There are three stages of technology application in schools: using technology to do existing tasks, improving on existing tasks, and enabling new tasks not previously possible. Schools face pressure to integrate technology from various stakeholders. Technologies can be used as productivity tools to accomplish tasks more efficiently or as cognitive tools to enhance thinking. Technologies affect student learning in different subject areas such as providing simulations in science, tutorials and graphing in math, and communication tools in foreign language. Technologies also benefit students with special needs and allow distance learning. As technologies are integrated, teachers take on more of a facilitator role and emphasize formative assessment to confirm student understanding of concepts and tools. Key issues for schools regarding technology include infrastructure, budgets, professional development, equity, and

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