Chemistry of plastics, rubber and resinsrita martin
Plastics any synthetic or semi-synthetic organic material includes chains of carbon, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen. Rubber elastic substance divided into two groups natural, synthetic rubber. Resin is a natural or synthetic hydrocarbon secreted many plants
Chemistry of plastics, rubber and resinsrita martin
Plastics any synthetic or semi-synthetic organic material includes chains of carbon, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen. Rubber elastic substance divided into two groups natural, synthetic rubber. Resin is a natural or synthetic hydrocarbon secreted many plants
Elastomeric materials that meet tough challenges
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Author: Dr. Banja Junhasavasdikul
Published: August 2022
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Rubber is a miracle elastomeric material for which there are hardly any alternatives
because of its elastomeric properties. Natural rubber and synthetic rubbers have been
developed to serve man-kind in sealing, transporting, conveying and containing solid, liquid
and gas that other materials find difficult to do.
How could we live in this world without rubber? How would we drive our cars without
rubber? Rubber products are everywhere and offer practical solutions for a wide variety of
design challenges.
"Beat Plastic Pollution" is a presentation by Dr. Amrit Krishna Mitra, Assistant Professor, Department Of Chemistry, Singur Government College, West Bengal, India. In this presentation he discusses the chemistry & history of Plastics, its benefits etc., as well as the detrimental effects of plastic on the environment, and finally ways towards the resolution.
https://www.sciencesg.com/scientificity/beat-plastic-pollution/
Elastomeric materials that meet tough challenges
----------------------------------------------
Author: Dr. Banja Junhasavasdikul
Published: August 2022
----------------------------------------------
Rubber is a miracle elastomeric material for which there are hardly any alternatives
because of its elastomeric properties. Natural rubber and synthetic rubbers have been
developed to serve man-kind in sealing, transporting, conveying and containing solid, liquid
and gas that other materials find difficult to do.
How could we live in this world without rubber? How would we drive our cars without
rubber? Rubber products are everywhere and offer practical solutions for a wide variety of
design challenges.
"Beat Plastic Pollution" is a presentation by Dr. Amrit Krishna Mitra, Assistant Professor, Department Of Chemistry, Singur Government College, West Bengal, India. In this presentation he discusses the chemistry & history of Plastics, its benefits etc., as well as the detrimental effects of plastic on the environment, and finally ways towards the resolution.
https://www.sciencesg.com/scientificity/beat-plastic-pollution/
Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation - Final Version - 5.23...John Andrews
SlideShare Description for "Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation"
Title: Chatty Kathy: Enhancing Physical Activity Among Older Adults
Description:
Discover how Chatty Kathy, an innovative project developed at the UNC Bootcamp, aims to tackle the challenge of low physical activity among older adults. Our AI-driven solution uses peer interaction to boost and sustain exercise levels, significantly improving health outcomes. This presentation covers our problem statement, the rationale behind Chatty Kathy, synthetic data and persona creation, model performance metrics, a visual demonstration of the project, and potential future developments. Join us for an insightful Q&A session to explore the potential of this groundbreaking project.
Project Team: Jay Requarth, Jana Avery, John Andrews, Dr. Dick Davis II, Nee Buntoum, Nam Yeongjin & Mat Nicholas
Data Centers - Striving Within A Narrow Range - Research Report - MCG - May 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) expects to see demand and the changing evolution of supply, facilitated through institutional investment rotation out of offices and into work from home (“WFH”), while the ever-expanding need for data storage as global internet usage expands, with experts predicting 5.3 billion users by 2023. These market factors will be underpinned by technological changes, such as progressing cloud services and edge sites, allowing the industry to see strong expected annual growth of 13% over the next 4 years.
Whilst competitive headwinds remain, represented through the recent second bankruptcy filing of Sungard, which blames “COVID-19 and other macroeconomic trends including delayed customer spending decisions, insourcing and reductions in IT spending, energy inflation and reduction in demand for certain services”, the industry has seen key adjustments, where MCG believes that engineering cost management and technological innovation will be paramount to success.
MCG reports that the more favorable market conditions expected over the next few years, helped by the winding down of pandemic restrictions and a hybrid working environment will be driving market momentum forward. The continuous injection of capital by alternative investment firms, as well as the growing infrastructural investment from cloud service providers and social media companies, whose revenues are expected to grow over 3.6x larger by value in 2026, will likely help propel center provision and innovation. These factors paint a promising picture for the industry players that offset rising input costs and adapt to new technologies.
According to M Capital Group: “Specifically, the long-term cost-saving opportunities available from the rise of remote managing will likely aid value growth for the industry. Through margin optimization and further availability of capital for reinvestment, strong players will maintain their competitive foothold, while weaker players exit the market to balance supply and demand.”
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Empowering the Data Analytics Ecosystem: A Laser Focus on Value
The data analytics ecosystem thrives when every component functions at its peak, unlocking the true potential of data. Here's a laser focus on key areas for an empowered ecosystem:
1. Democratize Access, Not Data:
Granular Access Controls: Provide users with self-service tools tailored to their specific needs, preventing data overload and misuse.
Data Catalogs: Implement robust data catalogs for easy discovery and understanding of available data sources.
2. Foster Collaboration with Clear Roles:
Data Mesh Architecture: Break down data silos by creating a distributed data ownership model with clear ownership and responsibilities.
Collaborative Workspaces: Utilize interactive platforms where data scientists, analysts, and domain experts can work seamlessly together.
3. Leverage Advanced Analytics Strategically:
AI-powered Automation: Automate repetitive tasks like data cleaning and feature engineering, freeing up data talent for higher-level analysis.
Right-Tool Selection: Strategically choose the most effective advanced analytics techniques (e.g., AI, ML) based on specific business problems.
4. Prioritize Data Quality with Automation:
Automated Data Validation: Implement automated data quality checks to identify and rectify errors at the source, minimizing downstream issues.
Data Lineage Tracking: Track the flow of data throughout the ecosystem, ensuring transparency and facilitating root cause analysis for errors.
5. Cultivate a Data-Driven Mindset:
Metrics-Driven Performance Management: Align KPIs and performance metrics with data-driven insights to ensure actionable decision making.
Data Storytelling Workshops: Equip stakeholders with the skills to translate complex data findings into compelling narratives that drive action.
Benefits of a Precise Ecosystem:
Sharpened Focus: Precise access and clear roles ensure everyone works with the most relevant data, maximizing efficiency.
Actionable Insights: Strategic analytics and automated quality checks lead to more reliable and actionable data insights.
Continuous Improvement: Data-driven performance management fosters a culture of learning and continuous improvement.
Sustainable Growth: Empowered by data, organizations can make informed decisions to drive sustainable growth and innovation.
By focusing on these precise actions, organizations can create an empowered data analytics ecosystem that delivers real value by driving data-driven decisions and maximizing the return on their data investment.
4. A material that can be stretched and will
retract rapidly and forcibly to substantially
its original dimensions upon
release off the force.
5. Mayan People are considered as the first people
to discover and use rubber.
In 1736, rubber was introduced in France.
In 1791, waterproof cloth with the help of rubber.
In 1839, the process of vulcanization was discovered.
In 1879, first synthetic rubber was made in laboratory.
In 1910, first commercial synthetic rubber produced.
In 1931, first successful synthetic rubber was
manufactured.
TIMELINE:DEVELOPMENT OF RUBBER
6. NATURAL RUBBER
A yellowish, amorphous, elastic material
obtained from the latex of various
tropical plants, especially the
rubber tree.
SYNTHETIC RUBBER
A material with the mechanical
property that it can undergo elastic
deformation under stress and still
return to its previous size without
permanent deformation.
7.
8. Also known as India Rubber.
made from milky colloid “LATEX
SAP” produced by some plants.
Latex is natural polymer of
isoprene.
9. Latex is the protective fluid contained
in tissue beneath the bark of the
rubber tree.
A cut is made in bark of the tree
and latex is allowed to exude
into a collecting vessel over a
period of hours.
Latex is processed then dried,
sorted and smoked.
10. Isoprene is made by processing of Latex.
Isoprene is a common organic compound
with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2
It is polymerized to give polyisoprene(natural rubber).
11. There were a number of reasons responsible for the
development of an alternative or substitute for
natural rubber. These included:
Volatile or rising prices.
Supply of raw materials.
Long transport distances.
Regional constraints related rubber plantations.
Increase in global demand for rubber.
12. Synthetic rubber is a white, crumbly, plastic mass
which can be processed and vulcanized in the same
way as natural rubber.
Most are obtained by polymerization or
polycondensation of unsaturated monomers
Synthetic rubber is produced in different ways.
Figure illustrates one of the common production
processes.
13.
14. In 1909, Synthetic Rubber, by
polymerization of METHYL
ISOPRENE by HOFFMANN.
In 1910, Commercial Synthetic
Rubber, by polymerizing
BUTADIENE.
In 1931, first successful synthetic
rubber, known as NEOPRENE.
Methyl Isoprene
15. There are numerous examples of Natural and
Synthetic Rubbers. We will be discussing some
of them here:
1. Polyisoprene.
2. BUNA CB.
3. Butyl Rubber.
4. Neoprene.
5. Silicone Rubber.
6. BUNA N
7. BUNA S
16. Resistant to oxidizing agents and is damaged by aging,
sunlight, oil.
Used in Domestic, textile, paper, carpet industry.
As adhesives, toy balloons, etc
17. Good abrasion resistance.
It exhibits a recovery of 80% after stress is applied.
Used as a fuel in Solid Rocket Boosters, railway pads,
bridge blocks.
18. It is a colorless to light yellow viscoelastic material.
Excellent impermeability/air retention.
Vibration damping.
Resistance to aging and to weathering.
19. Neoprene has good chemical stability, and maintains
flexibility over a wide temperature range.
20. Silicone rubber is generally stable and non-reactive.
Resistant to extreme temperatures.
Aviation and aerospace wiring.
High electrical insulation.
21. It is resistant to oil, fuel, and other chemicals.
Non-latex gloves.
Preparation of adhesives and as a pigment binder.
Synthetic leather.
Printer's roller.
22. It has good abrasion resistance and good
aging stability.
Sealing and binding agent.
Better durability.
24. ENERGY STORAGING ABILITY
Can store “Elastic Potential Energy”
and convert it into “Kinetic Energy”
upon the release of applied load.
25. Light Weight.
Molding.
High stretch ability and flexibility.
Resistant to water and other chemicals.
Electrical Insulation.
Shock absorbing characteristics
These are recyclable like plastics.
They can be easily colored by most types of dyes.
26. Cold weather hardness.
Become sticky in damp conditions. That’s why,
VULCANIZATION is required to make it weather resistant
and more durable.
General inability to bear greater load.
Heat Absorbency.
Infectious to skin.
Relatively high cost of raw materials.
27. Vulcanization is a chemical process for converting
rubber or related polymers into more durable
materials via the addition of sulphur or other
equivalent "curatives".
28. Some of the common applications of rubber are:
Daily Use Items.
Automotive Industry.
Adhesive Materials.
Sealing Agents.
Insulation Material.
Sports Goods.
Paints and Dyes.
Others…
29. Rubber made items find large application in the
our daily life household items such as shoes, clothes,
remote controls, storage bins etc
30. Rubber finds many applications in automotive industry,
such as Tires, Seat Belts, Bumpers, Gaskets and Car
Interior etc.
A life saving device made by rubber is planted in cars
“Air Bag”.
33. Rubber is used as insulating material
for protection against heat,
electricity.
34. Rubber is used in making many sports goods such as
grips, basketball, football, padding etc.
35. Rubber paint is a durable, creamy, brushable layer of
paint.
Used to paint sail cloth, wax paper, plastics.
It gives high level finish.
36. In Medical and Dental field.
In making Toys.
In making Rubberized Asphalt.
In making of Packing Equipments.
and so on............................