The chapter discusses implementation and deployment activities for a new system. It covers various types of software testing including unit testing, integration testing, usability testing, system testing, and user acceptance testing. Implementation includes programming and testing, while deployment includes data conversion, training users, system testing, and deploying the final solution. Effective planning and management of implementation, testing, and deployment is also discussed.
System analysis and design involves developing a complete information system including hardware, software, people, procedures, and data. System analysis is the process of understanding the current system by collecting data, analyzing processes, and identifying problems and improvements. System design develops the new system based on requirements and analysis, proceeding from general design to detailed design. Tools like flowcharts, data flow diagrams, and structured English are used to describe the system design.
Architecture design in software engineeringPreeti Mishra
The document discusses software architectural design. It defines architecture as the structure of a system's components, their relationships, and properties. An architectural design model is transferable across different systems. The architecture enables analysis of design requirements and consideration of alternatives early in development. It represents the system in an intellectually graspable way. Common architectural styles structure systems and their components in different ways, such as data-centered, data flow, and call-and-return styles.
The document discusses software architecture design. It defines software architecture as the structure of components, relationships between components, and properties of components. An architectural design model can be applied to other systems and represents predictable ways to describe architecture. The architecture represents a system and enables analysis of effectiveness in meeting requirements and reducing risks. Key aspects of architectural design include communication between stakeholders, controlling complexity, consistency, reducing risks, and enabling reuse. Common architectural styles discussed include data-centered, data flow, call-and-return, object-oriented, and layered architectures.
This lecture provide a review of requirement engineering process. The slides have been prepared after reading Ian Summerville and Roger Pressman work. This lecture is helpful to understand user, and user requirements.
SYSTEM DESIGN by Neeraj Bhandari (Surkhet Nepal)Neeraj Bhandari
The document outlines the system design process, which specifies how a system will meet the information needs of users as defined in system analysis. The system design consists of both logical and physical design activities. The physical design relates to input/output processes, while the architectural design emphasizes the system structure and behavior. The logical design abstractly represents data flows and inputs/outputs, often using models and diagrams. The system specification is the final output of design and specifies the hardware, software, database, user interface, and personnel requirements needed.
The document provides an overview of the Software Engineering course for the second semester of the second year (B.Tech IT/II Sem-II). It includes details about the term, text books, unit syllabus, index of topics, and slides covering introductions to software engineering, the changing nature of software, software myths, generic views of process, the Capability Maturity Model Integration and personal and team software processes.
Information systems analysis and design is a method used by companies to create and maintain information systems that perform basic business functions. It involves developing or acquiring application software and training employees to use it, with the goal of improving organizational systems. Key components of information systems include application software designed to support specific functions, as well as other system components collectively called computer-based information systems. Methodologies, techniques, and tools help analysts develop information systems through a sequence of structured steps.
System analysis and design involves developing a complete information system including hardware, software, people, procedures, and data. System analysis is the process of understanding the current system by collecting data, analyzing processes, and identifying problems and improvements. System design develops the new system based on requirements and analysis, proceeding from general design to detailed design. Tools like flowcharts, data flow diagrams, and structured English are used to describe the system design.
Architecture design in software engineeringPreeti Mishra
The document discusses software architectural design. It defines architecture as the structure of a system's components, their relationships, and properties. An architectural design model is transferable across different systems. The architecture enables analysis of design requirements and consideration of alternatives early in development. It represents the system in an intellectually graspable way. Common architectural styles structure systems and their components in different ways, such as data-centered, data flow, and call-and-return styles.
The document discusses software architecture design. It defines software architecture as the structure of components, relationships between components, and properties of components. An architectural design model can be applied to other systems and represents predictable ways to describe architecture. The architecture represents a system and enables analysis of effectiveness in meeting requirements and reducing risks. Key aspects of architectural design include communication between stakeholders, controlling complexity, consistency, reducing risks, and enabling reuse. Common architectural styles discussed include data-centered, data flow, call-and-return, object-oriented, and layered architectures.
This lecture provide a review of requirement engineering process. The slides have been prepared after reading Ian Summerville and Roger Pressman work. This lecture is helpful to understand user, and user requirements.
SYSTEM DESIGN by Neeraj Bhandari (Surkhet Nepal)Neeraj Bhandari
The document outlines the system design process, which specifies how a system will meet the information needs of users as defined in system analysis. The system design consists of both logical and physical design activities. The physical design relates to input/output processes, while the architectural design emphasizes the system structure and behavior. The logical design abstractly represents data flows and inputs/outputs, often using models and diagrams. The system specification is the final output of design and specifies the hardware, software, database, user interface, and personnel requirements needed.
The document provides an overview of the Software Engineering course for the second semester of the second year (B.Tech IT/II Sem-II). It includes details about the term, text books, unit syllabus, index of topics, and slides covering introductions to software engineering, the changing nature of software, software myths, generic views of process, the Capability Maturity Model Integration and personal and team software processes.
Information systems analysis and design is a method used by companies to create and maintain information systems that perform basic business functions. It involves developing or acquiring application software and training employees to use it, with the goal of improving organizational systems. Key components of information systems include application software designed to support specific functions, as well as other system components collectively called computer-based information systems. Methodologies, techniques, and tools help analysts develop information systems through a sequence of structured steps.
This document discusses different types of architecture views, including the module architecture view. It defines a view as a combination of structures that share common properties or perspectives. Architecture is described as the high-level structure of a software system that organizes its elements. The goals of architecture are to expose a system's structure while hiding implementation details and addressing requirements.
The module architecture view shows how key system elements are mapped to modules and subsystems, which are decomposed and assigned to layers based on dependencies. It defines the modules and their inherent relations without specifying a product configuration. Diagrams like package diagrams and class diagrams are used to depict subsystem decomposition and module use-dependencies.
This document discusses techniques for gathering software requirements, including interviews, workshops, observations, questionnaires, and document analysis. It outlines direct and indirect data collection methods, and levels of requirements from business goals to use cases. Stakeholder involvement at each level is described. The iterative nature of requirements elicitation and management is emphasized. Effective elicitation requires understanding stakeholders, crafting questions, and documenting open issues for future refinement.
This document provides an overview of system analysis and design (SAD) by Yared Yenealem. It begins with biographical information about Yenealem and the objectives of the SAD course. It then covers key topics in SAD including what a system is, the elements and characteristics of systems, different types of information systems, and the importance of project management in SAD. Methods for representing and scheduling projects like Gantt charts and PERT charts are also discussed. The document aims to give students foundational knowledge on concepts and processes in SAD.
Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, 9th Edition Ch2Mohammed Romi
This document summarizes key aspects of software processes and models. It discusses the basic activities involved in software development like specification, design, implementation, validation and evolution. It describes process models like waterfall, incremental development and reuse-oriented processes. The waterfall model involves sequential phases while incremental development interleaves activities. Validation includes testing stages from unit to system level. The document also covers designing for change and evolution.
This document discusses software processes and models. It covers the following key points:
1. Software processes involve activities like specification, design, implementation, validation and evolution to develop software systems. Common process models include waterfall, incremental development and reuse-oriented development.
2. Processes need to cope with inevitable changes. This can involve prototyping to avoid rework or using incremental development and delivery to more easily accommodate changes.
3. The Rational Unified Process is a modern process model with phases for inception, elaboration, construction and transition. It advocates iterative development and managing requirements and quality.
This chapter discusses identifying and modeling functional requirements through use cases and user stories. It describes two techniques for identifying use cases: the user goal technique which identifies user goals and tasks, and the event decomposition technique which identifies system responses to different event types. The chapter also covers modeling use cases with descriptions, diagrams, and relationships to define the system functions and actors.
The document contains slides related to software design concepts from the textbook "Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach". It discusses key design principles such as abstraction, architecture, patterns, separation of concerns, modularity, information hiding, stepwise refinement, functional independence, and cohesion. The slides provide examples and definitions for these important software design topics.
In software engineering and software architecture design, design decisions address architecturally significant requirements; they are perceived as hard to make and/or costly to change. It is called also architecture strategies and tactics.
The document provides an overview of software design principles and system models. It discusses the objectives of understanding software design principles and following a structured approach. It describes different system models including data processing, composition, classification, and stimulus-response models. It also covers architectural design, explaining that it is the initial design process that identifies subsystems and establishes a framework for control and communication. It discusses system structuring, control models, and modular decomposition as part of the architectural design process.
1. The document defines key terms related to information systems like data, information, and discusses different types of information systems such as informal, formal, and computer-based systems.
2. It classifies information systems into operational support systems and management support systems. Operational systems include transaction processing, process control, and office automation. Management systems provide information for decision making.
3. The document outlines the expanding roles of information systems from data processing to strategic support and global internetworking. It also discusses challenges and opportunities of information systems.
The document discusses software requirements and requirements engineering. It introduces concepts like user requirements, system requirements, functional requirements, and non-functional requirements. It explains how requirements can be organized in a requirements document and the different types of stakeholders who read requirements. The document also discusses challenges in writing requirements precisely and provides examples of requirements specification for a library system called LIBSYS.
The document contains slides from a lecture on software engineering process models. It discusses the waterfall model, V-model, incremental model and evolutionary models. The waterfall model follows sequential phases from requirements to maintenance without overlap. The V-model pairs each development phase with a testing phase. The incremental model combines linear and parallel activities to deliver software in increments. Evolutionary models take an iterative approach where software evolves over time through incremental improvements.
Software Engineering- Requirement Elicitation and SpecificationNishu Rastogi
The document discusses the process of requirements engineering for software development. It involves four main steps:
1) Feasibility study to determine if the project is possible.
2) Requirements gathering by communicating with clients and users to understand what the software should do.
3) Creating a software requirements specification (SRS) document that defines system functions and constraints.
4) Validating requirements to ensure they are clear, consistent, and can be implemented.
This chapter discusses approaches to system development, including the systems development life cycle (SDLC) and methodologies. It describes both predictive and adaptive approaches to the SDLC, and compares traditional sequential models to iterative models. The chapter also covers the support phase, system development methodologies and models, structured versus object-oriented approaches, and agile development principles.
The document discusses systems analysis and design. It describes the systems development life cycle as having four phases - planning, analysis, design, and implementation. It then explains six major systems development methodologies: waterfall, parallel development, phased development, prototyping, design prototyping, and agile development. Finally, it lists five common team roles in systems development: business analyst, systems analyst, infrastructure analyst, change management analyst, and project manager.
This document discusses software quality assurance (SQA) systems. It describes six main components of an SQA system: pre-project, project life cycle, infrastructure for error prevention/improvement, management, standards/certification/assessment, and organization. It also discusses SQA considerations like software complexity, classification of SQA components, and factors to consider when constructing an organization's SQA system.
The document discusses process improvement in software engineering. It describes the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) which has 5 levels for process improvement: initial, repeatable, defined, managed, and optimizing. Each level is associated with better project management practices, quality levels, and key process areas. Moving from lower to higher levels results in fewer defects, higher defect removal rates, and better ability to predict and manage costs, quality, and personnel needs. The CMM provides a framework for organizations to assess and improve their software development processes.
The document discusses use case diagrams in object oriented design and analysis. It defines use cases as descriptions of system functionality from a user perspective. Use case diagrams depict system behavior, users, and relationships between actors, use cases, and other use cases. The key components of use case diagrams are described as actors, use cases, the system boundary, and relationships. Common relationships include association, extend, generalization, uses, and include. An example use case diagram for a cellular telephone is provided to illustrate these concepts.
This document provides an overview of the Information Systems Analysis and Modeling module. The module aims to help students understand tools and techniques used in information systems development, analyze and design systems, and evaluate methodologies. It covers topics such as requirements determination, object-oriented analysis, conceptual and physical design, and comparing methodologies. Students will be assessed through an exam, critiques of readings, and a requirements analysis assignment. Reading materials include textbooks on information systems development and object-oriented software engineering.
This chapter discusses use cases, which define the functional requirements of a system. It describes two techniques for identifying use cases: user goal technique and event decomposition technique. It also discusses use case diagrams, which graphically show use cases and their relationships to actors. The key learning objectives are to explain the importance of use cases in defining requirements and to identify use cases using various techniques.
This chapter discusses extending requirements models in systems analysis and design. It describes developing use case descriptions, activity diagrams, system sequence diagrams, and state machine diagrams to provide more detail on functional requirements. The chapter aims to integrate these different modeling techniques to fully define requirements.
This document discusses different types of architecture views, including the module architecture view. It defines a view as a combination of structures that share common properties or perspectives. Architecture is described as the high-level structure of a software system that organizes its elements. The goals of architecture are to expose a system's structure while hiding implementation details and addressing requirements.
The module architecture view shows how key system elements are mapped to modules and subsystems, which are decomposed and assigned to layers based on dependencies. It defines the modules and their inherent relations without specifying a product configuration. Diagrams like package diagrams and class diagrams are used to depict subsystem decomposition and module use-dependencies.
This document discusses techniques for gathering software requirements, including interviews, workshops, observations, questionnaires, and document analysis. It outlines direct and indirect data collection methods, and levels of requirements from business goals to use cases. Stakeholder involvement at each level is described. The iterative nature of requirements elicitation and management is emphasized. Effective elicitation requires understanding stakeholders, crafting questions, and documenting open issues for future refinement.
This document provides an overview of system analysis and design (SAD) by Yared Yenealem. It begins with biographical information about Yenealem and the objectives of the SAD course. It then covers key topics in SAD including what a system is, the elements and characteristics of systems, different types of information systems, and the importance of project management in SAD. Methods for representing and scheduling projects like Gantt charts and PERT charts are also discussed. The document aims to give students foundational knowledge on concepts and processes in SAD.
Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, 9th Edition Ch2Mohammed Romi
This document summarizes key aspects of software processes and models. It discusses the basic activities involved in software development like specification, design, implementation, validation and evolution. It describes process models like waterfall, incremental development and reuse-oriented processes. The waterfall model involves sequential phases while incremental development interleaves activities. Validation includes testing stages from unit to system level. The document also covers designing for change and evolution.
This document discusses software processes and models. It covers the following key points:
1. Software processes involve activities like specification, design, implementation, validation and evolution to develop software systems. Common process models include waterfall, incremental development and reuse-oriented development.
2. Processes need to cope with inevitable changes. This can involve prototyping to avoid rework or using incremental development and delivery to more easily accommodate changes.
3. The Rational Unified Process is a modern process model with phases for inception, elaboration, construction and transition. It advocates iterative development and managing requirements and quality.
This chapter discusses identifying and modeling functional requirements through use cases and user stories. It describes two techniques for identifying use cases: the user goal technique which identifies user goals and tasks, and the event decomposition technique which identifies system responses to different event types. The chapter also covers modeling use cases with descriptions, diagrams, and relationships to define the system functions and actors.
The document contains slides related to software design concepts from the textbook "Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach". It discusses key design principles such as abstraction, architecture, patterns, separation of concerns, modularity, information hiding, stepwise refinement, functional independence, and cohesion. The slides provide examples and definitions for these important software design topics.
In software engineering and software architecture design, design decisions address architecturally significant requirements; they are perceived as hard to make and/or costly to change. It is called also architecture strategies and tactics.
The document provides an overview of software design principles and system models. It discusses the objectives of understanding software design principles and following a structured approach. It describes different system models including data processing, composition, classification, and stimulus-response models. It also covers architectural design, explaining that it is the initial design process that identifies subsystems and establishes a framework for control and communication. It discusses system structuring, control models, and modular decomposition as part of the architectural design process.
1. The document defines key terms related to information systems like data, information, and discusses different types of information systems such as informal, formal, and computer-based systems.
2. It classifies information systems into operational support systems and management support systems. Operational systems include transaction processing, process control, and office automation. Management systems provide information for decision making.
3. The document outlines the expanding roles of information systems from data processing to strategic support and global internetworking. It also discusses challenges and opportunities of information systems.
The document discusses software requirements and requirements engineering. It introduces concepts like user requirements, system requirements, functional requirements, and non-functional requirements. It explains how requirements can be organized in a requirements document and the different types of stakeholders who read requirements. The document also discusses challenges in writing requirements precisely and provides examples of requirements specification for a library system called LIBSYS.
The document contains slides from a lecture on software engineering process models. It discusses the waterfall model, V-model, incremental model and evolutionary models. The waterfall model follows sequential phases from requirements to maintenance without overlap. The V-model pairs each development phase with a testing phase. The incremental model combines linear and parallel activities to deliver software in increments. Evolutionary models take an iterative approach where software evolves over time through incremental improvements.
Software Engineering- Requirement Elicitation and SpecificationNishu Rastogi
The document discusses the process of requirements engineering for software development. It involves four main steps:
1) Feasibility study to determine if the project is possible.
2) Requirements gathering by communicating with clients and users to understand what the software should do.
3) Creating a software requirements specification (SRS) document that defines system functions and constraints.
4) Validating requirements to ensure they are clear, consistent, and can be implemented.
This chapter discusses approaches to system development, including the systems development life cycle (SDLC) and methodologies. It describes both predictive and adaptive approaches to the SDLC, and compares traditional sequential models to iterative models. The chapter also covers the support phase, system development methodologies and models, structured versus object-oriented approaches, and agile development principles.
The document discusses systems analysis and design. It describes the systems development life cycle as having four phases - planning, analysis, design, and implementation. It then explains six major systems development methodologies: waterfall, parallel development, phased development, prototyping, design prototyping, and agile development. Finally, it lists five common team roles in systems development: business analyst, systems analyst, infrastructure analyst, change management analyst, and project manager.
This document discusses software quality assurance (SQA) systems. It describes six main components of an SQA system: pre-project, project life cycle, infrastructure for error prevention/improvement, management, standards/certification/assessment, and organization. It also discusses SQA considerations like software complexity, classification of SQA components, and factors to consider when constructing an organization's SQA system.
The document discusses process improvement in software engineering. It describes the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) which has 5 levels for process improvement: initial, repeatable, defined, managed, and optimizing. Each level is associated with better project management practices, quality levels, and key process areas. Moving from lower to higher levels results in fewer defects, higher defect removal rates, and better ability to predict and manage costs, quality, and personnel needs. The CMM provides a framework for organizations to assess and improve their software development processes.
The document discusses use case diagrams in object oriented design and analysis. It defines use cases as descriptions of system functionality from a user perspective. Use case diagrams depict system behavior, users, and relationships between actors, use cases, and other use cases. The key components of use case diagrams are described as actors, use cases, the system boundary, and relationships. Common relationships include association, extend, generalization, uses, and include. An example use case diagram for a cellular telephone is provided to illustrate these concepts.
This document provides an overview of the Information Systems Analysis and Modeling module. The module aims to help students understand tools and techniques used in information systems development, analyze and design systems, and evaluate methodologies. It covers topics such as requirements determination, object-oriented analysis, conceptual and physical design, and comparing methodologies. Students will be assessed through an exam, critiques of readings, and a requirements analysis assignment. Reading materials include textbooks on information systems development and object-oriented software engineering.
This chapter discusses use cases, which define the functional requirements of a system. It describes two techniques for identifying use cases: user goal technique and event decomposition technique. It also discusses use case diagrams, which graphically show use cases and their relationships to actors. The key learning objectives are to explain the importance of use cases in defining requirements and to identify use cases using various techniques.
This chapter discusses extending requirements models in systems analysis and design. It describes developing use case descriptions, activity diagrams, system sequence diagrams, and state machine diagrams to provide more detail on functional requirements. The chapter aims to integrate these different modeling techniques to fully define requirements.
This document discusses project planning and management for systems analysis and design projects. It covers the principles of project management, including why many IT projects fail and the importance of effective project managers. It describes the core processes of identifying problems, obtaining approval, and planning and monitoring projects. Key activities covered include developing a system vision document, estimating timelines, costs and benefits, and conducting a cost/benefit analysis to obtain approval for a new project. The document also discusses the Project Management Body of Knowledge and the differences between traditional and Agile project management approaches.
This chapter provides an overview of systems analysis and design. It discusses the systems development lifecycle and iterative development approaches. As an example, it walks through planning the initial iteration of developing a tradeshow system for Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters. Key activities covered in the iteration include identifying the problem, planning the project, analyzing requirements through use cases and class diagrams, designing system components like the user interface and database, and architectural designs. The chapter covers the core processes of systems analysis, design, and project planning.
This chapter discusses systems analysis activities for understanding requirements for a new Consolidated Sales and Marketing System (CSMS) project at Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters (RMO). It covers gathering information through techniques like interviews and documentation, defining functional and non-functional requirements, prioritizing requirements, and modeling workflows with activity diagrams. The CSMS project aims to upgrade and integrate RMO's existing sales and marketing systems to better support customer expectations and compete in the industry.
System Analysis and Design 6th edition chapter 14Matthew McKenzie
This chapter discusses current trends in systems analysis and design methodologies, technologies, and applications. It outlines three influential agile methodologies: the Unified Process (UP), Extreme Programming (XP), and Scrum. The UP uses iterative development, UML modeling, and defines phases and disciplines. XP is based on core values like communication and focuses on practices like pair programming and testing. Scrum uses sprints, daily scrums, and product backlogs to iteratively develop software. Emerging trends in devices, software deployment, and web applications are also discussed.
This chapter discusses systems design and the major design activities involved in systems development. It outlines the difference between systems analysis and systems design, and describes the key design activities which include designing the environment, application architecture, user interfaces, system interfaces, database, and security controls. The chapter also covers designing for internal deployment on a local network as well as external deployment over the internet, and various hosting alternatives for internet deployment.
This document discusses domain classes and domain modeling. It begins by explaining how domain classes represent "things" in the problem domain that need to be modeled by the system. Two techniques for identifying domain classes are described: brainstorming and using a noun analysis. The document then discusses how to represent domain classes and their attributes, associations, and relationships in a domain model class diagram. It provides examples of domain model class diagrams for various systems. Finally, it discusses how domain model class diagrams can be developed for subsystems of a large project and how they relate to entity-relationship diagrams.
The document discusses object-oriented requirements analysis and modeling techniques using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It describes how use case diagrams, use case descriptions, activity diagrams, system sequence diagrams, and state machine diagrams are used together to define functional requirements from the user perspective and model object behavior. The relationships between these object-oriented requirements models provide a complete specification of system requirements using an iterative approach.
The document discusses the role of the systems analyst as a business problem solver. The analyst's chief tasks are to define problems and outline solutions. They develop system requirements, designs, and models to provide alternatives that are consistent with corporate strategies. The analyst works within an environment that involves many types of technologies and locations. They must maintain integrity, ethics, and confidentiality. Analysts may also advise on strategic issues and projects like enterprise resource planning.
This chapter discusses user and system interfaces in systems analysis and design. It describes the difference between user interfaces, which involve direct human interaction, and system interfaces, which require minimal human intervention. Guidelines are provided for designing usable user interfaces, including consistency, feedback, and reducing memory loads. Use cases and storyboards help design system dialogs. The chapter also covers identifying system inputs and outputs, and guidelines for designing reports and other outputs that will be easy for users to understand.
The document discusses using object-oriented analysis (OOA) to define system requirements through modeling. It describes using use case diagrams, system sequence diagrams, class diagrams, and statechart diagrams to capture requirements from different perspectives. The key models are use cases defining system processes and interactions, class diagrams identifying object structures, and statecharts describing object behaviors and status changes. Integrating these models provides a comprehensive yet divided view of the system requirements.
Cs 2352 object oriented analysis and designandrewsasi
This document provides an overview of an introductory course on object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It covers object-oriented systems development methodology, including object basics like classes, objects, attributes, methods, encapsulation, and inheritance. It also discusses the object-oriented systems development life cycle, including activities like object-oriented analysis, design, prototyping, and testing. The unified approach and unified modeling language are presented as standard methodologies for OOAD.
There are three levels of management in an organization: top level management, middle level management, and lower level management. Top level management determines objectives and policies, assembles resources, and controls work performance. Middle level management interprets policies, appoints employees, and issues instructions. Lower level management submits workers' grievances, ensures proper working environment and safety, and helps middle level management. The functions of management include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.
The document discusses the different levels of management in organizations. It identifies three levels - top level management, middle level management, and lower level management.
The top level consists of boards of directors, CEOs, and other C-level executives. They are responsible for controlling the entire organization by setting strategic plans and policies. The middle level includes department heads and branch managers who implement plans and monitor performance. The lower level comprises of foremen and supervisors who direct workers and maintain morale.
This document discusses different types of language tests and testing, including proficiency tests, achievement tests, diagnostic tests, placement tests, direct and indirect testing, discrete point and integrative testing, norm-referenced and criterion-referenced testing, objective and subjective testing, and computer adaptive testing. It provides details on the purpose and characteristics of each type of test.
Understanding Authenticity in Language Teaching & Assessment Omaima Ayoub
Authenticity in language teaching and assessment has been a key concept for TESOL researchers and practitioners. The definition of authenticity itself is quite complicated and has therefore been debated in the literature. In this presentation, the author sheds some light on the concept of authenticity and identify the types and parameters of authenticity in language teaching and assessment. She also explains how language testing fits within the broader scope of assessment and its two major types: formative and summative.
This document discusses approaches to language testing and types of language tests. It describes six main approaches: traditional, discrete, integrative, pragmatic, and communicative. It also outlines five main types of language tests based on their objective: selection tests, placement tests, achievement tests, diagnostic tests, and try-out tests. Achievement tests measure learning from a course, while proficiency tests measure skills for a future task. Diagnostic tests identify areas of difficulty.
This document describes an online book store project created using ASP.NET and SQL Server. It includes an introduction to .NET technologies, objectives to simulate an actual online book store and allow browsing/purchasing of books, requirements including minimum hardware/software specifications, screenshots of the home, contact, and admin login pages, and advantages like cost and time savings. The conclusion restates that the online book store allows customers to search, select, and purchase books online.
The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) describes the stages involved in developing and maintaining information systems. It began in the 1960s-1970s as the first documented approach. The SDLC involves planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance stages. There are different terminology used to describe the phases, but the same core activities are performed. Methodologies like prototyping, rapid application development, and agile methods have evolved to allow for more iterative development approaches compared to traditional waterfall models.
The document discusses different types of software assessment techniques, including metric-oriented assessments, unified model assessments, process improvement assessments, and tool support assessments. It also covers the importance of version and release management in tracking different versions of a system. Finally, it discusses various software testing fundamentals, strategies, and principles, such as unit testing, integration testing, validation testing, stress testing, and the importance of designing software for testability.
The document discusses implementation and support activities for systems development projects. It covers topics like program development, testing approaches, data conversion, documentation, training, and user support. Implementation takes significant time and resources, while support activities may continue for years after a system is operational. The document provides details on various implementation and support strategies and considerations.
Software Engineering Important Short Question for ExamsMuhammadTalha436
The document discusses various topics related to software engineering including:
1. The software development life cycle (SDLC) and its phases like requirements, design, implementation, testing, etc.
2. The waterfall model and its phases from modeling to maintenance.
3. The purpose of feasibility studies, data flow diagrams, and entity relationship diagrams.
4. Different types of testing done during the testing phase like unit, integration, system, black box and white box testing.
Materi Testing dan Implementasi Sistem - Testing throughout the software life...devinta sari
Component testing verifies individual software components and modules in isolation from the rest of the system using stubs and drivers. Integration testing tests interfaces between components and interactions between systems. System testing evaluates the entire system against requirements and from the perspective of end users. Acceptance testing is conducted by customers or users to determine if the system is fit for purpose prior to deployment.
The document discusses various approaches to system analysis including waterfall, prototyping, rapid application development, and agile methods. It describes the typical phases of system analysis as planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support/maintenance. Key aspects of requirements analysis are covered such as information discovery techniques like interviews, questionnaires, and joint application design sessions. The benefits and shortcomings of different system analysis methodologies are also summarized.
The systems development life cycle (SDLC) describes the process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system. It involves preliminary system study, feasibility study, detailed system study, system analysis, system design, coding, testing, implementation, and maintenance. The SDLC follows a structured process to ensure high quality systems while maximizing productivity and providing management controls. It originated in the 1960s to develop large scale business systems.
The document describes the six phases of the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC): 1) Preliminary Investigation assesses feasibility and requirements, 2) System Analysis studies the existing system and defines new requirements, 3) System Design develops alternative system designs, 4) System Development builds the new system, 5) System Implementation installs and trains users on the new system, and 6) System Operation and Maintenance involves ongoing evaluation and updates after implementation. Each phase involves specific tasks, tools, and documentation to progress the system through its entire life cycle.
MIS 49100 Week 2 Systems Development Life Cycleoudesign
The document discusses the six phases of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) methodology for project development: 1) Preliminary Investigation assesses feasibility, 2) System Analysis studies requirements, 3) System Design plans alternatives, 4) System Development builds the system, 5) System Implementation installs and trains users on the new system, and 6) System Operation and Maintenance provides ongoing support. Each phase is described in detail, outlining key activities, tools used, and documentation produced.
The document discusses the information systems life cycle, which includes stages like feasibility study, requirements analysis, system design, implementation, installation, and maintenance. It describes the waterfall model as a sequential process where each stage must be completed before moving to the next. However, this model does not allow for modifications, so prototyping is introduced as an alternative that can identify issues earlier and result in a more refined final system.
The document describes the six phases of the systems development life cycle: 1) preliminary investigation, 2) systems analysis, 3) systems design, 4) systems development, 5) systems implementation, and 6) systems maintenance. Each phase involves specific activities like gathering requirements, designing system components, developing and acquiring software/hardware, testing, training users, and ongoing maintenance. Traceability matrices are used to map requirements to designs and validate that the life cycle process is followed.
The document provides an overview of different software development methodologies and how testing fits within each. It discusses the waterfall model, incremental/iterative development model, and prototyping model. It then focuses on test-driven development, describing the steps of writing a test first, seeing it fail, making the code pass the test, and refactoring code as needed.
The document discusses system analysis and development models. It describes the need for system analysis from various points of view like system objectives, boundaries, importance, etc. It then explains the key stages in system analysis like system study, feasibility study, system analysis, system design, coding, testing, implementation and maintenance. It also discusses various system analysis tools like data flow diagrams, decision tables, etc.
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What you will learn in this second section
Software Testing Methodologies. Waterfall, V-Model and Iterative
What is unity or component system testing
What is integration, system and acceptance means
Differences between functional and non-functional testing
What is a structural testing
Change-related testing
Maintenance testing
Access my blog for much more material and the mock exams.
www.rogeriodasilva.com
This document provides an overview of several software development life cycle models:
- The Waterfall Model involves sequential phases from requirements to maintenance without iteration.
- Prototyping allows for experimenting with designs through iterative prototype development and user testing.
- Iterative models like the Spiral Model involve repeating phases of design, implementation, and testing in cycles with user feedback.
The document discusses various software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, iterative waterfall, V-shaped, prototyping, evolutionary, spiral, RAD, iterative enhancement, and agile models. It provides details on the phases and activities involved in classical waterfall model such as feasibility study, requirements analysis, design, coding, testing, integration, and maintenance. The advantages of waterfall model include being linear, systematic and having proper documentation, while the disadvantages are the inability to accommodate changes and detect errors late in the process. Iterative models allow for feedback loops to catch errors earlier.
The document describes the system development life cycle (SDLC), which is a process used to develop, implement, and retire information systems through several steps: initiation, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. It involves analyzing user needs, designing the system, coding, testing, implementation, and maintenance. The waterfall model is presented as a common SDLC approach, consisting of sequential phases from requirements analysis through maintenance. Other SDLC models mentioned include iterative, spiral, object-oriented, rapid application development, and joint application development.
The document discusses different types of testing in the V-model, including static testing, dynamic testing, unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing, and more. It provides details on each type of testing including what is tested, when it is performed, and the objectives.
The document discusses different approaches to systems building, including the traditional systems lifecycle model consisting of definition, feasibility, design, development, testing, implementation, evaluation and maintenance phases. It also covers prototyping, using application software packages, end-user development, outsourcing, structured methodologies, object-oriented development, computer-aided software engineering and software reengineering.
Report on SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE SDLC Neetu Marwah
The document discusses the software development life cycle (SDLC). It describes SDLC as a process used in software engineering to break down development into distinct phases to better plan and manage projects. The phases include requirements study, design, development, testing, and maintenance. The document outlines each phase in detail and notes the key documents produced and activities involved at each stage of the SDLC process.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
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Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
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Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
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Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Dive into the realm of operating systems (OS) with Pravash Chandra Das, a seasoned Digital Forensic Analyst, as your guide. 🚀 This comprehensive presentation illuminates the core concepts, types, and evolution of OS, essential for understanding modern computing landscapes.
Beginning with the foundational definition, Das clarifies the pivotal role of OS as system software orchestrating hardware resources, software applications, and user interactions. Through succinct descriptions, he delineates the diverse types of OS, from single-user, single-task environments like early MS-DOS iterations, to multi-user, multi-tasking systems exemplified by modern Linux distributions.
Crucial components like the kernel and shell are dissected, highlighting their indispensable functions in resource management and user interface interaction. Das elucidates how the kernel acts as the central nervous system, orchestrating process scheduling, memory allocation, and device management. Meanwhile, the shell serves as the gateway for user commands, bridging the gap between human input and machine execution. 💻
The narrative then shifts to a captivating exploration of prominent desktop OSs, Windows, macOS, and Linux. Windows, with its globally ubiquitous presence and user-friendly interface, emerges as a cornerstone in personal computing history. macOS, lauded for its sleek design and seamless integration with Apple's ecosystem, stands as a beacon of stability and creativity. Linux, an open-source marvel, offers unparalleled flexibility and security, revolutionizing the computing landscape. 🖥️
Moving to the realm of mobile devices, Das unravels the dominance of Android and iOS. Android's open-source ethos fosters a vibrant ecosystem of customization and innovation, while iOS boasts a seamless user experience and robust security infrastructure. Meanwhile, discontinued platforms like Symbian and Palm OS evoke nostalgia for their pioneering roles in the smartphone revolution.
The journey concludes with a reflection on the ever-evolving landscape of OS, underscored by the emergence of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and the persistent quest for innovation and efficiency. As technology continues to shape our world, understanding the foundations and evolution of operating systems remains paramount. Join Pravash Chandra Das on this illuminating journey through the heart of computing. 🌟
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
3. Chapter 13 Outline
Testing
Deployment
Activities
Planning and Managing Implementation,
Testing, and Deployment
Putting It All Together—RMO Revisited
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
3
4. Learning Objectives
Describe implementation and deployment activities
Describe various types of software tests and explain
how and why each is used
Explain the importance of configuration management,
change management, and source code control to the
implementation, testing, and deployment of a system
List various approaches to data conversion and system
deployment and describe the advantages and
disadvantages of each
Describe training and user support requirements for new
and operational systems
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
4
5. Overview
Up to this point, the text has covered the first
four of the core development processes in the
SDLC
This chapter covers the last 2 processes—
Implementation activities and Deployment
activities
Implementation includes programming and
testing activities. Deployment includes system
tests, converting data, training, setting up the
production environment, and deploying the
solution
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
5
8. Testing Concepts
Testing – the process of examining a component,
subsystem, or system to determine its operational
characteristics and whether it contains any defects
Test case – a formal description of a starting state, one
or more events to which the software must respond,
and the expected response or ending state
Defined based on well understood functional and nonfunctional requirements
Must test all normal and exception situations
Test data – a set of starting states and events used to
test a module, group of modules, or entire system
The data that will be used for a test case
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
8
9. Unit Testing
Unit
test – tests of an individual method, class,
or component before it is integrated with other
software
Driver – a method or class developed for unit
testing that simulates the behavior of a method
that sends a message to the method being
tested
Stub – a method or class developed for unit
testing that simulates the behavior of a method
invoked that hasn’t yet been written
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
9
10. Unit Testing
Driver to test createCartItem method
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
10
11. Unit Testing
Some stub modules used by createCartItem
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
11
12. Integration Testing
Integration test – tests of the behavior of a group of
methods, classes, or components
Interface incompatibility—For example, one method passes a
parameter of the wrong data type to another method
Parameter values—A method is passed or returns a value that
was unexpected, such as a negative number for a price.
Run-time exceptions—A method generates an error, such as
“out of memory” or “file already in use,” due to conflicting
resource needs
Unexpected state interactions—The states of two or more
objects interact to cause complex failures, as when an
OnlineCart class method operates correctly for all possible
Customer object states except one
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
12
13. Integration Testing
Integration testing of object-oriented software is very
complex because an object-oriented program consists
of a set of interacting objects
Methods can be (and usually are) called by many other
methods, and the calling methods may be distributed across
many classes.
Classes may inherit methods and state variables from other
classes.
The specific method to be called is dynamically determined at
run time based on the number and type of message
parameters.
Objects can retain internal variable values (i.e., the object
state) between calls. The response to two identical calls may
be different due to state changes that result from the first call
or occur between calls.
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
13
14. Usability Testing
Usability test – a test to determine whether a method,
class, subsystem, or system meets user requirements
Many usability tests are required because they involve
functional and non-functional requirements
Most common type evaluates functional requirements,
use case by use case
Can be completed in each iteration as use cases are
implemented
Can test ease of learning and ease of use
Can test whether results match actual requirements
Key type of feedback from users throughout project
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
14
15. System, Performance, and Stress
Testing
System test – an integration test of an entire
system or independent subsystem
Can be performed at the end of each iteration
Can be performed more frequently
Build and smoke test – a system test that is performed
daily or several times a week
The system is completely compiled and linked (built), and
a battery of tests is executed to see whether anything
malfunctions in an obvious way (“smokes”)
Automated testing tools are used. Catches any problems
that may have come up since the last system test
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
15
16. System, Performance, and Stress
Testing
Performance test or stress test – an integration
and usability test that determines whether a
system or subsystem can meet time-based
performance criteria
Response time – the desired or maximum allowable time
limit for software response to a query or update
Throughput – the desired or minimum number of queries
and transactions that must be processed per minute or
hour
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
16
17. User Acceptance Testing
User acceptance test – a system test performed
to determine whether the system fulfills user
requirements
May be performed near the end of the project (or
at end of later project iterations)
A very formal activity in most development
projects. Payments tied to passing tests
Details of acceptance tests are sometimes
included in the request for proposal (RFP) and
procurement contract
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
17
18. Deployment Activities
Note system tests, stress tests, and user acceptance tests are
considered deployment
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
18
19. Converting and Initializing Data
An operational system requires a fully populated
database to support ongoing processing
Data needed at system startup can be obtained
from these sources:
Files or databases of a system being replaced
Manual records
Files or databases from other systems in the
organization
User feedback during normal system operation
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
19
20. Converting and Initializing Data
Complex data conversion example
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
20
21. Training Users
Training is needed for end users and system
operators
Training for end users must emphasize hands-on
use for specific business processes or functions,
such as order entry, inventory control, or accounting
Widely varying skill and experience levels call for at least
some hands-on training, including practice exercises,
questions and answers, and one-on-one tutorials
System operator training can be much less formal
when the operators aren’t end users
Experienced computer operators and administrators can
learn most or all they need to know by self-study
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
21
24. Planning and Managing
Implementation, Testing and Deployment
Development
Input, process, output (IPO) – a development
order that implements input modules first, process
modules next, and output modules last
Top-down development – a development order
that implements top-level modules first
Order
Use stubs for testing
Bottom-up development – a development order
that implements low-level detailed modules first
Use drivers for testing
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
24
25. Planning and Managing
Implementation, Testing and Deployment
Source
code control
An automated tool for tracking source code files
and controlling changes to those files
A programmer checks out a file in read-only mode
when he or she wants to examine the code without
making changes (e.g., to examine a module’s
interfaces to other modules)
When a programmer needs to make changes to a file,
he or she checks out the file in read/write mode
The SCCS allows only one programmer at a time to
check out a file in read/write mode.
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
25
26. Source Code Control System (SCCS)
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
26
27. Planning and Managing
Implementation, Testing and Deployment
Packaging, installing, and deploying components
Issues to consider when planning
Incurring costs of operating both systems in parallel
Detecting and correcting errors in the new system
Potentially disrupting the company and its IS operations
Training personnel and familiarizing customers with new
procedures
Different approaches
Direct deployment
Parallel deployment
Phased deployment
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
27
28. Planning and Managing
Implementation, Testing and Deployment
Direct deployment – a deployment method that installs a
new system, quickly makes it operational, and
immediately turns off any overlapping systems
Higher risk, lower cost
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
28
29. Planning and Managing
Implementation, Testing and Deployment
Parallel deployment – a deployment method that
operates the old and the new systems for an extended
time period
Lower risk, higher cost
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
29
30. Planning and Managing
Implementation, Testing and Deployment
Phased
deployment –
a deployment
method that
installs a new
system and
makes it
operational in a
series of steps
or phases
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
30
31. Planning and Managing
Implementation, Testing and Deployment
Submitting Error Reports and Change Requests
Standard reporting methods
Review of requests by a project manager or change control
committee
For operational systems, extensive planning for design and
implementation
Implementing a Change
Identify what parts of the system must be changed
Secure resources (such as personnel) to implement the
change
Schedule design and implementation activities
Develop test criteria and a testing plan for the changed
system
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
31
32. Planning and Managing
Implementation, Testing and Deployment
Change and Version Control – tools and processes
handle the complexity associated with testing and
supporting a system through multiple versions
Alpha version – a test version that is incomplete but ready
for some level of rigorous integration or usability testing
Beta version – a test version that is stable enough to be
tested by end users over an extended period of time
Production version, release version, or production release –
a system version that is formally distributed to users or
made operational for long-term use
Maintenance release – a system update that provides bug
fixes and small changes to existing features
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
32
33. RMO CSMS System Revisited
Upgrade
or Replace?
The current infrastructure is near capacity.
RMO expects to save money by having an
external vendor host the CSMS
Existing CSS programs and Web interfaces are a
hodgepodge developed over 15 years
Current system software is several versions out of
date
Infrastructure that supports the current CSS can
be repurposed to expand SCM capacity
Therefore
RMO decided to Replace
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
33
34. RMO CSMS System Revisited
Phased Deployment to Minimize Risk
Database Development and Data Conversion
New database built and data migrated before deploying
version 1, in iterations
Development Order
Deploy in two versions
Start with the higher risk Sales subsystem and customer
facing Order fulfillment subsystem
Documentation and Training
Spread throughout later iterations for both versions
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
34
35. RMO CCMS Iteration Plan (part 1)
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
35
36. RMO CCMS Iteration Plan (part 2)
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
36
37. Summary
Implementation and deployment are complex processes
because they consist of so many interdependent activities
Implementation activities include program the software, unit
tests, building test cases, and integrate and test components
Deployment activities include perform system and stress
tests, perform acceptance tests, convert existing data, build
training materials/conduct training, configure and set up the
production environment, and deploy the solution
Testing is a key activity of implementation and deployment
and includes unit tests, integration tests, usability tests,
system/performance/stress tests, and acceptance tests
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
37
38. Summary (continued)
A program development plan is a trade-off among
available resources, available time, and the desire to
detect and correct errors prior to system deployment
Configuration and change management activities
track changes to models and software through
multiple system versions, which enables developers
to test and deploy a system in stages
Versioning also improves post deployment support
by enabling developers to track problem support to
specific system versions
Source code control systems enable development
teams to coordinate their work
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
38
39. Summary (continued)
Three options for deployment include direct
deployment, parallel deployment and phased
deployment
Direct deployment is riskier but less expensive.
Parallel deployment is less risky but more
expensive
For moderate to large projects, a phase
deployment approach makes sense to get key
parts of the system operational earlier
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6t
39