In this presentation a brief description is given about salinity, types of salinity. What is water salinity and soil salinity. And also a small brief note on source of salts.

1. Mobeen Arshad
Roll no 20
M.Sc 4th Semester
GC Women University, Sialkot

2.  Concentration of dissolved salt in a given volume
of water
 expressed in grams of salt per kilogram of water,
or in parts per thousand
 Both soil and natural waters can become saline

3.  The salt concentration in the water extracted from
a saturated soil (called saturation extract) defines
the salinity of this soil
 naturally occurring mineral within soil and water
that affects the growth and vitality of plants
 Some areas have naturally occurring saline soils,
like places in Africa and the Middle East
 Ever agriculture soil have certain salts like NaCl,
Na₂CO₃, when these salts are in excess they mix
with soil and with upward movement of water not
accumulated in first 3-4 feet of soil layer and make
crust 1-2 feet in upper surface.

4. Retreating seas
Rain
Rocks

5. On the base of causes salinity divide
into three forms
Primary salinity (natural salinity)
Sec. salinity (dry land salinity)
Ter. salinity (irrigation salinity)

6.  From rainfall over many thousands of years
 From the weathering of rocks
 E.g. salt lakes, salt pans, salt marshes and salt
flats

7.  Caused where groundwater levels rise
 By clearing of perennial (long-lived) vegetation in
drier areas

8.  Tertiary salinity occurs when water is reapplied to
crops or horticulture over many cycles, either
directly or by allowing it to filter into the
groundwater before pumping it out for re-
application.

9.  Water salinity is the amount of salt contained in
the water
 expressed in grams of salt per litter of water
 both water and soil is easily measured by means of
an electrical device

10. Fresh water - Less than 1,000 ppm
Slightly saline water - From 1,000 ppm
to 3,000 ppm
Moderately saline water - From 3,000
ppm to 10,000 ppm
Highly saline water - From 10,000 ppm
to 35,000 ppm
By the way, ocean water contains about
35,000 ppm of salt.

11.  Hyper-haline waters are waters with a very high
salinity.
 Meta-haline conditions ranges from 45 to 65 ppt.
 Eu-haline waters are waters with a salinity
between 30 and 35. These are the most marine and
oceanic waters.
 Poly-haline conditions ranges from a salinity of 18
to 30 ppt.
 Meso-haline waters are waters with a salinity
between 5 and 18 ppt.
 Oligo-haline waters are waters with a salinity
from 0.5 to 5 ppt.

12.  Reduction in the productive capacity of
affected land (e.g. crop yields)
 Degradation of the environment and wildlife
habitats
 Loss of water quality for stock and domestic
water supplies
 Production losses causing economic hardship
 Damage to roads
 Damage to water-using household equipment

13.  Control irrigation
 Providing adequate surface drainage
 Allowing lower intensity of irrigation
 Reducing surface evaporation
 Not using alkaline water for irrigation purpose

14.  http://agriculture.vic.gov.au/agriculture/farm-
management/soil-and-water/salinity/about-salinity
 http://www.mymobilebay.com/stationdata/whatissa
linity.htm
 http://www.canadianriversproject.org/tutorials/1-
introduction-what-is-salinity/
 https://www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/998/sal
inity
 http://www.water.wa.gov.au/water-topics/water-
quality/managing-water-quality/understanding-
salinity