Rutin is a citrus flavonoid glycoside found in many plants that contributes to their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. It occurs as a yellow crystalline powder soluble in alkali but only slightly soluble in water. On hydrolysis, rutin yields quervetin, rhamnose and glucose. Rutin was extracted from plant seeds, leaves, and callus using Soxhlet extraction with ethanol, followed by separation using petroleum ether, chloroform and aqueous layers. Identification of the extracted rutin was confirmed using IR spectroscopy which showed peaks for alcoholic, phenolic, alkene, ether, and carbonyl functional groups. Rutin has various pharmacological functions as an antioxidant with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and

2. • Rutin is also called and
It is a citrus flavonoid glycoside which is a low
molecular weight polyphenolic compound.
• OCCURRENCE
• Rutin is one of the phenolic compounds found in the
invasive plant species and contribute
to the anti bacterial and antioxidant properties of the plant
.
• Its name comes from thae name , a plant
that also contain rutin.

3. PROPERTIES
• It occurs as yellow crystalline powder.
• Soluble in alkali but only slightly soluble in water.
• On hydrolysis yield quervetin, rhamnose and glucose.
• On hdrolysis yield hesperetin ,rhamnose and glucose.
• It decrease capillary fragility and are therefore employed
in cases of hypertension and radiation injuries.
• rutin is dextrotatory in neutral and acidic solvent and
levorotatory in alkaline solvents.

5. extraction and isolation
Rutin extracted from 5 g of the powder seeds, leaves and 1 g from the
powder callus by Soxhlet apparatuswith 250 ml of 80% ethanol till
exhaustion. The extract was filtered and concentrated by evaporation
under vacuum to about 10ml then mixed with 25 ml distilled water, and
extracted with petroleum ether (50ml x 3), then with chloroform (50 ml x
3).
After extraction, the aqueous layer was collected and left to stand
in a cold place for 72 hours; a yellow precipitate separated out of
the solution. The precipitate was filtered and washed with a
mixture of chloroform : ethylacetate : ethanol (50:25:25). The
un-dissolved part of the precipitate was dissolved in hot methanol
and filtered, the filtrate was evaporated to dryness to give yellow
powder rutin.

6. EXTRACTION

8. IDENTIFICATION
Identification of isolated rutin by IR spectrum:
Put drops of plant extracts for each sample in
a cell Infrared spectrum device(IR) and
recorded graphs sites the main functional
groups of the compound rutin which included
site group a alcoholic(-OH)group,phenolic(-
OH) group, alken(C=C), the isomeric and
nonisomeric ether(C-O-C), carbonyl(C=O)
group and (C-H) aliphatic and
aromatic stretching group.

9. FUNCTIONS
There are various physiological functions of rutin and related flavonoids in the
human body and other species, including plants. Rutin is one of the best natural
antioxidants in the known natural class. Rutin is synthesized in higher plants, and it
was found in various fruits and fruit rinds, especially citrus fruits and berries such as
Ruta graveolens and Morus alba. Rutin is also called vitamin P, which is widely
distributed in vegetables, fruits, and medicinal herbs such as asparagus and
buckwheat. Further, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is considered to be one of
the best dietary sources of rutin.
Rutin has various pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antiprotozoal,
antitumor, antiinflammatory, antiallergic, antiviral, cytoprotective, vasoactive,
hypolipidaemic, antiplatelet, antispasmodic, and antihypertensive. Rutin is used in
food in different forms such as colorant, antioxidant, preservative, stabilizer, and UV
absorbent. It is also used as an active component in various herbal medicines,
multivitamin preparations, the cosmetic and chemical industries, and in animal feed.