
Non-Precipitating Clouds
• Land surface temp.
• Sea surface temp.
• Sea ice
• Soil moisture
• Cloud droplets
(< .1 mm radius)
• Ocean winds
Measured Brightness Temperature
11. F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E | 1 1
MICROWAVE
CONSTELLATION
APPLICATIONS
INITIATIVES
Window View of Surface Features
Ocean
Low emissivity
(~0.5) provides
a uniform, cold
background
Land
Variable
emissivity
(~0.95)
ATMS Ch 2 (31.4 GHz) 2017-9-23 1806Z
°C
-125
-105
-85
-65
-45
-25
-5
15
150
170
190
210
230
250
270
290
K
12. F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E | 1 2
MICROWAVE
CONSTELLATION
APPLICATIONS
INITIATIVES
“Dirty” Window View
Non-precipitating
clouds are
transparent
Total atmospheric
column can be
observed
ATMS Ch 16 (88.2 GHz) 2017-9-23 1806Z
-125
-105
-85
-65
-45
-25
-5
15
°C
150
170
190
210
230
250
270
290
K
13. F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E | 1 3
MICROWAVE
CONSTELLATION
APPLICATIONS
INITIATIVES
Water Vapor Absorption
Used to sense the
moisture at various
levels in the
atmosphere
ATMS Ch 20 (183.3 GHz) 2017-9-23 1806Z
-125
-105
-85
-65
-45
-25
-5
15
150
170
190
210
230
250
270
290
K
°C
14. F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E | 1 4
MICROWAVE
CONSTELLATION
APPLICATIONS
INITIATIVES
Oxygen Absorption
Used to sense the
temperature at
various levels in
the atmosphere
ATMS Ch 10 (57.3 GHz) 2017-9-23 1806Z
-125
-105
-85
-65
-45
-25
-5
15
150
170
190
210
230
250
270
290
K
°C
Small temperature
variation across
the image
(~300 mb level)
15. F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E | 1 5
MICROWAVE
CONSTELLATION
APPLICATIONS
INITIATIVES
Vertical Profiles
Displayed in AWIPS as
NUCAPS soundings
NUCAPS = NOAA
Unique Combined
Atmospheric
Processing System
16. F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E | 1 6
MICROWAVE
CONSTELLATION
APPLICATIONS
INITIATIVES
Assimilation into Numerical Models
Microwave and infrared sounders have huge impacts in forecasts
through assimilation into numerical weather prediction models
500 hPa geopotential height anomaly correlation
12-month running mean
1981 2017
%
17. F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E | 1 7
MICROWAVE
CONSTELLATION
APPLICATIONS
INITIATIVES
Advantages and Limitations
Microwave Advantages
• Non-precipitating clouds are transparent
• Precipitation rate estimation, ocean winds, soil moisture
• Atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles
• Blended with other high resolution measurements in products
and assimilated into models
Microwave Limitations
• Longer wavelength limits spatial resolution
• Variations in surface emissivity complicate interpretation
• Infrequent observations: 2x daily passes per satellite
18. F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E | 1 8
MICROWAVE
CONSTELLATION
APPLICATIONS
INITIATIVES
Resources
Microwave Remote Sensing: Overview (2nd Edition)
https://www.meted.ucar.edu/training_module.php?id=979
A First Course in Atmospheric Radiation, 2nd Ed. (Petty 2006)
Satellite Meteorology: An Introduction (Kidder and Vonder Haar 1995)
Basics of Visible and Infrared Remote Sensing
https://www.meted.ucar.edu/training_module.php?id=1096#.WEmPA_krKUk
SatFC-G Basic Principles of Radiation
https://www.meted.ucar.edu/training_module.php?id=1239#.WEcPZfkrKUl
Questions? Email: Bernie.Connell@colostate.edu
Narrator: Bernie Connell
Editors: Erin Dagg, Bernie Connell
Other Contributors: John Forsythe
