Sampling terminology
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There are two major types of sampling methods: probability sampling which uses random selection, and nonprobability sampling which uses non-random selection. There are different groups involved in sampling including the theoretical population which represents the ideal population, the study population which is the subset that is available to study, the sampling frame which lists the elements that can be selected from, and the sample which are the actual elements selected for the study. Sampling can go wrong if there are issues in defining or accessing these different groups.
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Copyright ©2002, William M.K. Trochim, All Rights Reserved
Key sampling conceptsDistinction between the theoretical population and the actual study populationGeneralizations can be made only to the actual population
Theoretical Population
The Study or Accessible Population
Theoretical
Study
Sampling Frame
The list or procedure defining the POPULATION (From which the sample will be drawn.)
Examples:
Telephone book
Voters list
Mailing list
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Theoretical
Study
Sampling Frame
Selected Sample
Those selected to participate in the study
Not all will necessarily participate
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--Incomplete surveys
Theoretical
Study
Sampling Frame
Selected Sample
Actual
sample
Subjects who complete the study and data is used in data analysis
Ratio of actual to selected is called response rate
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Non-Probability
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Purposive
Simple Random
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Stratified Random
Cluster Random
Quota
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The document discusses various research methods used in social science research, including surveys, experiments, case studies, and grounded theory. It provides definitions and explanations of key terms related to surveys, such as sampling, random sampling, stratified sampling, and sample size calculation. Experimental research methods are described as manipulating independent variables in a controlled environment to determine their effects on dependent variables. Grounded theory is presented as an approach to develop theories based on systematic analysis of qualitative data.
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This document discusses various sampling methods used in research. It defines key terms like population, element, sampling unit, and sample. It describes probability sampling methods like random sampling, systematic sampling, and stratified sampling. It also covers non-probability methods like convenience sampling, judgment sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling. The document provides details on how to implement these various sampling techniques and discusses factors to consider for determining sample size.
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This document discusses various sampling techniques used in research. It defines key terms like population, sample, and sampling frame. It describes probability sampling methods like simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. It also covers non-probability sampling techniques such as convenience sampling, voluntary response sampling, purposive sampling, snowball sampling, and quota sampling. The document provides details on calculating sample size and discusses Cochran's sample size formula.
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The document provides an overview of research methods in psychology. It discusses the key stages of conducting research including formulating an operational hypothesis, designing the experiment, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. It also defines important terms like participants, independent and dependent variables, and different sampling methods like random sampling and stratified sampling. Experimental and correlational methods are the main focus. Ethics approval is required before conducting research with people.
Sampling techniques and types
The document discusses different sampling techniques and sample types used in research studies. It describes key concepts like target population, study population, and sampling frame. There are two main types of sampling techniques - probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling aims to achieve a representative sample and includes random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic sampling. Non-probability sampling includes convenience sampling, purposive sampling, and quota sampling. The document provides details on several specific sampling strategies under qualitative research.
Selecting a sample
This document discusses key concepts in quantitative research methods including research, samples, populations, random and non-random sampling techniques. It defines research as a careful investigation to discover new facts or interpret existing facts. A sample is a subset of a population used to gain insights about the whole. Random sampling methods like simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling aim to select representative samples, while non-random methods like convenience and purposive sampling are not generalizable. The document also discusses qualitative research and purposive sampling techniques.
Sampling in Research
sampling in research, a written report which consists of the following: definitions and terminologies, the sampling types and methods, the sampling process, the sampling storage, and sampling errors.
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sampling in research methodology. qualitative and quantitative approach
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Sampling terminology
- 2. Two Major Types of Sampling Methods Uses some form of random selection. Requires that each unit have a known (often equal) probability of being selected. Selection is systematic or haphazard, but not random. Probability sampling Nonprobability sampling
- 3. Who do you want to generalize to? Groups in Sampling
- 4. Groups in Sampling The theoretical population
- 5. What population can you get access to? Groups in Sampling The theoretical population
- 6. Groups in Sampling The Theoretical Population The study population
- 7. How can you get access to them? Groups in Sampling The theoretical population The study population
- 8. Groups in Sampling The theoretical population The study population The sampling frame
- 9. Who is in your study? Groups in Sampling The theoretical population The study population The sampling frame
- 10. Groups in Sampling The theoretical population The study population The sampling frame The sample
- 11. Where Can We Go Wrong? The theoretical population The study population The sampling frame The sample
- 12. Where Can We Go Wrong? The theoretical population The study population The sampling frame The sample
- 13. Where Can We Go Wrong? The theoretical population The study population The sampling frame The sample
- 14. Where Can We Go Wrong? The theoretical population The study population The sampling frame The sample