Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
8 likes•4,271 views
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of stroke caused by bleeding into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain. The leading cause is a ruptured aneurysm, which accounts for 75% of cases. SAH presents with an extremely severe headache, neck stiffness, nausea, and sometimes decreased consciousness. Diagnosis is confirmed through CT scan or lumbar puncture. Treatment focuses on controlling blood pressure, preventing rebleeding, and reducing complications like hydrocephalus and cerebral vasospasm.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
SAH for Neurology Residents
This document discusses aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), including its causes, diagnosis, treatment, and complications. The most common cause is rupture of a cerebral aneurysm, which accounts for 80-85% of cases. Diagnosis involves CT scan and lumbar puncture to detect blood. Angiography is used to identify the aneurysm's location. Early securing of the aneurysm via coiling or clipping can prevent rebleeding and improve outcomes, which are also impacted by age, neurological grade, amount of bleeding, vasospasm severity and other factors. Complications include rebleeding, vasospasm, hydrocephalus, seizures, and medical issues.
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
The document provides information on subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), including:
- SAH is a neurological emergency caused by bleeding in the subarachnoid space, usually due to a ruptured saccular aneurysm.
- Clinical manifestations include the sudden onset of the worst headache of one's life, neck stiffness, vomiting, focal neurological deficits, and loss of consciousness.
- Investigations include non-contrast CT scan, which identifies the location and extent of subarachnoid blood in 95% of cases within 72 hours, and cerebral angiography to locate the aneurysm.
BRAIN ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION
Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) are abnormal connections of arteries and veins in the brain, forming a tangled web of vessels instead of a normal capillary network treated with multimodalities including, SRS, embolisation and Microneurosurgery.
This slides updates the management of AVM highlighting the importance of SM grading, Pollock radiation grading etc.
Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) of Brain
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain are abnormal connections between arteries and veins in the brain that bypass the normal circulation. The cause of AVMs is unknown, though they are usually congenital. Symptoms vary depending on the location of the AVM and include brain hemorrhage in over 50% of cases, seizures in 20-25% of cases, and other neurological issues. Diagnosis involves CT, MRI, and cerebral angiogram imaging. Treatment options include surgery for accessible and smaller AVMs, stereotactic radiosurgery for smaller inaccessible ones, and endovascular procedures like using coils for parts of larger AVMs. Outcomes depend on the treatment, with surgery offering up to
Sub-arachnoid hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a neurological emergency caused by sudden bleeding into the subarachnoid space, often presenting with a thunderclap headache. It is usually caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. The case fatality rate of aneurysmal SAH is 30-70% on average. Survivors often have major disability, with 60% never regaining their pre-hemorrhage quality of life. Diagnosis involves CT, LP, CTA and conventional angiography to detect the source of bleeding. Complications include rebleeding, hydrocephalus, vasospasm and hyponatremia. Aggressive treatment is aimed at securing the aneurysm to prevent re
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage(SAH)
This document provides an overview of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). It discusses that SAH is defined as bleeding into the subarachnoid space within the cranial vault. The most common causes are saccular aneurysms (85%) and arteriovenous malformations (5%). Risk factors include age, hypertension, smoking, and family history. Clinical features include a sudden, severe headache and may include neck stiffness, vomiting, loss of consciousness, and focal neurological deficits. Diagnosis is typically made using CT scan and cerebral angiography. Treatment focuses on preventing rebleeding through bed rest, medications, and potentially clipping or coiling the aneurysm to prevent further bleeding.
Intracerebral hemorrhage hypertensive
This document provides an overview of the management of hypertensive intracerebral bleed (ICH). Key points include:
1) Uncontrolled hypertension is the leading risk factor for ICH. Early diagnosis with non-contrast CT is important for appropriate care and outcomes.
2) Acute management focuses on preventing hematoma expansion through aggressive blood pressure control to SBP 140 mmHg, reversing anticoagulants, and considering platelet transfusion.
3) Other priorities are treating increased intracranial pressure through measures like head elevation, osmotic therapies, and CSF drainage if hydrocephalus is present. Salvage therapies like induced coma and neuromuscular blockade are reserved for refract
Imaging in ischemic stroke18 11-15 final
This document provides information on imaging techniques used in the diagnosis and management of ischemic stroke. It discusses the advantages of different tests such as CT, CT angiography, CT perfusion, MRI, MR angiography, and diffusion weighted imaging at various time points after stroke onset. CT without contrast is useful initially to distinguish between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Advanced imaging such as CT and MR perfusion can identify tissue at risk of infarction. Diffusion weighted MRI is highly sensitive and specific for acute ischemia. Together, imaging plays a key role in the evaluation and treatment of patients with ischemic stroke.
Recommended
SAH for Neurology Residents
This document discusses aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), including its causes, diagnosis, treatment, and complications. The most common cause is rupture of a cerebral aneurysm, which accounts for 80-85% of cases. Diagnosis involves CT scan and lumbar puncture to detect blood. Angiography is used to identify the aneurysm's location. Early securing of the aneurysm via coiling or clipping can prevent rebleeding and improve outcomes, which are also impacted by age, neurological grade, amount of bleeding, vasospasm severity and other factors. Complications include rebleeding, vasospasm, hydrocephalus, seizures, and medical issues.
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
The document provides information on subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), including:
- SAH is a neurological emergency caused by bleeding in the subarachnoid space, usually due to a ruptured saccular aneurysm.
- Clinical manifestations include the sudden onset of the worst headache of one's life, neck stiffness, vomiting, focal neurological deficits, and loss of consciousness.
- Investigations include non-contrast CT scan, which identifies the location and extent of subarachnoid blood in 95% of cases within 72 hours, and cerebral angiography to locate the aneurysm.
BRAIN ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION
Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) are abnormal connections of arteries and veins in the brain, forming a tangled web of vessels instead of a normal capillary network treated with multimodalities including, SRS, embolisation and Microneurosurgery.
This slides updates the management of AVM highlighting the importance of SM grading, Pollock radiation grading etc.
Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) of Brain
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain are abnormal connections between arteries and veins in the brain that bypass the normal circulation. The cause of AVMs is unknown, though they are usually congenital. Symptoms vary depending on the location of the AVM and include brain hemorrhage in over 50% of cases, seizures in 20-25% of cases, and other neurological issues. Diagnosis involves CT, MRI, and cerebral angiogram imaging. Treatment options include surgery for accessible and smaller AVMs, stereotactic radiosurgery for smaller inaccessible ones, and endovascular procedures like using coils for parts of larger AVMs. Outcomes depend on the treatment, with surgery offering up to
Sub-arachnoid hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a neurological emergency caused by sudden bleeding into the subarachnoid space, often presenting with a thunderclap headache. It is usually caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. The case fatality rate of aneurysmal SAH is 30-70% on average. Survivors often have major disability, with 60% never regaining their pre-hemorrhage quality of life. Diagnosis involves CT, LP, CTA and conventional angiography to detect the source of bleeding. Complications include rebleeding, hydrocephalus, vasospasm and hyponatremia. Aggressive treatment is aimed at securing the aneurysm to prevent re
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage(SAH)
This document provides an overview of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). It discusses that SAH is defined as bleeding into the subarachnoid space within the cranial vault. The most common causes are saccular aneurysms (85%) and arteriovenous malformations (5%). Risk factors include age, hypertension, smoking, and family history. Clinical features include a sudden, severe headache and may include neck stiffness, vomiting, loss of consciousness, and focal neurological deficits. Diagnosis is typically made using CT scan and cerebral angiography. Treatment focuses on preventing rebleeding through bed rest, medications, and potentially clipping or coiling the aneurysm to prevent further bleeding.
Intracerebral hemorrhage hypertensive
This document provides an overview of the management of hypertensive intracerebral bleed (ICH). Key points include:
1) Uncontrolled hypertension is the leading risk factor for ICH. Early diagnosis with non-contrast CT is important for appropriate care and outcomes.
2) Acute management focuses on preventing hematoma expansion through aggressive blood pressure control to SBP 140 mmHg, reversing anticoagulants, and considering platelet transfusion.
3) Other priorities are treating increased intracranial pressure through measures like head elevation, osmotic therapies, and CSF drainage if hydrocephalus is present. Salvage therapies like induced coma and neuromuscular blockade are reserved for refract
Imaging in ischemic stroke18 11-15 final
This document provides information on imaging techniques used in the diagnosis and management of ischemic stroke. It discusses the advantages of different tests such as CT, CT angiography, CT perfusion, MRI, MR angiography, and diffusion weighted imaging at various time points after stroke onset. CT without contrast is useful initially to distinguish between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Advanced imaging such as CT and MR perfusion can identify tissue at risk of infarction. Diffusion weighted MRI is highly sensitive and specific for acute ischemia. Together, imaging plays a key role in the evaluation and treatment of patients with ischemic stroke.
Stroke localization
Neurology, Stroke, Localization, Medicine, CVA, Cerebrovascular Accident, Diagnosis, MBBS, Clinical Neurology, simplified
CEREBRAL ARTERIO VENOUS MALFORMATIONS
This document provides an overview of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). It defines a cerebral AVM as a vascular malformation with direct connections between arteries and veins, without an intervening capillary bed. The key characteristics of AVMs are described, including their demographics, clinical presentations such as hemorrhage and seizures, evaluation with imaging and angiography, grading systems like the Spetzler-Martin scale, and treatment options including surgery, embolization, and radiosurgery. Guidelines for treatment are outlined based on the grade of the AVM, with lower grade AVMs more amenable to aggressive treatment aiming for cure.
Approach to TIA/ CVA
The document discusses the approach to transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke. It provides definitions of TIA and acute stroke, and classifications of stroke. It also reviews epidemiological data on stroke from Malaysia, clinical features of different types of stroke, etiologies, investigations and management of acute ischemic stroke.
Approach to a patient with stroke
The document defines various types of strokes and transient ischemic attacks. It discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, investigations, and management of strokes. The main types are ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Investigations include brain imaging like CT scan and MRI to identify the type of stroke and underlying causes. Treatment focuses on minimizing brain damage, preventing complications, rehabilitation, and reducing the risk of recurrence.
Acute Stroke management
This document discusses acute ischemic stroke interventions. It provides details on:
- The typical size and duration of untreated ischemic strokes
- How many neurons and synapses are lost each hour and minute of untreated stroke
- Guidelines for emergency evaluation, diagnosis, and imaging of acute ischemic strokes
- Details on different imaging techniques like CT, MRI, CTA, and perfusion imaging
- Guidelines and recommendations for intravenous thrombolysis with rtPA within 3-4.5 hours of stroke onset.
Csf cisterns
The document discusses the anatomy and contents of various cerebral cisterns and subarachnoid spaces. It describes the locations and key structures contained within several major cisterns, including the interpeduncular, quadrigeminal, ambient, sylvian, lamina terminalis and prepontine cisterns. It also discusses the subarachnoid spaces surrounding the brainstem and connections between cisterns and ventricles that allow blood and cerebrospinal fluid to circulate throughout the brain.
Cerebral AVM
- Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular abnormalities consisting of a tangled web of arteries and veins with an intervening abnormal capillary bed (nidus).
- They most commonly present in young adults between 30-40 years of age through hemorrhage, seizures, or headaches. The annual risk of hemorrhage is around 2-4% and declines over 5 years for those who have already hemorrhaged.
- Diagnosis involves CT, MRI, and cerebral angiography. Angiography provides the most detailed information about the arterial feeders, nidus, draining veins, and flow dynamics needed for treatment planning. The Spetzler-Martin grading system is commonly used
SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE
Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when there is bleeding into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain. It is usually caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, and hypertension. Patients often present with a sudden and severe headache described as "the worst headache of my life". Diagnosis is typically made through CT scan or lumbar puncture. Treatment involves securing the aneurysm through clipping or coiling to prevent rebleeding, as well as managing complications such as cerebral vasospasm, seizures, and hydrocephalus.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage a major complication ,this presentation can help you understand the disease, the signs & symptoms and give you the diagnostic feature ,I hope you well enjoy studying it ... Good luck :)
Anterior temporal lobectomy
This document provides an overview of anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy (ATL-AH) for the treatment of epilepsy. It describes the anatomy of the temporal lobe, historical background of the surgery, patient selection criteria, preoperative evaluation including imaging and EEG patterns, surgical decision making, surgical procedure steps including positioning, craniotomy, resection of lateral and mesial temporal structures, complications, and outcomes. The surgery involves resection of the anterior temporal lobe including lateral neocortical regions and deeper mesial structures such as the hippocampus and amygdala to treat drug-resistant focal epilepsy originating in the temporal lobe.
Cerebral aneurysm
Cerebral aneurysms arise from focal degeneration of arterial walls. The most common type is saccular aneurysms, which protrude from arterial bifurcations and lack an internal elastic lamina. Aneurysms can present with subarachnoid hemorrhage, cranial nerve palsy, headache or seizures. Imaging plays a key role in diagnosing aneurysms and evaluating risks. Computed tomography best identifies acute subarachnoid hemorrhage but may miss small bleeds. Catheter angiography remains the gold standard for precise aneurysm characterization to guide treatment.
Sub-Arachnoid Hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is caused most commonly by the rupture of a saccular aneurysm. The rupture causes blood to fill the subarachnoid space, which can lead to neurological deficits or death. Treatment involves securing the aneurysm through surgical clipping or endovascular coiling to prevent rebleeding, as well as managing complications like vasospasm, hydrocephalus, and seizures. Outcomes depend on the grade and location of the initial bleed and development of delayed cerebral ischemia.
Intracerebral Haemorrhage.Dr NG NeuroEdu
This document provides information on intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), including:
1) ICH is the second most common type of stroke and onset is usually smooth and progressive unlike ischemic stroke.
2) Unenhanced CT is the first investigation and volume correlates to mortality and morbidity.
3) Risk factors include hypertension, liver dysfunction, smoking, and alcohol abuse.
4) Treatment options include factor VIIa within 4 hours to limit volume and surgery may play a role.
Cerebral Vasospasm
Cerebral Vasospasm; Delayed cerebral ischemia; subarachnoid hemorrhage; delayed ischemic neurological deficit; stroke; intra-arterial vasodilator therapy.
Intramedullary vs extramedullary spinal cord lesions
Intramedullary spinal cord lesions occur within the spinal cord itself while extramedullary lesions occur outside the spinal cord. Intramedullary lesions typically cause symmetrical symptoms that affect motor and sensory functions diffusely down the spinal cord, often with early sphincter involvement. In contrast, extramedullary lesions usually cause asymmetrical symptoms, with local or radicular pain and early upper motor neuron signs but later lower motor neuron signs and sensory involvement in the affected segment.
Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas
Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas. Dural AVFs. Important for Neuroradiologists and Neurointerventionalists.
Neuro signs
This document provides descriptions and images related to various neuroimaging signs seen in neuroradiology. It discusses signs seen in conditions such as multiple sclerosis, CADASIL, ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, infections like abscesses, tumors, and other pathologies. Specific signs described include the boomerang sign, butterfly medulla sign, onion rings sign, trident sign, and others. Imaging features of various diseases and abnormalities are also outlined.
Venous drainage system of brain - Dr Sameep Koshti (Consultant Neurosurgeon)
The venous drainage of the brain occurs through a complex system of deep and superficial veins. The superficial system drains the superficial fifth of the cerebrum while the deep system drains the remaining four-fifths. These veins pierce the arachnoid mater and dura mater to open into dural venous sinuses. The major veins include the superior and inferior cerebral veins, internal cerebral veins, basal vein of Rosenthal, vein of Galen, and petrosal and galenic vein groups which drain into dural sinuses like the superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus. The brain's venous system lacks valves and has thin walls to facilitate drainage.
Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors
Vestibular schwannomas, meningiomas, and epidermoid cysts are the most common tumors found in the cerebellopontine angle. They typically present with symptoms of cranial nerve dysfunction such as hearing loss, vertigo, and facial numbness. MRI is the gold standard for diagnosis and shows the location and size of the tumor. Treatment involves surgical resection while attempting to preserve cranial nerve function, with the goal of complete removal while minimizing complications.
SPINAL CORD ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS
This document discusses the classification and management of spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). It begins by describing the different types of spinal vascular abnormalities, including AV malformations and fistulas. It then discusses various classification systems for spinal AVMs, highlighting the widely accepted Anson-Spetzler classification system which divides AVMs into 4 main types. The document provides details on types I and II lesions, describing dural arteriovenous fistulas and glomus AVMs respectively. It covers arterial and venous anatomy, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics and management considerations for spinal vascular malformations.
SAH (Subarachnoid Haemorrhage)
This document provides information on subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), including relevant anatomy, etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, grading scales, diagnostic workup and findings, and management. The key points are:
- SAH is bleeding into the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia mater layers, where blood vessels and CSF circulate.
- The most common cause is aneurysm rupture (80-85%), followed by non-aneurysmal haemorrhage (10%) and other less common causes.
- Clinical presentation includes thunderclap headache, reduced consciousness, meningism, seizures. Grading
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding into the subarachnoid space between the brain's outermost layers. It is often caused by the rupture of an aneurysm, which is a bulge or weakening in the wall of a brain artery. Symptoms include a sudden and severe headache, decreased consciousness, vomiting, and neck stiffness. Diagnosis involves CT scan and lumbar puncture to detect blood. Treatment focuses on preventing rebleeding through aneurysm coiling or clipping, and managing complications like hydrocephalus, vasospasm, seizures, and hyponatremia. Prognosis depends on the severity of the initial bleed and development of complications.
More Related Content
What's hot
Stroke localization
Neurology, Stroke, Localization, Medicine, CVA, Cerebrovascular Accident, Diagnosis, MBBS, Clinical Neurology, simplified
CEREBRAL ARTERIO VENOUS MALFORMATIONS
This document provides an overview of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). It defines a cerebral AVM as a vascular malformation with direct connections between arteries and veins, without an intervening capillary bed. The key characteristics of AVMs are described, including their demographics, clinical presentations such as hemorrhage and seizures, evaluation with imaging and angiography, grading systems like the Spetzler-Martin scale, and treatment options including surgery, embolization, and radiosurgery. Guidelines for treatment are outlined based on the grade of the AVM, with lower grade AVMs more amenable to aggressive treatment aiming for cure.
Approach to TIA/ CVA
The document discusses the approach to transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke. It provides definitions of TIA and acute stroke, and classifications of stroke. It also reviews epidemiological data on stroke from Malaysia, clinical features of different types of stroke, etiologies, investigations and management of acute ischemic stroke.
Approach to a patient with stroke
The document defines various types of strokes and transient ischemic attacks. It discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, investigations, and management of strokes. The main types are ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Investigations include brain imaging like CT scan and MRI to identify the type of stroke and underlying causes. Treatment focuses on minimizing brain damage, preventing complications, rehabilitation, and reducing the risk of recurrence.
Acute Stroke management
This document discusses acute ischemic stroke interventions. It provides details on:
- The typical size and duration of untreated ischemic strokes
- How many neurons and synapses are lost each hour and minute of untreated stroke
- Guidelines for emergency evaluation, diagnosis, and imaging of acute ischemic strokes
- Details on different imaging techniques like CT, MRI, CTA, and perfusion imaging
- Guidelines and recommendations for intravenous thrombolysis with rtPA within 3-4.5 hours of stroke onset.
Csf cisterns
The document discusses the anatomy and contents of various cerebral cisterns and subarachnoid spaces. It describes the locations and key structures contained within several major cisterns, including the interpeduncular, quadrigeminal, ambient, sylvian, lamina terminalis and prepontine cisterns. It also discusses the subarachnoid spaces surrounding the brainstem and connections between cisterns and ventricles that allow blood and cerebrospinal fluid to circulate throughout the brain.
Cerebral AVM
- Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular abnormalities consisting of a tangled web of arteries and veins with an intervening abnormal capillary bed (nidus).
- They most commonly present in young adults between 30-40 years of age through hemorrhage, seizures, or headaches. The annual risk of hemorrhage is around 2-4% and declines over 5 years for those who have already hemorrhaged.
- Diagnosis involves CT, MRI, and cerebral angiography. Angiography provides the most detailed information about the arterial feeders, nidus, draining veins, and flow dynamics needed for treatment planning. The Spetzler-Martin grading system is commonly used
SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE
Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when there is bleeding into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain. It is usually caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, and hypertension. Patients often present with a sudden and severe headache described as "the worst headache of my life". Diagnosis is typically made through CT scan or lumbar puncture. Treatment involves securing the aneurysm through clipping or coiling to prevent rebleeding, as well as managing complications such as cerebral vasospasm, seizures, and hydrocephalus.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage a major complication ,this presentation can help you understand the disease, the signs & symptoms and give you the diagnostic feature ,I hope you well enjoy studying it ... Good luck :)
Anterior temporal lobectomy
This document provides an overview of anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy (ATL-AH) for the treatment of epilepsy. It describes the anatomy of the temporal lobe, historical background of the surgery, patient selection criteria, preoperative evaluation including imaging and EEG patterns, surgical decision making, surgical procedure steps including positioning, craniotomy, resection of lateral and mesial temporal structures, complications, and outcomes. The surgery involves resection of the anterior temporal lobe including lateral neocortical regions and deeper mesial structures such as the hippocampus and amygdala to treat drug-resistant focal epilepsy originating in the temporal lobe.
Cerebral aneurysm
Cerebral aneurysms arise from focal degeneration of arterial walls. The most common type is saccular aneurysms, which protrude from arterial bifurcations and lack an internal elastic lamina. Aneurysms can present with subarachnoid hemorrhage, cranial nerve palsy, headache or seizures. Imaging plays a key role in diagnosing aneurysms and evaluating risks. Computed tomography best identifies acute subarachnoid hemorrhage but may miss small bleeds. Catheter angiography remains the gold standard for precise aneurysm characterization to guide treatment.
Sub-Arachnoid Hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is caused most commonly by the rupture of a saccular aneurysm. The rupture causes blood to fill the subarachnoid space, which can lead to neurological deficits or death. Treatment involves securing the aneurysm through surgical clipping or endovascular coiling to prevent rebleeding, as well as managing complications like vasospasm, hydrocephalus, and seizures. Outcomes depend on the grade and location of the initial bleed and development of delayed cerebral ischemia.
Intracerebral Haemorrhage.Dr NG NeuroEdu
This document provides information on intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), including:
1) ICH is the second most common type of stroke and onset is usually smooth and progressive unlike ischemic stroke.
2) Unenhanced CT is the first investigation and volume correlates to mortality and morbidity.
3) Risk factors include hypertension, liver dysfunction, smoking, and alcohol abuse.
4) Treatment options include factor VIIa within 4 hours to limit volume and surgery may play a role.
Cerebral Vasospasm
Cerebral Vasospasm; Delayed cerebral ischemia; subarachnoid hemorrhage; delayed ischemic neurological deficit; stroke; intra-arterial vasodilator therapy.
Intramedullary vs extramedullary spinal cord lesions
Intramedullary spinal cord lesions occur within the spinal cord itself while extramedullary lesions occur outside the spinal cord. Intramedullary lesions typically cause symmetrical symptoms that affect motor and sensory functions diffusely down the spinal cord, often with early sphincter involvement. In contrast, extramedullary lesions usually cause asymmetrical symptoms, with local or radicular pain and early upper motor neuron signs but later lower motor neuron signs and sensory involvement in the affected segment.
Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas
Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas. Dural AVFs. Important for Neuroradiologists and Neurointerventionalists.
Neuro signs
This document provides descriptions and images related to various neuroimaging signs seen in neuroradiology. It discusses signs seen in conditions such as multiple sclerosis, CADASIL, ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, infections like abscesses, tumors, and other pathologies. Specific signs described include the boomerang sign, butterfly medulla sign, onion rings sign, trident sign, and others. Imaging features of various diseases and abnormalities are also outlined.
Venous drainage system of brain - Dr Sameep Koshti (Consultant Neurosurgeon)
The venous drainage of the brain occurs through a complex system of deep and superficial veins. The superficial system drains the superficial fifth of the cerebrum while the deep system drains the remaining four-fifths. These veins pierce the arachnoid mater and dura mater to open into dural venous sinuses. The major veins include the superior and inferior cerebral veins, internal cerebral veins, basal vein of Rosenthal, vein of Galen, and petrosal and galenic vein groups which drain into dural sinuses like the superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus. The brain's venous system lacks valves and has thin walls to facilitate drainage.
Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors
Vestibular schwannomas, meningiomas, and epidermoid cysts are the most common tumors found in the cerebellopontine angle. They typically present with symptoms of cranial nerve dysfunction such as hearing loss, vertigo, and facial numbness. MRI is the gold standard for diagnosis and shows the location and size of the tumor. Treatment involves surgical resection while attempting to preserve cranial nerve function, with the goal of complete removal while minimizing complications.
SPINAL CORD ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS
This document discusses the classification and management of spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). It begins by describing the different types of spinal vascular abnormalities, including AV malformations and fistulas. It then discusses various classification systems for spinal AVMs, highlighting the widely accepted Anson-Spetzler classification system which divides AVMs into 4 main types. The document provides details on types I and II lesions, describing dural arteriovenous fistulas and glomus AVMs respectively. It covers arterial and venous anatomy, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics and management considerations for spinal vascular malformations.
What's hot (20)
Intramedullary vs extramedullary spinal cord lesions
Intramedullary vs extramedullary spinal cord lesions
Venous drainage system of brain - Dr Sameep Koshti (Consultant Neurosurgeon)
Venous drainage system of brain - Dr Sameep Koshti (Consultant Neurosurgeon)
Viewers also liked
SAH (Subarachnoid Haemorrhage)
This document provides information on subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), including relevant anatomy, etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, grading scales, diagnostic workup and findings, and management. The key points are:
- SAH is bleeding into the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia mater layers, where blood vessels and CSF circulate.
- The most common cause is aneurysm rupture (80-85%), followed by non-aneurysmal haemorrhage (10%) and other less common causes.
- Clinical presentation includes thunderclap headache, reduced consciousness, meningism, seizures. Grading
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding into the subarachnoid space between the brain's outermost layers. It is often caused by the rupture of an aneurysm, which is a bulge or weakening in the wall of a brain artery. Symptoms include a sudden and severe headache, decreased consciousness, vomiting, and neck stiffness. Diagnosis involves CT scan and lumbar puncture to detect blood. Treatment focuses on preventing rebleeding through aneurysm coiling or clipping, and managing complications like hydrocephalus, vasospasm, seizures, and hyponatremia. Prognosis depends on the severity of the initial bleed and development of complications.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage and Vasospasm
This document discusses subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and vasospasm, which is a common complication of SAH. It provides an overview of the pathophysiology of SAH and vasospasm, involving factors such as nitric oxide, endothelin-1, and oxidative stress. Current standard therapies aim to prevent rebleeding and improve cerebral blood flow, but have limitations. Emerging therapies are being investigated to more effectively treat and prevent vasospasm.
subarachnoid hemorrhage
A group of nursing students presented a case study on subarachnoid hemorrhage. The presentation covered: an introduction to subarachnoid hemorrhage including causes and risk factors; a specific patient case including demographics, medical history, physical assessment findings and diagnostic test results; anatomy and physiology of the central nervous system; medical management including medications, interventions and treatment; nursing care and interventions; and a conclusion with recommendations. The presentation was outlined and included references.
Sah
This document discusses subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which occurs when there is bleeding into the space between the brain and the thin tissues that cover the brain. The most common cause of SAH is the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, which affects around 25,000-30,000 people in the US each year. The initial mortality rate is around 45% and over half of survivors are left with major neurological deficits. Diagnosis involves CT scans, lumbar puncture, and angiography. Treatment focuses on surgical clipping or coiling of the aneurysm as well as managing complications like vasospasm, hydrocephalus, and rebleeding through medical therapy.
Imaging in SAH
This document discusses imaging modalities for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It describes how computed tomography (CT) and lumbar puncture (LP) are critical for diagnosis. CT is highly sensitive within 12 hours, while LP is needed if CT is negative or performed after a few days. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can also detect SAH, especially in subacute phases. Catheter angiography remains the gold standard for detecting aneurysms causing SAH. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound is useful for diagnosing and managing vasospasm. Differential diagnoses include aneurysmal SAH, perimesencephalic non-aneurysmal SAH, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, and
INTRACEREBRAL HEMATOMA
A 30-year-old male hypertensive and epileptic patient presented with sudden loss of consciousness while socializing. His examination revealed a low Glasgow Coma Scale of 5/15, unequal pupils, high blood pressure, and shallow breathing. An initial CT scan showed an intracerebral hemorrhage. He underwent an emergency right-sided decompressive craniectomy and hematoma evacuation. After 4 weeks of supportive care including rehabilitation and tracheostomy, his condition had stabilized and he was conscious and following commands.
Slideshare Powerpoint presentation
Art is a creative expression that stimulates the senses or imagination according to Felicity Hampel. Picasso believed that every child is an artist but growing up can stop that creativity. Aristotle defined art as anything requiring a maker and not being able to create itself.
Multiple fractures in the long bones of infants suffering from chronic s...
1) John Caffey's 1946 article was the first systematic study of infants and toddlers with features of child abuse and documented fractures and subdural hematomas in 6 children.
2) While Caffey believed the injuries were likely caused by parental abuse, he did not explicitly state this due to concerns about legal repercussions.
3) Diagnostic imaging, including Caffey's work, helped bring awareness to child abuse by visually depicting inflicted injuries. Imaging continues to influence understanding of child abuse.
Sub And Epidurals
This document discusses subdural and epidural hematomas, including their locations, causes, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and nursing implications. Subdural hematomas are located below the dura and above the brain, and can be caused by falls in the elderly, shaken baby syndrome, or anticoagulants. Epidural hematomas are located above the dura and below the skull, and are usually caused by skull fractures from trauma. Clinical presentations depend on whether the hematoma is subdural or epidural. Diagnosis involves CT scans or arteriograms. Nursing implications include monitoring, drain care, DVT prevention, seizure precautions, and rehabilitation planning.
Management of SAH
Vipul Gupta describes his approach to managing subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) at his hospital in India. He works closely with neurosurgery as part of an integrated team. For aneurysmal SAH, patients undergo angiography within 24 hours to identify any aneurysms. Aneurysms are often coiled in the same session. Techniques like balloon-assisted coiling are used for complex aneurysms. Flow diverters are used for giant or fusiform aneurysms that cannot be coiled. Aggressive prevention and treatment of vasospasm is emphasized, including continuous intra-arterial nimodipine and milrinone. Overall, this integrated approach aims for good outcomes with over 85
PHASES aneurysm rupture risk score
Kapan aneurysma yang belum ruptur memerlukan intervensi?
"In the decision-making process, the PHASES score may be considered for predicting a patient’s risk of aneurysm rupture."
Parkinsonism Puzzle
1) A 56-year-old male presented with a history of decreased consciousness and parkinsonism symptoms including shaking of his right hand, difficulty walking, and falling.
2) His symptoms began in 2013 and have progressively worsened over time, with additional symptoms of forgetfulness, difficulty calculating and reading, slowed movement, and hallucinations.
3) His neurological examination was inconsistent at times but showed signs of parkinsonism including rigidity, tremor, and decreased motor function as well as decreased gag reflex.
Surgery 5th year, 5th lecture/part two (Dr. Ari Sami)
There are several types of intracranial hematomas that can result from head trauma:
1) Intracerebral hematomas are caused by areas of brain contusions merging together appearing as hyperdense lesions on CT scans with mass effect and midline shift.
2) Epidural hematomas occur between the skull and dura when a skull fracture causes dural laceration, most commonly in the temporal bone region.
3) Subdural hematomas occur below the dura from tears in bridging veins or cortical lacerations, and can be acute, subacute, or chronic depending on time since injury.
Small vessel disease: Evolving concept
Keunikan anatomi small vessel of the brain dan neurovascular unit, kontroversi peran stganasi vena dalam patofisiologi, klasifikasi small vessel disease, variasi kriteria diagnostik, pitfall dalam neuroimaging, pilihan antiplatelet untuk prevensi sekundar, dampaknya bagi outcome pasien, hubungannya dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif.
Hmm, apa lagi nih yang baru?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when blood leaks into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain. The most common causes are aneurysmal rupture or trauma. Clinical features include a sudden, severe "thunderclap" headache and may include neck stiffness, nausea, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. Diagnosis is made through lumbar puncture and brain imaging. Untreated, SAH has high mortality with 50% dying within 30 days. Survivors often have neurological deficits. Treatment focuses on securing the ruptured aneurysm to prevent rebleeding.
Spasticity Management 1 5 2007
This document summarizes different approaches to managing spasticity, including oral and injected medications, therapy, splinting, casting, botulinum toxin injections, phenol injections, surgery, and intrathecal baclofen pumps. It defines spasticity and other types of hypertonicity, discusses factors to consider in tone management, and provides details on measurement tools and specific interventions including mechanisms and considerations for oral medications, botulinum toxin, phenol, and intrathecal baclofen pumps.
Cranial hematomas (injury)
Cranial hematomas can be either extra-axial (outside the brain), occurring between membranes covering the brain, or intra-axial (inside the brain). The most common extra-axial hematomas are epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid hematomas. Epidural hematomas typically result from injuries that rupture the middle meningeal artery. Subdural hematomas are caused by tears in bridging veins, while subarachnoid hematomas usually stem from ruptured cerebral aneurysms. In newborns, common cranial hematomas include caput succedaneum, cephalohematoma, and subgaleal hematoma, which are usually due to difficult childbirth and
Imaging: AV Malformation
1. A 41-year-old man presented with vomiting, altered mental status, and difficulty walking. On examination, he showed signs of brainstem involvement including nystagmus and facial weakness.
2. Imaging and lab tests did not reveal any coagulation abnormalities or structural causes like tumors. A slight elevation in homocysteine levels was found.
3. Cerebral angiography confirmed an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), which are congenital lesions caused by a failure of the embryonic vasculature to fully develop. The Spetzler-Martin grading system was then used to assess the AVM based on its size, location, and venous drainage patterns.
Viewers also liked (20)
Multiple fractures in the long bones of infants suffering from chronic s...
Multiple fractures in the long bones of infants suffering from chronic s...
Surgery 5th year, 5th lecture/part two (Dr. Ari Sami)
Surgery 5th year, 5th lecture/part two (Dr. Ari Sami)
Similar to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Vascular malformations gc
Prezentare din cadrul conferintei Management of Intracranial Vascular Lesions- Medicalis 2012, Cluj-Napoca
POSTERIOR REVERSIBLE ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME (PRES).pptx
This document provides an overview of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES). It defines PRES and discusses its etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, management, complications, and prognosis. PRES is characterized by reversible brain edema typically seen in the posterior regions. It is often associated with conditions like hypertension, preeclampsia, immunosuppressants, and renal failure. Clinical features include headaches, seizures, altered mental status, and visual disturbances. Diagnosis relies on clinical features and MRI findings of vasogenic edema. Management involves treating the underlying cause, controlling blood pressure, and supportive care. Outcomes are generally good if treated promptly, but recurrence or malignant forms can occur with persistent risk factors.
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Intracerebral hemorrhage is more common in Asian countries and incidence increases with age. It has a high mortality rate, especially when located in the brainstem. Clinical presentation includes altered mental status, headache, nausea and focal neurological deficits depending on the location of bleeding in the brain. CT scan is used to diagnose and determine the size and location of hemorrhage. Treatment focuses on controlling blood pressure, reducing ICP and treating the underlying cause.
Diseases of The Skull
This document discusses various diseases of the skull and skull bones. It begins with an overview of imaging modalities used to evaluate the skull such as X-ray, CT scan, MRI, and 3D imaging. It then covers developmental disorders of the skull including craniosynostosis, anencephaly, and microcephaly. Infectious and neoplastic disorders of the skull base are also discussed. Finally, the document reviews traumatic injuries to the skull including fractures and neurotrauma.
urgencias retinales
This document discusses the presentation, evaluation, and management of various ocular pathologies including retinal artery occlusion, retinal vein occlusion, and posterior vitreous detachment. It notes that retinal artery occlusion can cause sudden, painless vision loss and is associated with an increased risk of stroke and cardiovascular events. Evaluation involves assessing for potential cardiac, carotid, or other vascular causes. Retinal vein occlusion risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hematologic disorders. Management may include anti-coagulation or thrombolytic therapy depending on the severity and subtype. Posterior vitreous detachment often presents with flashes and floaters but usually does not require follow up unless associated retinal breaks or pathology are detected on initial exam
Stroke
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in Malaysia. The document defines stroke, classifies its types, and outlines its diagnosis and management. Key points include that stroke is caused by blocked blood flow to the brain, and risk factors include age, gender, family history, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, smoking, and high cholesterol. Diagnostic tests include CT/MRI scans and angiograms to determine the cause. Treatment focuses on rehabilitation, managing risk factors, and preventing future strokes.
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a reversible cause of dementia characterized by the classic triad of dementia, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence. It is caused by excess cerebrospinal fluid in the brain's ventricles without increased fluid pressure. NPH typically affects older adults and can be diagnosed using criteria including an evaluation of symptoms, imaging scans, and lumbar puncture results. Treatment involves CSF shunting procedures, which can significantly improve symptoms in around 60% of NPH patients. Prognosis is generally good with sustained improvement possible after surgery, though shunt complications do occur in around 38% of cases.
Stroke in children
Stroke is an emergency condition caused by a blocked artery or burst blood vessel in the brain. It can lead to serious disability or death if brain cells are not quickly treated. The main types of stroke are ischemic, caused by a blockage, and hemorrhagic, caused by a burst blood vessel. Timely treatment is critical to minimize brain cell death and damage. Management involves stabilizing vital functions, rapidly diagnosing the type of stroke, and administering appropriate treatments such as clot-busting drugs to reduce disability. A multidisciplinary approach is needed for long-term care and rehabilitation.
Thunder
This document summarizes a neurosciences academic meeting that discussed a case of a 25-year-old female who presented with sudden onset of her worst headache ever. Differential diagnoses for thunderclap headache were discussed. Imaging revealed a subarachnoid hemorrhage from an aneurysm. The meeting discussed CT and MR angiography as diagnostic tools compared to catheter angiography, and yields of CSF analysis for diagnosing aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage without an identified aneurysm were also reviewed, as well as a new clinical decision tool to exclude subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
This document provides an overview of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It discusses the anatomy and histology of cerebral vasculature, epidemiology of SAH including risk factors and causes, classification of cerebral aneurysms, grading scales for SAH severity, clinical presentation, investigations including imaging and lumbar puncture, and laboratory tests. The epidemiology section notes that SAH accounts for 1-6% of strokes, has a high case fatality rate of up to 51%, and is most commonly caused by rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. Clinical presentation involves sudden, severe headache as the most common symptom along with possible neurological deficits, while investigations include noncontrast CT, CTA, MRI, lumbar puncture,
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
This document discusses posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). It begins by providing the historical background of the condition. It then describes PRES as a clinicoradiological entity characterized by neurological symptoms like headaches and seizures as well as bilateral white matter abnormalities visible on imaging. It discusses various conditions and triggers that can cause PRES and explores the potential pathophysiological mechanisms involved. The document outlines the typical clinical features and radiological patterns seen in PRES. It compares the differential diagnosis of PRES with other conditions and discusses the general management principles of treating underlying causes and controlling blood pressure.
2-secondary-headaches-all types ahs-2018.pptx
This document discusses secondary headaches from various causes. It begins with learning objectives around recognizing red flags for secondary headaches, diagnosing and managing dangerous headaches, and reviewing less common headache disorders. It then covers approaches to diagnosis like history and exam, provides examples of things to look for in the history with an acronym, and discusses limitations of CT. Several specific secondary headache disorders are discussed in depth, including vascular causes like subarachnoid hemorrhage, pseudotumor cerebri, and giant cell arteritis. Spinal fluid disorders causing headaches like post-dural puncture headache and spontaneous CSF leaks are also reviewed. Finally, headaches from CNS infections such as meningitis, brain abscess, and le
SAH FINAL.pptx
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is bleeding into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain. It accounts for 5% of strokes but has high mortality and disability rates. The main causes are aneurysms (85%) and hypertension is a major risk factor. Patients present with sudden severe headache, vomiting, and possible loss of consciousness. Grading systems assess severity based on symptoms and imaging findings. Management involves stabilizing the patient, treating complications, and potentially clipping or coiling the aneurysm to prevent rebleeding. Anesthesia aims to control blood pressure rises during intubation and carefully monitor the patient.
Intracerebral hemorrhage
A well described presentation on hemorrhagic stroke, including diagnosis, classification, ICH scoring, and its management
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
This document provides an overview of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It defines SAH as blood entering the subarachnoid space, with the most common cause being the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm (65-80% of cases). The incidence is about 9-10 per 100,000 people per year. Clinical presentation includes a sudden, severe headache and may include decreased consciousness, neck stiffness, vomiting, and vision changes. Diagnosis is made through CT scan, MRI, lumbar puncture, and angiography. Multiple grading scales exist to classify SAH severity and predict outcomes, with the Hunt and Hess and World Federation of Neurosurgeons scales discussed in detail.
Intracranial hemorrhage. neurol clin
This document discusses the diagnosis and management of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). ICH is bleeding within the skull and can occur in different locations, including within brain tissue, around the brain, or in the fluid-filled spaces. Diagnosis involves history, exam, and non-contrast CT scan of the brain. Initial management focuses on airway protection if decreased consciousness, monitoring vital signs, and controlling blood pressure to reduce risk of hemorrhage expansion. Treatment depends on ICH type but generally involves stabilization in the ICU followed by specialized management depending on location and cause of bleeding.
Headache Lecture For Student
This document discusses various types and causes of headaches. It provides 5 main causes of headaches including traction or tension of pain-sensitive structures, dilation of intracranial arteries, inflammation of pain-sensitive structures, obstruction of CSF pathways causing increased pressure, and involvement of pain-modulating systems. It then discusses specific headache types like migraines, tension headaches, cluster headaches and secondary headaches.
Headache lecture for student2
This document discusses various types and causes of headaches. It provides 5 main causes of headaches including traction or tension of pain-sensitive structures, dilation of intracranial arteries, inflammation of pain-sensitive structures, obstruction of CSF pathways causing increased pressure, and involvement of pain-modulating systems. It then discusses specific headache types like migraines, tension headaches, cluster headaches and secondary headaches.
POSTERIOR REVERSIBLE ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME
Disorder of reversible subcortical vasogenic brain oedema in patients with acute neurological symptoms (eg, seizures, encephalopathy, headache, and visual disturbances) in the setting of renal failure, blood pressure fluctuations, cytotoxic drugs, autoimmune disorders, and pre-eclampsia or eclampsia.
Also called as:
Reversible posterior cerebral edema syndrome
Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome
Hyperperfusion encephalopathy
Brain capillary leak syndrome
PRES is caused by endothelial injury related to abrupt blood pressure changes or direct effects of cytokines on the endothelium, which leads to breakdown of the blood– brain barrier and subsequent brain edema.
PRES is generally reversible, both radio graphically and clinically, and has a favourable prognosis.
Cerebral blood flow can be regulated by four major mechanisms:
Myogenic,
Neurogenic,
Metabolic, or
Endothelial.
These mechanisms ensure that cerebral blood flow (CBF) is maintained within a relatively normal range. NO—nitric oxide, ET1—endothelin 1
Ischaemic stroke - A Comprehensive Presentation
A comprehensive presentation of the Management of Ischaemic Stroke
Introduction, Epidemiology, Classification, Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, Differentials, Investigation, Management, Prognosis
Similar to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (20)
POSTERIOR REVERSIBLE ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME (PRES).pptx
POSTERIOR REVERSIBLE ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME (PRES).pptx
Recently uploaded
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS). Parc Taulí. Sabadell
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
Avartana Sneha is a unique method of Preparation of Sneha Kalpana in Ayurveda, mainly it is indicated for the Vataja rogas.
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Swisschem Dermacare has mentioned the List of The Best Antifungal Soap In India 2022. All of these soaps are trusted by various Dermatology Experts.
A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Top-Vitamin-Supplement-Brands-in-India List
Swisschem Dermacare provides the Top 10 Vitamin Supplement Brands in India. To know more about us give us call at our official number
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
It includes regulation of combination products and medical devices. FDA and industry liaisons.
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Recently uploaded (20)
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- 1. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) Ionuţ Cărăvan Coordinated by Prof. Ioan Ştefan Florian, MD, PhD University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Haţieganu“ Cluj Napoca
- 2. Definition • SAH = extravasation of blood into the subarachnoid space
- 3. Etiology Greenberg Handbook of Neurosurgery, 2010 Traumatic SAH Non-traumatic (spontaneous) SAH oruptured intracranial aneurysms (75 %) oAVM (5 %) oothers (tumor, vasculitis, coagulation disorders, dural sinus thrombosis) ounknown etiology (15 %)=“angiogram-negative SAH”
- 4. Presenting features(1) • HEADACHE (“thunderclap headache”) • meningismus neck stiffness photophobia back pain
- 5. Presenting features(2) • decreased state of consciousness • nausea and vomiting • seizures • focal neurologic deficits: oculomotor palsy hemiparesis • ocular hemorrhage
- 6. Radiographic findings • CT scan • Cerebral Angiography • FLAIR* MRI • CT Angiography • MRA** *Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery **Magnetic Resonance Angiography
- 7. CT scan
- 9. Grading SAH Hunt and Hess Grade WFNS* Grading *World Federation of Neurological Surgeons
- 10. Complications • Hydrocephalus • Vasospasm => delayed cerebral ischemia • Seizures • Rebleeding • Intracerebral hemorrhage • Intraventricular hemorrhage • Left ventricular systolic dysfunction • Subdural hematoma
- 11. Treatment • BP control (fluid restriction and antihypertensive therapy) when the mean arterial pressure exceeds 130 mm Hg • ICP control (osmotic agents, loop diuretics) • Symptomatic treatment: – anticonvulsants: levetiracetam, phenytoin – analgesics: fentanyl – anti-emetics: odansetron – calcium channel blockers: nimodipine, verapamil => vasospasm !!! Prevention of rebleeding: • antifibrinolytic therapy • surgical treatment • endovascular treatment
- 12. References • MS Greenberg. Handbook of Neurosurgery. Seventh Edition. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers; 2010. • AH Kaye. Essential Neurosurgery. Third Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2005. • MG Yasargil. Microneurosurgery. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers Inc; 1994.
- 13. Thank you!